Language Processing 作者：Simon C. Garrod, Martin J. Pickering
Language has always been seen as a cornerstone of human intelligence yet psycholinguistics only became a recognized branch of psychology 35 years ago. At the outset it was mainly concerned with testing theories developed in linguistics following Chomsky's revolution, but since then it has become a discipline in its own right, forming a central component of cognitive science. This book is concerned with what happens when we process language - what mental operations occur during processing and how they are organized over time. It gives an account of these developments both as they relate to experimental studies of processing and as they relate to computational modeling of the processes. There are chapters covering core topics such as lexical processing, syntactic parsing and the comprehension of discourse, as well as special topics which have recently attracted interest, such as the role of morphology, reference and prosody in processing. Recent advances in the study of dialogue and psychological semantics are also discussed.
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Language Processing
作者：Simon C. Garrod, Martin J. Pickering
Edition: illustrated
由Psychology Press出版, 1999
ISBN 0863778364, 9780863778360
433 页
The Pragmatics of Making It Explicit (Benjamins Current Topics)
By Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer
* Publisher:John Benjamins Publishing Company
* Number Of Pages:237
* Publication Date:2008-10-29
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027222452
* ISBN-13 / EAN:978902722245
Table of contents
About the Authors vii
Introduction 1
Formal truth and objective reference in an inferentialist setting 7
Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer
The nature of meaning: Brandom versus Chomsky 35
Jaroslav Peregrin
The father, the son, and the daughter: Sellars, Brandom, and Millikan 53
Ruth Garrett Millikan
A deflationist theory of intentionality? Brandom’s analysis of de re
specifying attitude-ascriptions 65
Sebastian Knell
Transcendental deduction of predicative structure in Kant and Brandom 83
Sebastian R鰀l
Meaning, justification, and truth 99
Friedrich Kambartel
Motivating inferentialism: Comments on Making it Explicit (Ch. 2) 109
John McDowell
Pragmatics, Pittsburgh style 127
Daniel Laurier
Brandom’s solution to the objectivity problem 147
Peter Gr鰊ert
Keeping track of individuals: Brandom’s analysis of Kripke’s puzzle and
the content of belief 163
Carlo Penco
Scorekeeping in a defective language game 187
Kevin A. Scharp
Responses 209
Robert B. Brandom
Index of persons 231
Index of topics 233
ESP in European Higher Education: Integrating Language and Content (Aila Applied Linguistics)
By Inmaculada Fortanet-Gomez, Christine A. Raisanen
* Publisher:John Benjamins Pub Co
* Number Of Pages:285
* Publication Date:2008-07-09
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027205205
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789027205209
The AILA Applied Linguistics Series (AALS) provides a forum for scholars
in any area of Applied Linguistics. The series aims at representing the
field in its diversity. It covers different topics in applied linguistics from a
multidisciplinary approach and it aims at including different theoretical and
methodological perspectives. As an official publication of AILA the series will
include contributors from different geographical and linguistic backgrounds.
The volumes in the series should be of high quality; they should break new
ground and stimulate further research in Applied Linguistics.
Table of contents
Introduction 1
Part I ESP/EAP in Western Europe post-Bologna
The state of ESP teaching a 1. nd learning in Western European
higher education after Bologna 11
Christine R鋓s鋘en and Inmaculada Fortanet-Gómez
Part II Theoretical and educational approaches to the teaching
and learning of ESP/EAP
2. Locating the ESP space in problem-based
learning: English-
medium
degree programmes from a post-Bologna
perspective 55
Robert Wilkinson
3. Aligning EAP writing pedagogies across European universities:
A case study from France 75
Dacia Dressen-Hammouda
4. Curriculum change as a result of the introduction of the masters
program: Designing and implementing a European online thesistraining
course 97
R. E. Lankamp
5. Tackling transfer and transferability: ESP/EAP design for learning
beyond templates 117
Ann-Marie
Eriksson and Magnus Gustafsson
Part III Integrating content and language (national adaptations)
6. Content learning in business communication:
A teaching experience within the new European framework 147
Miguel F. Ruiz-Garrido and Juan Carlos Palmer-Silveira
7. Business English and the Bologna Declaration in the Netherlands:
Integrating business communication practice, content and research 165
Brigitte Planken and Catherine Nickerson
8. ethinking business presentations in
response
to the Bologna Reforms 181
Colette Gattoni
9. Implementing the Bologna process in Italy: A distinctive
approach
to language learning in domain-specific
contexts 199
Martin Solly
10. Learning to learn in ESP: Fostering lifelong learning in European
higher education under Bologna requirements 213
Ana Bocanegra-Valle
11. On the role of student research in the ESP classroom: A call for
sustainable language skills 233
Sylvana Krausse
Part IV English as the medium of teaching and communication:
Courses for staff
12. Tuning ESP/EAP for mobility, employability and expertise:
A pedagogical process of change in focus, insight, and practice 247
Anne R鋝鋘en
13. Preparing for international masters degrees at Stockholm University
and the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 267
Carol Benson, Sandra Brunsberg, Rosalind Duhs, David Minugh,
and Philip Shaw
Index 283
Working Theory: Critical Composition Studies for Students and Teachers (Series in Language and Ideology)
By Judith Goleman
* Publisher:Bergin & Garvey
* Number Of Pages:168
* Publication Date:1995-03-30
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0897893018
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780897893015
Product Description:
Goleman investigates the relationship between critical theory and composition pedagogy in extensive and methodical ways. The philosophical insights of Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, and Mikhail Bakhtin are transformed into methodologies for critical work in composition. The book rests on the premise that critical approaches to the relationship between language and ideology should not be the preserve of teachers alone, but should be seen as ways of writing and analyzing language that students can master. Critical theory provides students with an understanding of language and self, truth and knowledge that allows for intellectual insight and fluency among the discourses of their multileveled, often complex and conflict-ridden lives.
Liberating Voices: A Pattern Language for Communication Revolution
By Douglas Schuler
* Publisher:The MIT Press
* Number Of Pages:504
* Publication Date:2008-12-31
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0262693666
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780262693660
Product Description:
In recent decades we have witnessed the creation of a communication system that promises unparalleled connectedness. And yet the optimistic dreams of Internet-enabled engagement and empowerment have faded in the face of widespread Internet commercialization. In Liberating Voices, Douglas Schuler urges us to unleash our collective creativity—social as well as technological—and develop the communication systems that are truly needed.
Inspired by the vision and framework outlined in Christopher Alexander's classic 1977 book, A Pattern Language, Schuler presents a pattern language containing 136 patterns designed to meet these challenges. Using this approach, Schuler proposes a new model of social change that integrates theory and practice by showing how information and communication (whether face-to-face, broadcast, or Internet-based) can be used to address urgent social and environmental problems collaboratively.
Each of the patterns that form the pattern language (which was developed collaboratively with nearly 100 contributors) is presented consistently; each describes a problem and its context, a discussion, and a solution. The pattern language begins with the most general patterns ("Theory") and proceeds to the most specific ("Tactics"). Each pattern is a template for research as well as action and is linked to other patterns, thus forming a single coherent whole. Readers will find Liberating Voices an intriguing and informative catalog of contemporary intellectual, social, and technological innovations, a practical manual for citizen activism, and a compelling manifesto for creating a more intelligent, sustainable, and equitable world.
description
British English A to ZEd (Facts on File Library of Language and Literature)
By Norman W. Schur, Eugene H. Ehrlich
* Publisher:Facts on File
* Number Of Pages:430
* Publication Date:2001-04
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0816042381
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780816042388
Product Description:
British English A to Zed gives readers immediate access to an alphabetical listing of either the thousands of "Briticisms" cited in the general entries or the correlating "Americanisms" that appear throughout the book. This updated edition features more than 5,000 entries, including new words, both formal and slang, and words from sources as diverse as London businesses and Bridget Jones's Diary.
Summary: A funny&informative book
Rating: 5
An excellent book to enlighten anyone about the many different meanings of common words. A good book to take along, on your trip. Miss-understandings & confusion over what is meant, can be kept to a minimum. "British English" isn't "American English", there are many important differences. Purchase this book before your trip, you will be glad that you did.
Summary: Best reference of its type
Rating: 5
I write sophisticated Harry Potter fanfic, but I'm an American and I don't have much of a clue about British usages. I had been relying upon a number of Internet sources of greater or lesser quality before I saw Britisn English from A to Zed recommended in one of the writer's fora on Fictionalley. I bought it, and I must say it is smashing. There is no better reference work for American-British conversion available. It is comprehensive and understandable - also funny; I sometimes find myself just reading a series of entries for the humour value. I absolutely recommend this to anyone trying to write in the British style.
There are only two drawbacks. One, the indexing is rather rudimentary. It's sometimes hard to find what one wants. Second, it's rather dear - over $50 (
Talking Culture: Ethnography and Conversational Analysis (University of Pennsylvania publications in conduct and communication)
By Michael Moerman
* Publisher:University of Pennsylvania Press
* Number Of Pages:256
* Publication Date:1988-02
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0812280725
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780812280722
Product Description:
Argues that anyone--anthropologist, psychologist, or policeman--who uses what people say to find out what people think had better know how speech itself is organized.
Summary: The Illuminating Light of Communication
Rating: 4
Although the various essays in this book have different values, Society in a Grain of Rice, was a particularly insightful piece. Chapter One, Conversation Analysis, was not inspiring; Chapter Two, Life in Dry Dust, illuminated a conflict in people's values and how they might be shown or hidden in conversation. Chapter Four, Motives in Action, built on the earlier theme of hiding or showing material in a conversation by looking at how a researcher can find the purpose or motive in a conversation. But only Society in a Grain of Rice really connected to my imagination.
This essay looks at how words are used differently in different societies. Words like I and you, for example, are not used in Thai -- I reflected as I read this that they are similarly omitted in Arabic, Korean and Japanese. Korean has no word for "you." I remember a Japanese gentleman even commenting on how much foreigners love to talk about themselves as illustrated by the excessive use of the Japanese word for I. In fact, the Americans in the company did not speak of themselves more than their Japanese counterparts, but the Japanese people simply omitted the word, "Watashi," from the sentence when they spoke.
I reflected also on the author's mention that the word, "Khap," was often used in the rural areas of Thailand to mean, "Yes, I'm listening," and not necessarily as it was preceived to mean by foreigners and Bangkok officials, "Yes, it will be done." I reflected on the social value of the verbal listening cues so prominent in Japanese and wondered if this were the problem I have experienced living in Egypt. Is it possible that the people I discuss rowing plans with at the Rowing Club where I volunteer actually mean to say, "Yes, I hear you," and not "Yes, it will be done." Often, I find that after I ask the captain if we can do something, he says, "Yes," but then does something very different. I now realize, thanks to Mr. Moerman, that it might not be the words themselves, but their socially embedded meaning that I mistook.
Mr. Moerman's analysis of Geertz' description of the value of words triggered another revelation. Mr. Moerman argues in the book, that the meaning of the word need not be it's literal translation, but must be understood in the social process. He argues moreover that the value of spaces between the words, sounds like, "um, er, and laughter, that are not words," must be understood. I suddenly realized that the entire process of learning Arabic in Egypt is not in the words.
Arabic and Spanish are full of "honey talk," and people most frequently do not listen to the words themselves. Instead, they focus on the eyes and body language of the speaker.
"Flowers" or a collection of compliments that are woven into daily conversations making them sound more pleasant are a standard means of communicating in Arabic, Spanish and Japanese. Direct communication is less frequently used. When I commented on this to my Japanese roommate, she said something fascinating.
"It is only in America that you value vulgar talk as straight and direct, because you have so many different cultures. For other countries, like us Japanese, we do not need to be so explicit -- so vulgar -- because we can understand what we mean through subtly."
The truth of her statement struck me immediately. Egyptians do not value my straight talk, because they operate very well within the honey talk that they use. The only person struggling with the communication method is the foreign oberserver - me.
Mr. Moerman's book shed a wealth of light on communication issues I have been struggling with for years.
Syntactic Theory: A Unified Approach
By Robert Borsley
* Publisher:A Hodder Arnold Publication
* Number Of Pages:288
* Publication Date:1999-05-20
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0340706104
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780340706107
Product Description:
Syntactic theory is central to the study of language. This innovative book introduces the ideas that underlie most approaches to syntax and shows how they have been developed within two broad frameworks: Govermnet Binding Theory and Phrase Structure Grammar. Thoroughly updated in the light of major recent developments, this second edition includes expanded explanations of the main characteristics of the two theories, summaries of the main features, exercises reinforcing key points, and suggestions for further investigation.
Summary: Not a Good Introduction to Syntax
Rating: 2
This was a very disappointing book. It was used as a textbook for an undergraduate Syntactic Theory course that I took, and I just did not find it to be very understandable. There weren't enough examples of structure, and the examples that were there were often not adequately explained. Theories were not clearly distinguished, and several theories were presented at once, making it difficult to tell them apart. Some of the material was very good, especially the parts on phrase structure rules and syntactic categories. Everything after chapter 5, however, made little sense and was just too thick and murky to wade through. The sections on anaphora, passives, raising, and control were very difficult to understand. Keep in mind that this is coming from a beginner's perspective, and perhaps people with more of a background in syntax will have a much better time with it. However, as an introduction to syntactic theories and concepts it was not a very helpful book.
A Unified Theory of Verbal and Nominal Projections (Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax)
By Yoshiki Ogawa
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:336
* Publication Date:2001-11-29
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0195143876
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780195143874
Product Description:
Syntactically speaking, it has long been known that noun phrases are parallel to clauses in many respects. While most syntactic theories incorporate this principle, nouns have generally been regarded as inferior to verbs in terms of their licensing abilities, and nominal projections have been regarded as less complex than verbal projections in terms of the number of functional categories that they contain. This text, however, argues that clauses and noun phrases are perfectly parallel. This book provides a unified theory of clauses and noun phrases, ultimately helping to simplify numerous thorny issues in the syntax/morphology interface.
Infinitive Constructions with Specified Subjects: A Syntactic Analysis of the Romance Languages (Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax)
By Guido Mensching
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:288
* Publication Date:2000-07-06
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:019513303X
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780195133035
Product Description:
Overt subjects are usually considered as a property of finite clauses. However, most Romance languages permit specified subjects in a broad range of infinitive constructions. Guido Mensching analyzes this phenomenon in stages of French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and other Romance varieties.
Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective
作者：Joshua A. Fishman
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Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective
作者：Joshua A. Fishman
由NetLibrary, Incorporated出版, 1989
ISBN 0585119171, 9780585119175
Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics
作者：Sarah Grey Thomason, Terrence Kaufman
Ten years of research back up the bold new theory advanced by authors Thomason and Kaufman, who rescue the study of contact-induced language change from the neglect it has suffered in recent decades. The authors establish an important new framework for the historical analysis of all degrees of contact-induced language change.
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Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics
作者：Sarah Grey Thomason, Terrence Kaufman
Edition: reprint, illustrated
由University of California Press出版, 1992
ISBN 0520078934, 9780520078932
411 页
Language Minority Students in American Schools
作者：Hugh Douglas Adamson
Addresses questions of language education in the US, focusing on how to teach the 3.5 million students who do not speak English as a native language. Issues placed within the context of language acquisition theory and current methods of language teaching
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Language Minority Students in American Schools: An Education in English
作者：Hugh Douglas Adamson
由Routledge出版, 2005
ISBN 0805844961, 9780805844962
249 页
Word Worlds: Language, Identity and Reality in the Work of Christine Brooke-Rose (European Connections)
By Michela Canepari-Labib
* Publisher:Peter Lang Publishing
* Number Of Pages:303
* Publication Date:2002-09
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0820450804
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780820450803
Modes of Co-Reference As an Indicator of Genre (Linguistic Insights, V. 12)
By Wendy Swanson
* Publisher:Peter Lang Pub Inc
* Number Of Pages:430
* Publication Date:2003-12
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:082046855X
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780820468556
Asymmetric Events (Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research (Celcr))
By Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
* Publisher:John Benjamins Publishing Co
* Number Of Pages:287
* Publication Date:2008-05-30
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027238995
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789027238993
description:
The book introduces the concept of asymmetric events, an important concept in language and cognition, which, for the first time in linguistic literature, is identified in a more systematic way and analyzed in a number of different languages, including typologically or genetically unrelated ones. Asymmetric events are two or more events of unequal status in an utterance and papers in the volume present ways in which a linguistic description of main events in a sentence is different (morphologically, syntactically, discursively) from a description of backgrounded events. The prototypical asymmetries involving perception, cognition, and language are identified in subordination, nominalization and modification of various kinds but they extend to coordinate structures, serial verbs, spatial language and viewing arrangement, as well as part - whole relations. The perspective is broadly cognitive and functional, the authors use different though complementing methodologies, some include corpus data, and the asymmetries are shown to have a variety of stylistic and ideological implications.
An in-depth analysis of manifold asymmetries in structure and function of diverse languages makes this volume of interest to linguists of different persuasion, philosophers, cognitive researchers, discourse analysts and students of language and cognition.
Phonology and Second Language Acquisition (Studies in Bilingualism)
By Jette G. Hansen Edwards, Mary L. Zampini
* Publisher:John Benjamins Publishing Company
* Number Of Pages:380
* Publication Date:2008-03-05
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027241473
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789027241474
Product Description:
This volume is a collection of 13 chapters, each devoted to a particular issue that is crucial to our understanding of the way learners acquire, learn, and use an L2 sound system. In addition, it spans both theory and application in L2 phonology. The book is divided into three parts, with each section unified by broad thematic content: Part I, "Theoretical Issues and Frameworks in L2 Phonology," lays the groundwork for examining L2 phonological acquisition. Part II, "Second Language Speech Perception and Production," examines these two aspects of L2 speech in more detail. Finally, Part III, "Technology, Training, and Curriculum," bridges the gap between theory and practice. Each chapter examines theoretical frameworks, major research findings (both classic and recent), methodological issues and choices for conducting research in a particular area of L2 phonology, and major implications of the research findings for more general models of language acquisition and/or pedagogy.
Linguistic and Cultural Online Communication Issues in the Global Age
By Kirk St. Amant
* Publisher:IGI Global
* Number Of Pages:362
* Publication Date:2007-04-02
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:1599042134
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9781599042138
Product Description:
International online access has grown rapidly in recent years with the number of global Internet users skyrocketing. The most astounding growth, however, is taking place in developing nations. Linguistic and Cultural Online Communication Issues in the Global Age provides readers with in-depth information on the various linguistic, cultural, technological, legal, and other factors that affect interactions in online exchanges within the global age. Linguistic and Cultural Online Communication Issues in the Global Age proposes information that implements effective decisions related to the uses and designs of online media when interacting with individuals from other cultures. This comprehensive and informative title is completed by foundational knowledge needed to communicate effectively with individuals from other countries and cultures via online media.
Essay Writing for English Tests
By Gabi Duigu
* Publisher:Academic English Press
* Number Of Pages:72
* Publication Date:2002-05
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0957899610
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780957899612
Essay Writing for English Tests helps students address all the stages of essay writing. It is written for students sitting the IELTS examination and other tests such as TOEFL.
Topics covered include finding the right ideas, organising ideas and using the right language. Explanations are given of the principles of essay writing. Models and examples are included.
The Phonological Spectrum: Segmental Structure v. 1 (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory)
By Jeroen van de Weijer, Vincent J.Van Heuven, Harry Van Der Hulst
* Publisher:John Benjamins Publishing Co
* Number Of Pages:296
* Publication Date:2003-03
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027247447
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789027247445
Product Description:
The two volumes of the "Phonological Spectrum" aim at giving a comprehensive overview of current developments in phonological theory, by providing a number of papers in different areas of current theorizing which reflect on particular problems from different angles. Volume I is concerned with segmental structure, and focuses on nasality, voicing and other laryngeal features, as well as segmental timing. With respect to nasality, questions such as the phonetic underpinning of a distinctive feature and the treatment of nasal harmony are treated. As for voicing, the behaviour of voicing assimilation in Dutch is covered while its application in German is examined with an eye to its implications for the stratification of the German lexicon. In the final section of volume I, the structure of diphthongs is examined, as well as the treatment of lenition and the relation between phonetic and phonological specification in sign language.