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Translation and Globalization

Authors: Michael Cronin
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2003/2012
Pages: 208

Description

Translation and Globalization is essential reading for anyone with an interest in translation, or a concern for the future of our world's languages and cultures. This is a critical exploration of the ways in which radical changes to the world economy have affected contemporary translation.

The Internet, new technology, machine translation and the emergence of a worldwide, multi-million dollar translation industry have dramatically altered the complex relationship between translators, language and power. In this book, Michael Cronin looks at the changing geography of translation practice and offers new ways of understanding the role of the translator in globalized societies and economies. Drawing on examples and case-studies from Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas, the author argues that translation is central to debates about language and cultural identity, and shows why consideration of the role of translation and translators is a necessary part of safeguarding and promoting linguistic and cultural diversity.

Contents

Translation and Globalization
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction: Echolands: translation now
1 Translation and the global economy
Translation
The informational and global economy
Self and the Net
Informational and aesthetic goods
Localization and culture
Communication and transmission
The message is the medium
Translation tools
Material organization
Multiple modernities
Down to earth
2 Globalization and new translation paradigms
Translation and the de-materialization of space
Networks and networking
Market utopianism, Americanization and the developmental state
Agency and neo-Babelianism
Translators and mediation
Fidelity and time
Diversity
3 Globalization and the new geography of translation
Global definitions and historical experiences
Localization and hegemony
Countering hegemony in translation
The censorship of translation experience
The refusal to translate and the global city
4 Globalization and the new politics of translation
Fluid modernity
Time, transmission and the supra-national
Cyborgs and machine translation
Literary translation and market time
Translator status
Translation and creativity
The Double and ‘clonialism’
Incompleteness and metonym
5 Translation and minority languages in a global setting
Invisible minorities
Minority languages and science and technology
Common conditions
Travelling minorities: language, translation and the global
Remainders
Asymmetrical relations
Travelling/dwelling
Translation ecology
Notes
Bibliography
Index

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Translation and Identity

Authors: Michael Cronin
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2006
Pages: 176

Description

Michael Cronin looks at how translation has played a crucial role in shaping debates about identity, language and cultural survival in the past and in the present. He explores how everything from the impact of migration on the curricula for national literature courses, to the way in which nations wage war in the modern era is bound up with urgent questions of translation and identity. Examining translation practices and experiences across continents to show how translation is an integral part of how cultures are evolving, the volume presents new perspectives on how translation can be a powerful tool in enhancing difference and promoting intercultural dialogue.

Drawing on a wide range of materials from official government reports to Shakespearean drama and Hollywood films, Cronin demonstrates how translation is central to any proper understanding of how cultural identity has emerged in human history, and suggests an innovative and positive vision of how translation can be used to deal with one of the most salient issues in an increasingly borderless world.

Contents


Acknowledgements
Introduction
1. Translation and the New Cosmopolitanism.
Cosmopolitanism.
Micro-Cosmopolitanism.
City and Country.
Global Hybrids.
A Transnational History of Translation.
Mutable Mobiles.
Bottom-Up Localization.
Loose Canons European Unions.
2. Translation and Immigration.
Migration. Locale.
Translational Assimilation.
Translational Accommodation.
Articulation.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Translation.
Citizenship.
3. Interpreting Identity.
Embodied Agency.
The Interpreter’s Testimony.
Diplomats, Spies and Officials Metonymic Presence Judging Interpreters.
Eloquence.
Double Dealing.
Forging the Nation.
Metaphor and Relational Semantics.
Metamorphosis.
Actionable Intelligence.
The Interpreter’s Visibility.
4. The Future of Diversity.
Bridge and Door.
The Decline of Diversity Cultural Negentropy.
Holograms.
Emergence.
Small Worlds and Weak Ties.
Bibliography

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The Translation Studies Reader, 3rd Edition

Author: Lawrence Venuti
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2012
Pages: 546

Description

The Translation Studies Reader provides a definitive survey of the most important and influential developments in translation theory and research, with an emphasis on twentieth-century developments. With introductory essays prefacing each section, the book places a wide range of seminal and innovative readings within their thematic, cultural and historical contexts.

The third edition of this classic reader has been fully revised and updated and adds a new section: 2000 and beyond , which includes five new readings. These new readings bring the Reader up to date with recent developments in the field and include articles on translation and world literature and translation and the internet.

Contents


Introduction. Foundational Statements.
1. Jerome, Letter to Pammachius. Translated by Kathleen Davis.
2. Nicolas Perrot D’Ablancourt, Prefaces to Tacitus and Lucian. Translated by Lawrence Venuti.
3. John Dryden, From the Preface to Ovid’s Epistles.
4. Friedrich Schleiermacher, On the Different Methods of Translating. Translated by Susan Bernofsky.
5. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Translations. Translated by Sharon Sloan.
6. Friedrich Nietzsche. Translations. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. 1900s-1930s.
7. Walter Benjamin, The Translator's Task. Translated by Steven Rendall
8. Ezra Pound, Guido’s Relations.
9. Jorge Luis Borges, The Translators of The One Thousand and One Nights. Translated by Esther Allen.1940s-1950s.
10 Vladimir Nabokov, Problems of Translation: Onegin in English.
11. Roman Jakobson, On Linguistic Aspects of Translation.1960s-1970s.
12. Eugene Nida, Principles of Correspondence.
13. George Steiner. The Hermeneutic.
14. Itamar Even-Zohar, The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem.
15. Gideon Toury, The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation.1980s.
16. Hans J. Vermeer, Skopos and Commission in Translation Theory. Translated by Andrew Chesterman.
17. André Lefevere, Mother Courage’s Cucumbers: Text, System and Refraction in a Theory of Literature.
18. Philip E. Lewis, The Measure of Translation Effects.
19. Antoine Berman, Translation and the Trials of the Foreign. Translated by Lawrence Venuti.
20. Lori Chamberlain, Gender and the Metaphorics of Translation. 1990s.
21. Annie Brisset, The Search for a Native Language: Translation and Cultural Identity. Translated by Rosalind Gill and Roger Gannon.
22. Gayatri Spivak, The Politics of Translation.
23. Kwame Anthony Appiah, Thick Translation
24. Keith Harvey, Translating Camp Talk: Gay Identities and Cultural Transfer.
25. Jacques Derrida, What Is a "Relevant" Translation? Translated by Lawrence Venuti 2000 and beyond.
26. Ian Mason, Text Parameters in Translation: Transitivity and Institutional Cultures.
27. David Damrosch, Translation and World Literature: Love in the Necropolis.
28. Sherry Simon, Translating Montreal: The Crosstown Journey in the 1960s.
29. Vicente L. Rafael, Translation, American English, and the National Insecurities of empire.
30. Michael Cronin, Translation and The Internet.
31. Lawrence Venuti, Genealogies of Translation Theory: Jerome.

Author Bio

Lawrence Venuti, Professor of English at Temple University, USA, is one of the world’s leading translation theorists and a prolific literary translator.
He is author of The Translator's Invisibility (2008) and Translation Changes Everything (forthcoming), both Routledge.

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Translation and Identity in the Americas: New Directions in Translation Theory

Author: Edwin Gentzler
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2008
Pages: 232

Description

Translation is a highly contested site in the Americas where different groups, often with competing literary or political interests, vie for space and approval. In its survey of these multiple and competing groups and its study of the geographic, socio-political and cultural aspects of translation, Edwin Gentzler’s book demonstrates that the Americas are a fruitful terrain for the field of translation studies.

Building on research from a variety of disciplines including cultural studies, linguistics, feminism and ethnic studies and including case studies from Brazil, Canada and the Caribbean, this book shows that translation is one of the primary means by which a culture is constructed: translation in the Americas is less something that happens between separate and distinct cultures and more something that is capable of establishing those very cultures.

Using a variety of texts and addressing minority and oppressed groups within cultures, Translation and Identity in the Americas highlights by example the cultural role translation policies play in a discriminatory process: the consequences of which can be social marginalization, loss of identity and psychological trauma.

Translation and Identity the Americas will be critical reading for students and scholars of Translation Studies, Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies.

Contents

Cover
Translation and Identity in the Americas: New Directions in Translation Theory
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Preface and acknowledgements
1 Introduction: New Definitions
2 Multiculturalism in the United States
3 Feminism and Theater in (Quebec) Canada
4 Cannibalism in Brazil
5 The Fictional Turn in Latin America
6 Border Writing and the Caribbean
7 Conclusion: New Directions
Bibliography
Index

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Translation Changes Everything, Theory and Practice

Author: Edwin Gentzler
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2013
Pages: 278

Description

In Translation Changes Everything leading theorist Lawrence Venuti gathers fourteen of his incisive essays since 2000.

The selection sketches the trajectory of his thinking about translation while engaging with the main trends in research and commentary. The issues covered include basic concepts like equivalence, retranslation, and reader reception; sociological topics like the impact of translations in the academy and the global cultural economy; and philosophical problems such as the translator’s unconscious and translation ethics.

Every essay presents case studies that include Venuti’s own translation projects, illuminating the connections between theoretical concepts and verbal choices. The texts, drawn from a broad variety of languages, are both humanistic and pragmatic, encompassing such forms as poems and novels, religious and philosophical works, travel guidebooks and advertisements. The discussions all explore practical applications, whether writing, publishing, reviewing, teaching or studying translations.

Venuti’s aim is to conceive of translation as an interpretive act with far-reaching social effects, at once enabled and constrained by specific cultural situations.

This latest chapter in his developing work is essential reading for translators and students of translation alike.

Contents

1. Translation, Community, Utopia
2. The Difference that Translation Makes: The Translator's Unconscious
3. Translating Derrida on Translation: Relevance and Disciplinary Resistance
4. Translating Jacopone da Todi: Archaic Poetries and Modern Audiences
5. Retranslations: The Creation of Value
6. How to Read a Translation
7. Local Contingencies: Translation and National Identities
8. Translation, Simulacra, Resistance
9. Translation on the Book Market
10. Teaching in Translation
11. The Poet's Version; or, An Ethics of Translation
12. Translation Studies and World Literature
13. Translation Trebled: Ernest Farré's Edward Hopper in English
14. Towards a Translation Culture


Author Bio

Lawrence Venuti, professor of English at Temple University, is a translation theorist and historian as well as a translator from Italian, French, and Catalan. He is a member of the editorial board of The Translator: Studies in Intercultural Communication. In 1998, he edited a special issue of The Translator devoted to translation and minority.

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Translation in the Digital Age

Author: Michael Cronin
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2013
Pages: 176

Description

Translation is living through a period of revolutionary upheaval. The effects of digital technology and the internet on translation are continuous, widespread and profound. From automatic online translation services to the rise of crowdsourced translation and the proliferation of translation Apps for smartphones, the translation revolution is everywhere. The implications for human languages, cultures and society of this revolution are radical and far-reaching. In the Information Age that is the Translation Age, new ways of talking and thinking about translation which take full account of the dramatic changes in the digital sphere are urgently required.

Michael Cronin examines the role of translation with regard to the debates around emerging digital technologies and analyses their social, cultural and political consequences, guiding readers through the beginnings of translation's engagement with technology, and through to the key issues that exist today.

With links to many areas of study, Translation in the Digital Age is a vital read for students of modern languages, translation studies, cultural studies and applied linguistics.

Contents

Cover
Translation in the Digital Age
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction: the translation age
1 The house of translation
2 Plain speaking
3 Translating limits
4 Everyware
5 Details
Notes
Bibliography
Index

Author Bio

Michael Cronin is Professor of Translation Studies in Dublin City University, Ireland. He is the author of Translation and Globalization (2003), Translation and Identity (2006) and Translation goes to the Movies (2009). He is Series Editor of the Routledge New Perspectives in Translation Studies series.

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Translation in Global News

Authors: Esperanca Bielsa, Susan Bassnett
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2007
Pages: 162

Description

The mass media are of paramount importance in the formulation and transmission of messages about key developments of global significance, such as terrorism and the war in Iraq, yet the key mediating role of translation in the reception of speeches and addresses of figures like Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein has remained largely invisible.

Incorporating the results of extensive fieldwork in key global news organizations such as Reuters, Agence France Press and Inter Press Service, this book addresses central issues relating to the new pressures on translation arising from globalization, analyzing new texts from major news agencies as well as alternative media organizations. Co-written by Susan Bassnett, a leading figure in the field of translation studies, this book presents close readings of different English versions of key Arabic texts circulated in Western media to demonstrate the ways in which a cultural and religious 'Other' is framed in different media.

Contents

Acknowledgements
Introduction
1 Power, language and translation
2 Globalization and translation
3 Globalization and news: The role of the news agencies in historical perspective
4 Translation in global news agencies
5 Journalism and translation: Practices, strategies and values in the news agencies
6 Reading translated news: An analysis of agency texts
7 Translation and trust
Appendix: The languages of global news
Notes
Bibliography
Index

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Translation/History/Culture: A Sourcebook

Author: André Lefevere
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 1992
Pages: 200

Description

The most important and productive statements on the translation of literature from Roman times to the 1920s are collected in this book. Arranged thematically around the main topics which recur over the centuries - power, poetics, universe of discourse, language, education - it contains texts previously unavailable in English, and translated here for the first time from classical, Medieval, and Renaissance Latin, from French and from German. As the first survey of its kind in both scope and selection it argues that translation commands a central position in the shaping of European literatures and cultures.

^Translation/History/Culture creates a framework for further study of the history of translation in the West by tracing European historical thought about translation, and discussing the topicality of many of the texts included.

Contents

Book Cover
Title
Contents
General editors' preface
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The role of ideology in the shaping of a translation
The power of patronage
Poetics
Universe of Discourse
Translation, the development of language and education
The technique of translating
Central texts and central cultures
Longer statements
Bibliographical references
Index

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The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation, 2nd Edition

Author: Lawrence Venuti
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2012
Pages: 200

Description

Since publication over ten years ago, The Translator’s Invisibility has provoked debate and controversy within the field of translation and become a classic text. Providing a fascinating account of the history of translation from the seventeenth century to the present day, Venuti shows how fluency prevailed over other translation strategies to shape the canon of foreign literatures in English and investigates the cultural consequences of the receptor values which were simultaneously inscribed and masked in foreign texts during this period. The author locates alternative translation theories and practices in British, American and European cultures which aim to communicate linguistic and cultural differences instead of removing them.

In this second edition of his work, Venuti:

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The Translator As Communicator

Authors: Basil Hatim, Ian Mason
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 1996
Pages: 256

Description

By taking an integrated approach to translation, Hatim and Mason provide a refreshingly unprejudiced contribution to translation theory.

Contents

Book Cover
Half-Title
Title
Copyright
Contents

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Translation goes to the Movies

Author: Michael Cronin
Publisher: Routledge
Year of Publication: 2008
Pages: 150

Description

This highly accessible introduction to translation theory, written by a leading author in the field, uses the genre of film to bring the main themes in translation to life. Through analyzing films as diverse as the Marx Brothers’ A Night at the Opera, The Star Wars Trilogies and Lost in Translation, the reader is encouraged to think about both issues and problems of translation as they are played out on the screen and issues of filmic representation through examining the translation dimension of specific films. In highlighting how translation has featured in both mainstream commercial and arthouse films over the years, Cronin shows how translation has been a concern of filmmakers dealing with questions of culture, identity, conflict and representation. This book is a lively and accessible text for translation theory courses and offers a new and largely unexplored approach to topics of identity and representation on screen. Translation Goes to the Movies will be of interest to those on translation studies and film studies courses.

Contents

Book Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Film stills
Acknowledgements
Introduction: The full picture
1 Translation: The screen test
2 The frontiers of translation: Stagecoach to Dances With Wolves
3 Translation howlers: A Night at the Opera to Borat
4 The long journey home: Lost in Translation to Babel
5 The empire talks back: Translation in Star Wars
Bibliography
Index

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Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained

Author: Nord, Christiane
Publisher: St. Jerome Publishing
Year of Publication: 1997
Pages: 160

Description

German-language approaches to translation have been revolutionized by the theory of action (Handlungstheorie) and the related theory of translation's goal or purpose (Skopstheorie). Both these approaches are functionalist: they seek to liberate translators from servitude to the source text, seeing translation as a new communicative act that must be purposeful with respect to the translator's client and readership. As one of the leading figures in this field, Christiane Nord gives the first full survey of functionalist approaches in English. She explains the complexities of the theories and their terms, using simple language with numerous examples. The book includes an overview of how the theories developed, illustrations of the main ideas, and specific applications to translator training, literary translation, interpreting and ethics. The survey concludes with a concise review of the criticisms that have been made of the theories, together with perspectives for the future development of functionalist approaches.

Contents

Introduction

1. Historical Overview

Early Views
Katharina Reiss and the Functional Category of
Translation Criticism
Hans J. Vermeer: Skopostheorie and Beyond
Justa Holz-M鋘tt鋜i and the Theory of Translational Action
Functionalist Methodology in Translator Training

2. Translating and the Theory of Action

Translating as a Form of Translational Interaction
Translating as Intentional Interaction
Translating as Interpersonal Interaction
Translating as a Communicative Action
Translating as Intercultural Action
Translating as a Text-Processing Action

3. Basic Concepts of Skopostheorie

Skopos, Aim, Purpose, Intention, Function and Translation Brief
Translation Brief
Intratextual and Intertextual Coherence
The Concept of Culture and Culture-Specificity
Adequacy and Equivalence
The Role of Text Classifications

4. Functionalism in Translator Training

A Translation-Oriented Model of Text Functions
A Functional Typology of Translations
Norms and Conventions in Functional Translation
Source-text Analysis, Translation Briefs and Identifying Translation Problems
A Functional Hierarchy of Translation Problems
Translation Units Revisited
Translation Errors and Translation Evaluation

5. Functionalism in Literary Translation

Actional Aspects of Literary Communication
Literary Communication across Culture Barriers
Skopos and Assignment in Literary Translation
Some examples

6. Functionalist Approaches to Interpreting

The Role of Interpreting in Skopostheorie
Translator Training: From Interpreting to Translation
A Functionalist Approach to Simultaneous Interpreting

7. Criticisms

8. Function plus Loyalty

9. Future Perspectives

Glossary

Bibliographical References

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Translation and Gender: Translating in the 'Era of Feminism'

Author:

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Translation and Language: Linguistic Approaches Explained

Author:

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Translation and Empire Postcolonial Theories Explained

Author:

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Translation and Literary Criticism:Translation as Analysis

Author: Gaddis Rose, Marilyn
Publisher: St. Jerome Publishing
Year of Publication: 1997
Pages: 112

Description

Translation and literary criticism have always been interdependent. But over the past quarter century, postmodernist literary criticism and European philosophy have progressively seen translation as a key to literary theory. Marilyn Gaddis Rose shows how these approaches can also make translation a critical tool for the analysis and teaching of literature. Her discussions of individual translations illustrate the way translation reveals hidden aspects of texts, challenging readers with a provisional boundary, an interliminal space of sound, allusion and meaning. In this space readers must collaborate, criticize and rewrite the text, thus enriching their experience of literature.

Adopting a personal, occasionally intimate approach to some of the greatest literary texts, Professor Rose convincingly demonstrates that translation need not to be seen as loss or sacrifice. From the perspective adopted in this volume, literature can only gain in translation.

Contents

1. Postulates of Literary Criticism

2. The Compatibility of Translation and Literary Criticism

3. Illustrated Historical Overview

4. The Recurring Rhythms

5. Baudelaire: Poet and Translator

6. Baudelaire: Poet Translated

7. Turning to Prose

8. Conclusion: The Text and Translation Equation

Afterword. To Contemplators ... to Cavillers

Appendix on Pedagogy: The Ennui Factor
Languages Across the Curriculum
Comparative and General Literature
Literary and Non-Literary Translation Workshops
Returning to Ennui Factor: A Final Manifesto

Glossary
Bibliographical References

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Translation in Systems: Descriptive and System-oriented Approaches Explained

Author:燵/b] Hermans, Theo
Publisher: St. Jerome Publishing
Year of Publication: 1999
Pages: 206

Description

The notion of systems has helped revolutionize translation studies since the 1970s. As a key part of many descriptive approaches, it has broken with the prescriptive focus on what translation should be, encouraging researchers to ask what translation does in specific cultural settings. From his privileged position as a direct participant in these developments, Theo Hermans explains how contemporary descriptive approaches came about, what the basic ideas were, and how those ideas have evolved over time. His discussion addresses the fundamental problems of translation norms, equivalence, polysystems and social systems, covering not only the work of Lev

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Deconstruction and Translation

Author:燵/b] Davis, Kathleen
Publisher: St. Jerome Publishing
Year of Publication: 2001
Pages: 120

Description

Deconstruction and Translation explains ways in which many practical and theoretical problems of translation can be rethought in the light of insights from the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. If there is no one origin, no transcendent meaning, and thus no stable source text, we can no longer talk of translation as meaning transfer or as passive reproduction. Kathleen Davis instead refers to the translator's freedom and individual responsibility. Her survey of this complex field begins from an analysis of the proper name as a model for the problem of signification and explains revised concepts of limits, singularity, generality, definitions of text, writing, iterability, meaning and intention. The implications for translation theory are then elaborated, complicating the desire for translatability and incorporating sharp critique of linguistic and communicative approaches to translation. The practical import of this approach is shown in analyses of the ways Derrida has been translated into English. In all, the text offers orientation and guidance through some of the most conceptually demanding and rewarding fields of contemporary translation theory.

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Section I: Translatability and Untranslatability

Chapter 1: Différance

Difference at the Origin

Saussure and Differences

The difference of différance

Conclusion

Chapter 2: The Limit

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Can Theory Help Translators? A Dialogue Between the Ivory Tower and the Wordface

Authors:燵/b] Chesterman, Andrew, Wagner, Emma
Publisher: St. Jerome Publishing
Year of Publication: 2002
Pages: 152

Description

This book is a dialogue between a theoretical scholar and a professional translator, about the usefulness (if any) of translation theory. Andrew Chesterman and Emma Wagner argue about the problem of the translator's identity, the history of the translator's role, the translator's visibility, translation types and strategies, translation quality, ethics, and translation aids.

For readers already working at the translation 'wordface', especially those who are sceptical of all theorizing, the book aims to challenge their view of theory. For those in the 'ivory tower', such as students, teachers and scholars, the book will strengthen the connections between theory and practice. For both groups, the book is an invitation to join the discussion.

Contents

Preface

1.

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Stylistic Approaches to Translation

Author:燵/b] Boase-Beier, Jean
Publisher: St. Jerome Publishing
Year of Publication: 2006
Pages: 184

Description

The concept of style is central to our understanding and construction of texts. But how do translators take style into account in reading the source text and in creating a target text?

This book attempts to bring some coherence to a highly interdisciplinary area of translation studies, situating different views and approaches to style within general trends in linguistics and literary criticism and assessing their place in translation studies itself. Some of the issues addressed are the link between style and meaning, the interpretation of stylistic clues in the text, the difference between literary and non-literary texts, and more practical questions about the recreation of stylistic effects. These various trends, approaches and issues are brought together in a consideration of the most recent cognitive views of style, which see it as essentially a reflection of mind.

Underlying the book is the notion that knowledge of theory can affect the way we translate. Far from being prescriptive, theories which describe what we know in a general sense can become part of what an individual translator knows, thus opening the way for greater awareness and also greater creativity in the act of translation. Throughout the discussion, the book considers how insights into the nature and importance of style might affect the actual translation of literary and non-literary texts.

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction: Style in Translation

1. The role of style in translation

1.1