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发表于 2011-4-4 15:43:46
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董桥:《人道是伤春悲秋不长进》
黄宾虹的画了不起,活到九十岁还不忘师法造化,相信「若胸有丘壑,运笔便自如畅达矣!」他说山川在天地间,朝夕不同,春秋不同,有雨有雾不同,静夜月下又不同。易言之,敏锐的观察力重要。处理语言文字也须如此:触景生情,因情造句,都是基本功。明朝名笔陈眉公跋《花史》说:「有野趣而不知乐者,樵牧是也;有果瓜而不及尝者,菜佣牙贩是也;有花木而不能享者,达官贵人是也。」这是提醒读书人心中不但要有山林,还要有花木。现代人浮皮潦草,花开花落都看不见,满脸功名利禄,过份长进了。
“One travelled to discover the past”。
清朝皇帝的宝座之旁,例有金制或铜制的两只象,象背上有瓶,谐音为『太平有象』。
张信刚认定「闭关自守的民族主义不可取,排他仇外的民族情绪更不可取。但是基於对自己民族文化的认同而产生的自信心及凝聚力却是健康的及必要的」。他婉转指出香港教育有问题,多数学生既不能真正消化西方文化,又难以通晓中国文化,民族自信心和向心力因此薄弱。
学语文要学得到家,难处不在书面语,是在口语。生动的语文都要带点口语。中国的章回小说,叙述段落不难学,难在对话。对话是口语,写得传神不容易。议论文写得文白夹杂,偶然用些口语演绎天大的道理,读来有趣。书面语可以写成四平八稳的白话文,加些口语进去,甚至加些土土的方言,往往生色。通篇是口语,是方言,必不好看。这是考技巧,靠本事
詹德隆当年做《听歌学英文》节目,正因为歌曲未必都合文法,却是地道的英语。英文版姚普光先生的《银幕英语纵横谈》专栏我天天看,学了很多「惯用法」(idiomatic expression)。姚先生日前引黄国彬论英文惯用法的文章,大见国彬英文学得到家。他说,「对於任何语言,惯用法都比文法和逻辑重要。英国人认为某人的英文好,会说He speaks idiomatic English,不会说He speaks grammatical English,也不会说He speaks logical English。」地道者,合乎语言之惯用法也。
文中有一句话是艾华士说的:「我曾经历战争,看见身边每天有人死亡,而我却活下来,在每次险告丧命的边儿,我都活了下来,……就因为我有信心。如果没有信心,就会完蛋。」艾华士想必是用英语讲的,中译少了一点点口语的味道,太「文」了。中文动几个字一定更传神:「我经历过战争,每天身边都有人死,而我竟活下来了。每次差一点没命的时候,我都活下来了……因为我有信心。没信心早就完蛋了。」中文的「如果」用得不好句子会显得累赘,能避的我都避。北京民谣酒吧老闆栗正写一首歌叫《没有我你冷不冷》,好中文!为了讲得清楚改成《如果没有我你冷不冷》,味道一定全变了。有一首国语老歌的歌词说:「如果没有你,日子怎么过」,我相信那是为了五字音节才加「如果」。
Arthur Brisbane写过十条指南,指引在职新闻记者《怎么当一名更出色的记者》(How to Be a Better Reporter)。指南第一条要求记者看得清楚,写得简明(see a thing clearly and describe it simply)。第二条要求记者记得请不起公司律师而买得起一份报纸的大众:报人忠於贫穷读者,律师忠於富裕顾客,有些报老闆忘了这一点,一富有就忘了贫穷的滋味(Keep in mind the great crowd that cannot afford to hire a corporation lawyer, but can afford a three-cent newspaper. Every newspaper man owes to his poorest reader the loyalty that a great lawyer owes to his richest client. Some newspaper owners forget that, especially after they become rich, and no longer remember how it feels to be poor).第三条提醒记者写稿要让读者读来历历如亲眼目睹(Write so that the reader will say, "I feel as though I had actually SEEN what the newspaper describes")。第四条说採访不忘拍照;一张好照片胜过写一千字,况且这是影象的时代(In reporting, don't forget to bring back PICTURES. One good picture tells more than a thousand words, and this is the picture age)。第五条劝记者写浅白简明的文字。不怕重用同一个字、同一个词:切忌忽「马」忽「骏」,忽「狗」忽「犬」,忽用「老鼠」忽用「耗子」(Don't be afraid to use the same word twice. Don't write "horse", then "equine", or "dog", then "canine", or "rat", then "rodent")。忌写花哨文章。文字越简明越有力。自然的风格是最好的风格(Avoid fancy writing. The most powerful words are simplest.)。文字最好写得读来出众听来悦耳,忌用拟声词(Make your writing striking, and musical, if you can. don't try for onomatopoeia)。
第六条鼓励记者天天养脑如养身。好报人博读群书好过暴饮暴食。职业拳师不能靠十年前吃的牛扒打赢今日的对手。报人二十年前的思想救不了近火。多读多想。吸收新知(Feed your mind as you feed your body, EVERY day. Feed your body less, and your mind more, if you want to be a good newspaper man. A prizefighter can't fight on the beefsteak he ate ten years ago. Newspaper men can't do good work on the THINKING of twenty years ago. READ AND THINK. Keep your mind open to new ideas)。呕心沥血。炼石补天。记者不热衷工作,读者反应必冷(Write with difficulty. "Work,as nature works,in fire." was Dante's advice quoted by D’Annunzip. If you do not burn as you work, readers will be cold as they read)。第七条劝记者多读佳作,一生读莎翁。莎翁是太平洋,其他文学作品是五大湖(Read as much as you can of the best writers, and read Shakepeare all through life. Compared to the rest of literature, he is like the Pacific Ocean compared to the chain of Great Lakes)。第八条依然要记者多读书,读前人之信仰与事蹟。读经典名着。读古书,看古人的写作技巧。第九条说出更多必读作家的大名,然后回头重读莎翁。第十条教记者学会删改润饰自己的原稿:删掉「非常」;尽量删掉形容词。记住法国人的至理名言:「形容词是名词的敌人」(Learn to edit your copy. Strike out "very" always. Strike out most of your adjectives, remembering the wise Frenchmen's remark: "The adjective is the enemy of the noun.")。
我很早就觉得徐先生「深受欧陆文化的感染和激荡」。除了《江湖行》甚有中国情调,他大半小说的文字是最流畅的洋化中文,连人物的心理和举止都很现代,像极了毛姆的作品。没有一位中国现代作家有徐先生这样独特的功力。徐先生晚年写的回忆小品火气傲气都在,文字却醇得惊人
What a lovely surprise to receive your letter; neat, clean, controlled-unlike my own, but like those from my dear friends.... I'm delighted that you now seem to have found your feet. You should have a much more interesting time and lead a much more gratifying existence in London than in Hong Kong.... The day has come, at long last.... I miss my soul-mates like you and all the others who've upped and gone. Peter is an interesting bloke. I haven't seen him for 6 months and I hear he's disillusioned. I'm not sure he quite knows what he wants....
Yes. The day has come, at long last,
It's a specialized business and to exercise it too long may very well unfit a man for anything else...
我又想到人家写L B Namier的一句话:“His pleasure in staying in the English country house was part of the romantic Anglomania which remained with him to the end of his days.” |
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