Theoretical Comparative Syntax: Studies in Macroparameters (Routledge Leading Linguists)
By Naoki Fukui
* Publisher:Routledge
* Number Of Pages:422
* Publication Date:2006-03-07
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0415341035
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780415341035
* Binding:Hardcover
Product Description:
Theoretical Comparative Syntax brings together for the first time, significant essays and articles by Naoki Fukui, exploring various topics in the areas of syntactic theory and comparative syntax.
Ideology and Image: Britain and Language (Multilingual Matters)
By D. E. Ager
* Publisher:Multilingual Matters Limited
* Number Of Pages:218
* Publication Date:2003-05
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:1853596604
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9781853596605
* Binding:Hardcover
Product Description:
This text describes and evaluates recent language planning and policy in the British Isles. Issues including minority language rights, language resources for the state and the citizen, and problems such as the standard English battle and policy for Welsh and Gaelic are analysed against the background of detailed study of contemporary British society and politics.
Modern Languages and Learning Strategies: In Theory and Practice
By Michae Grenfell
* Publisher:Routledge
* Number Of Pages:176
* Publication Date:1999-11-03
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0415178681
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780415178686
* Binding:Paperback
Product Description:
This book looks firstly at the many ways in which languages can be taught, an secondly at case studies that highlight the practical methods that will help teachers get the best results
Cultural Semantics: Keywords of Our Time (Critical Perspectives on Modern Culture X)
By Martin Jay
* Publisher:University of Massachusetts Press
* Number Of Pages:263
* Publication Date:1998-02
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:1558491155
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9781558491151
* Binding:Hardcover
Product Description:
A leading intellectual historian explores some of the reigning assumptions and imperatives of our age A selection of Martin Jay's recent writings on contemporary thought and culture, this is a book about ideas that matter -- and about why ideas matter. Borrowing from Flaubert's notion of a dictionary of "received ideas" and Raymond Williams's explorations of the "keywords" of the modern age, Jay investigates some of the central concepts by which we currently organize our thoughts and lives. His topics range from "theory" and "experience" to the meaning of "multiculturalism" and the dynamics of cultural "subversion". Among the thinkers he engages are Bataille and Foucault, Adorno and Lacoue-Labarthe, Walter Benjamin, Christa Wolf, and Jean-Francois Lyotard. By looking closely at what "words do and perform", Jay makes us aware of the extent to which the language we use mediates and shapes our experience. By helping to distance us from much that we now take for granted, he makes it difficult for us to remain comfortably certain about what we think we know. Elegantly written and richly insightful, this is a work of cultural criticism and intellectual analysis of the first order.
Helping English Language Leaners Succeed (Practical Strategies for Successful Classrooms)
By Zuniga; Dunlap
* Publisher:Shell Education
* Number Of Pages:172
* Publication Date:2007-04-26
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:1425803814
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9781425803810
Product Description:
Just what you were looking for-books especially designed for new teachers, pre-service educators, or anyone who is interested in current educational theory and practice. Up-to-date, research-based theory and practical applications make these an invaluable learning tool as well as a perfect quick reference. Perfect for staff development sessions!
The Dynamics of Linguistic Variation: Corpus Evidence on English Past and Present (Studies in Language Variation)
By Terttu Nevalainen, Irma Taavitsainen, Paivi Pahta, Minna Korhonen
* Publisher:John Benjamins Publishing Co
* Number Of Pages:339
* Publication Date:2008-12-30
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027234825
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789027234827
English Grammar (COBUILD)
By University of Alabama, Ramesh Khrishmurthy, Steve Bullon, John Todd, Elizabeth Manning
* Publisher:Thomson Learning
* Number Of Pages:448
* Publication Date:1990
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:000370257X
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780003702576
* Binding:Paperback
Summary: A new kind of pedagogic grammar
Rating: 5
The editors, working within the framework of the COBUILD project, have put together an excellent study aid for advanced learners of English and for teachers of English as a foreign language. The departure point for this book was the 100 million word electronic corpus of texts of the COBUILD project. These texts, representative of the language, were analyzed for frequency of words and for their patterning. The grammar is the second main work which resulted from this initiative by Birmingham University and Collins, the other being a Dictionary. All the examples in the book are taken from this enormous database, and there are 'real' rather than made up to illustrate a point. The other useful feature is boxes of words that behave like the point under discussion. This allows users to 'do things' with the langauge rather than just understand it.
The Language of Turn and Sequence (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics)
By Cecilia E. Ford, Barbara A. Fox, Sandra A. Thompson
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:304
* Publication Date:2002-02-28
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0195124898
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780195124897
Description This collection of previously unpublished, cutting-edge research discusses the conversational analytic (CA) approach to understanding language use. The book places a special emphasis on what the methods and findings of CA can offer to discourse-functional linguistics.
A central feature of the CA enterprise is the close analysis of the interactional constructions of turns and attention to sequential action in the production and interpretation of interactional meanings and local social structures. This fine-grained approach to conversational language use has resulted in a rich accumulation of findings based on common methods and concepts.
The unifying theme for the chapters in this volume is the intersection of interactional practice and linguistic form in the contexts of and through the co-construction of turns and sequences, as these are defined in the groundbreaking works in CA. In this spirit, this collection of studies focuses on moment-by-moment interactions as the sites for the recurrent emergence and deployment of particular structures and forms in talk. The studies work with talk in naturally occurring activities in English, Japanese, and Finnish.
This volume reveals the latest thinking on how interactants manage complex relationships between turn construction and sequential placement in order to give meaning to even the smallest of gestures and tokens of talk. It will be of interest to linguists as well as those in fields which touch upon language and the structure of social interaction: anthropology, sociology, communications, and applied linguistics.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction , Cecilia E. Ford, Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson
2. Constituency and the Grammar of Turn Increments , Cecilia E. Ford, Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson
3. Cultivating Prayer , Lisa Capps and Elinor Ochs
4. Producing Sense with Nonsense Syllables: Turn and Sequence in Conversations with a Man with Severe Aphasia , Charles Goodwin, Marjorie H. Goodwin, and David Olsher
5. Contingent Achievement of Co-Tellership in a Japanese Conversation: An Analysis of Talk, Gaze and Gesture , Makoto Hayashi, Junko Mori, and Tomoyo Tagaki
6. Saying What Wasn't Said: Negative Observation as a Linguistic Resource for the Interactional Achievement of Performance Feedback , Sally Jacoby and Patrick Gonzales
7. Recipient Activities: The Particle No as a Go-Ahead Response in Finnish Conversations , Marja-Leena Sorjonen
8. Oh -Prefaced Responses to Assessments: A Method of Modifying Agreement/Disagreement , John Heritage
9. Turn-Sharing: The Choral Co-Production of Talk-in-Interaction , Gene H. Lerner
10. Some Linguistic Aspects of Closure Cut-Off , Robert Jasperson
Index
English Literature and Ancient Languages
By Kenneth Haynes
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:224
* Publication Date:2003-12-11
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0199261903
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780199261901
Product Description:
This is a study of the presence of Greek and Latin in British literature since the Renaissance. While the influence of Greek and Roman literature on British literature has been extensively surveyed, the role of those ancient languages themselves within modern British literature has only begun to be studied. This book is a study of the literary representation and dramatization of English in contact with Greek and Latin.
Table of Contents
Introduction
1Multilingualism in Literature12Varieties of Languages Purism403The Interference of Latin with English Literature744Some Greek Influences on English Poetry1045Apollo, Dionysus, and Nineteenth-Century English and German Poetry138
Notes174
Further Reading203
Index207
Discourse and Context: A Sociocognitive Approach
By Teun A. Van Dijk
* Publisher:Cambridge University Press
* Number Of Pages:288
* Publication Date:2008-09-01
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0521895596
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780521895590
* Binding:Hardcover
Product Description:
How do social situations influence language use, discourse and conversation? This book is the first monograph to present a multidisciplinary theory of context and the way context influences language use and discourse. Unlike in earlier approaches, contexts are not defined as objective social 'variables', such as gender or age. Rather, they are constructs of the participants themselves, that is, 'subjective definitions of the communicative situation' that are made explicit in the new sociocognitive notion of context models. These models dynamically control all language use, make sure that discourses are appropriate in the communicative situation and hence are the basis of pragmatics. In this book, context models are studied especially from a (socio) linguistic and cognitive perspective. In another book published by Cambridge University Press, Society and Discourse, Teun A. van Dijk develops the social psycho颅logical, sociological and anthro颅pological dimensions of the theory of context.
Talking Proper: The Rise of Accent As Social Symbol
By Lynda Mugglestone
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:368
* Publication Date:2003-04-10
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0199250618
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780199250615
Synopsis
Talking Proper is a history of the rise and fall of the English accent as a badge of cultural, social, and class identity. Lynda Mugglestone traces the origins of the phenomenon in late eighteenth-century London, follows its history through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and charts its downfall during the era of New Labor. This is a witty, readable account of a fascinating subject, liberally spiced with quotations from English speech and writing over the past 250 years.
"This book provides an exceptionally well-documented description of the rise of a socially dominant accent in Britain. . . The book offers a fascinating and authoritative insight into the rise (and fall?) of RP with a valuable, wide-ranging collection of well-researched data that is always clearly and carefully presented."--Linguist List 14.2117
BiographyLynda Mugglestone is News International Lecturer in Language and Communication, University of Oxford and Fellow in English Language and Literature, Pembroke College, Oxford.
Pronouns (Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory)
By D. N. S. Bhat
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:336
* Publication Date:2004-02-12
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0199269122
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780199269129
Synopsis
On the basis of a cross-linguistic study of more than 250 languages, this book brings to light several fascinating characteristics of pronouns. Dr Bhat argues that these words do not form a single category, but rather two different categories called 'personal pronouns' and 'proforms'. He points out several differences between the two, such as the occurrence of a dual structure among proforms but not among personal pronouns. These differences are shown to derive from the distinct functions that the two categories have to perform in language.
The book also shows that the so-called interrogative pronouns of familiar languages are less concerned with interrogation than with indefiniteness. The author shows that the notion of indefiniteness that can be associated with these and other pronouns is quite different from the one that can be associated with noun phrases. He goes on to postulate certain typological distinctions such as 'two-person' and 'three-person' languages and 'free-pronoun' and 'bound-pronoun' languages.
BiographyD.N.S. Bhat retired in 1995 as Research Scientist, University Grants Commission, at the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. He has been Professor of Linguistics in Manipur University, Imphal and International School of Dravidian Linguistics, Tiruvananthapuram, and Reader in Tibeto-Burman linguistics in Deccan College, Pune. He was also a British Council Fellow and a Research Associate in the Language Universals Project of Stanford University. He has written several books both in English and Kannada, which include The Prominence of Tense, Aspect and Mood (1999), The Adjectival Category (1994), Grammatical Relations (1991), Referents of Noun Phrases (1979), and The Syntax and Semantics of Kannada Sentences (in Kannada, 1978).
Syntactic Heads and Word Formation (Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax)
By Marit Julien
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:416
* Publication Date:2002-09-26
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0195149505
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780195149500
Product Description:
Marit Julien investigates the relation between morphology and syntax, or more specifically, the relation between the form of inflected verbs and the position of those verbs. She surveys 530 languages and shows that, with the exception of agreement markers, the positioning of verbal inflectional markers relative to verb stems is compatible with a syntactic approach to morphology.
Introduction: An Overview of the Work
The topic of this book is the formation of morphologically complex words. That
is, it deals with the mechanisms of grammar that may cause two or more of the
minimal meaningful elements of language—the morphemes—to be combined
into one single word. The claim that will be developed in much more detail in
the following chapters is that word formation is mainly a matter of syntax. That
is, the basic building blocks of syntax are individual morphemes, not words,
and it is the syntax that determines the order of morphemes within each complex
word, in very much the same way as it determines the order of words in phrases
and sentences.
But notably, I also argue that the notion of 'word' itself cannot be defined in
syntactic terms. Rather, it appears that the only criteria that can be used to detect
the words in any string of speech are distributional ones. Thus, for speakers as
well as for linguists, a word is a morpheme sequence that shows cohesion internally
and has independent distribution externally.
If words are characterized by their distributional properties, it follows that it
is not necessarily correct to associate the word with one particular type of syntactic
constituent, such as X°. A necessary condition for two morphemes to form a
word is that they are linearly adjacent and that this adjacency is a recurrent
pattern in the language in question. My claim is that this is also a sufficient
condition: when two morphemes regularly appear immediately adjacent to each
other, the two morphemes will tend to be seen as one grammatical word.
Now if a morpheme X precedes a morpheme Y and there is a word XY, there
are at least three different syntactic relations that may obtain between the syntactic
nodes X and Y. The two nodes may be contained in a complex syntactic
head, or X may be the final element of a constituent in Spec-YP, or Y may be
the head of the complement of XP, provided that there is no phonologically
realized material in the specifier position of that complement. But if morphemes
may combine into words in any of these three configurations, it follows that
grammar does not have at its disposal any operations that specifically form
words. On this view, words are perceived rather than formed. That is, the word
in the nonphonological sense is an epiphenomenon that really has no status in
grammar.
In this work, the predictions concerning morpheme ordering that follow from
the approach just sketched are tested against the patterns of verbal inflection
found in a broad sample of languages drawn from all over the world. The conclusion
is that the predictions are borne out to a considerable degree. Even if this
does not prove that the syntactic approach is correct, it certainly suggests that
the syntactic approach is the more adequate one, since it requires fewer auxiliary
assumptions than competing lexical theories.
The study is greatly inspired by the Distributed Morphology approach of
Halle and Marantz (1993, 1994). The theory that I develop, however, makes use
of a smaller set of word-forming tools than Distributed Morphology does. First,
I do not recognize the operation referred to by Halle and Marantz as morphological
merger, which is the operation whereby structurally adjacent heads can be
joined under a zero level node even in the absence of head movement; second, I
do not allow the actual order of morphemes to be attributed to the properties of
individual affixes. Instead, in my theory the surface order of morphemes is a
direct consequence of syntax.
The work is organized as follows. Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the
field of inquiry that I will be concerned with and to the theoretical framework
that I am going to assume. I begin with a brief recapitulation of the history of
lexicalist and nonlexicalist approaches to word formation within the generative
tradition. After that I give an outline of the model of grammar on which the
study is based. This model is characterized by the assumptions that syntactic
structures are built from abstract morphemes and that the phonological shape of
these morphemes is only determined at Spell-Out—that is, at a stage where the
base-generated morpheme order, and even the number of morphemes, may have
been altered by subsequent syntactic operations.
I then go on to deal with various definitions of the concept 'word'. The
conclusion of this discussion is that 'word' in a nonphonological sense is a label
for morpheme strings that share certain distributional properties. Apart from
this, the concept 'word' is of very little relevance to grammar.
In the final section of chapter 1 I present some results from a survey I have
conducted of verbal morphology and word order in a sample of 530 languages,
representing 280 genera from all over the world. It appears, for example, that if
the tense markers of natural languages are classified according to their realization
relative to the verb stem—as prefix, suffix, free proposed marker, or free
postposed marker—one sees that these types are not evenly distributed across
languages. Not only are certain types of tense markers generally preferred over
others but also there are observable correlations between certain tense marker
types and certain word orders within the clause. It is these interdependencies that
are explored in more depth in the remainder of the work.
The topic of chapter 2 is head-to-head movement, a process which is widely
assumed to be a word-forming one. However, there are still quite a few questions
pertaining to head movement that have not been conclusively answered.
The first problem that I take up in chapter 2 is the trigger for head movement. In
the checking theory of Chomsky (1993, 1995), where words come fully inflected
from the lexicon, the only trigger for movement is the need to check the features
of the moving element and of the attractor. In theories that deal more explicitly
with word formation, be it in syntax or in a syntax-like component of the lexicon,
the concept of morphological subcategorization has played a central part.
Thus, it is often assumed that if a lexical root adjoins to an inflectional marker,
it is because the inflectional marker subcategorizes morphologically for an
element of that particular lexical class. Conversely, in the apparently exceptional
cases where root and inflection marker do not combine morphologically,
although one would expect them to do so, many theorists have proposed that it
is because the root does not meet the morphological subcategorization require
ments of the inflectional marker and that these requirements may then trigger the
insertion of auxiliaries in such constructions.
I propose instead that head movement is triggered by a strong head feature in
the attracting head. That is, if a head has a strong head feature it will attract the
next head down. However, the derivation will crash if the complement feature of
the attractor is not checked. Hence, the head movement operation is only successful
if the head of the complement satisfies both the head feature and the
complement feature of the attracting head. That is, for any given X°, its
complement feature will ensure that the complement of X° is of the right
category. Now if X° always has a complement of the category YP, and the head
Y° of that complement is always attracted to X°, the consequence is that X° in
all its occurrences forms a complex head with a Y°. Hence, X° will have the
appearance of an affix. In this way, the concept of morphological subcategorization
is reformulated in syntactic terms.
While the concept of feature checking is thus retained, my proposal differs
from that of Chomsky (1993, 1995) in that I argue that words do not come fully
inflected from the lexicon but, instead, morphemes are inserted separately into
syntactic structures, so that syntactic movement may have morphological consequences.
The next topic of chapter 2 is excorporation. The question of excorporation is
crucial to a theory like the one I am developing here, since if excorporation is
possible—if a head may move through another head—two heads need not be
adjacent at Spell-Out even if they constitute a complex head at an earlier stage of
the derivation. Then the connection between head movement and word formation
becomes rather loose. After taking both theoretical and empirical arguments into
consideration, I conclude that excorporation is not possible and that the morpheme
order inside a word formed by head movement is tightly conditioned by
the underlying sequence of heads.
I then go on to deal with 'morphological merger', an operation which has
been proposed in order to account for certain cases of word formation where head
movement is claimed to be absent. My conclusion is that it would be better to
refrain from assuming this operation. After that, chapter 2 is rounded off with a
discussion of the word properties of complex syntactic heads.
In chapter 3 I turn to a discussion of head-final languages. The analysis I
propose of the syntax of these languages is based on the suggestion in Kayne
(1994) that head-final order combined with suffixing and agglutinating morphology
might be the result of successive movements of complements to specifier
positions or, more precisely, of the complement of every head H in IP to the
Spec of HP. In my analysis, this movement is triggered by the complementselectional
features of the complement-taking heads in IP, which take effect in
the absence of strong head features and strong features triggering argument
raising.
In addition, I show that head-final languages tend to make extensive use of
movement to the CP-domain. This latter type of movement is what lies behind
the dislocation phenomena traditionally referred to as 'scrambling'. My claim is
that movement to the CP-domain, which can have profound consequences for
the ordering of clausal constituents, is triggered by discourse-related features.
Chapter 4 deals with prefixed verbal inflectional markers. I argue that since
neither the head movement analysis nor the movement-to-Spec analysis can be
extended to these markers, it must be the case that when an inflectional marker
is prefixed to a verb root, the inflectional marker and the verb root represent
syntactic heads that have not been moved with respect to each other. That is, the
prefix is simply the spellout of a head that is in a higher position than the root
it combines with. Such an element can be seen as part of the verbal word if it
regularly appears in front of the verb and if it cannot be separated from the verb
by phrasal constituents. We then have a complex word which is not the outcome
of any particular operation but just the consequence of the distributional properties
of the morpheme string that makes up the word.
While chapters 2 through 4 are thus concerned with the question of how individual
inflectional markers come to precede or follow the verb, chapter 5 is an
attempt at giving an overview of the distribution within clauses of the verb root
and of verbal inflectional markers. The positioning of verbal markers in different
word orders is discussed along with the relative ordering of various inflectional
markers—in particular tense and aspect markers. It appears that the patterns that
we find can all be derived syntactically from a uniform base order and that data
which have been pointed to as counterevidence of the syntactic approach to word
formation also allow analyses that are not in conflict with the view that word
formation is syntactic.
However, while the syntactic approach to word formation implies that individual
morphemes are associated with separate syntactic heads, a brief examination
of agreement markers reveals that agreement markers must be analyzed
differently from other verbal inflectional markers. There is much more variation
to be found cross-linguistically in the distribution of agreement markers than
what I have shown to be the case with markers of other categories. Together with
the insight that agreement markers are also different from other inflectional
markers in that they have no independent content, this leads to the conclusion
that agreement markers do not in themselves represent syntactic heads but,
instead, agreement markers spell out features that are added to heads whose basic
content is something else.
In the last main chapter, chapter 6,1 raise the question of whether grammar
has a separate morphology module. If complex words are formed in syntax, one
might think that there is nothing left for such a module to do. However, there
are cases where the relation between the morphemes in the surface order and the
underlying sequence of syntactic heads is not as straightforward as the
discussion in the preceding chapters has suggested. The relevant phenomena,
which might be taken to be the workings of morphology, are discontinuous
marking, fused marking, allomorphy, and syncretism.
Concerning discontinuous marking, I argue that it does not really exist; what
we have instead is two markers that combine to give a particular meaning. As
for fused marking, it is the process whereby two sister nodes coalesce, leaving
only one terminal that will be spelled out by one single lexical item. This can
be seen as an essentially syntactic operation, which is ultimately contingent on
the contents of the lexicon.........................
Grammar and Vocabulary for Cambridge Advanced and Proficiency: Without Key (Grammar & vocabulary)
By Richard Side, Guy Wellman
* Publisher:Longman
* Number Of Pages:264
* Publication Date:2002-05-24
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0582518229
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780582518223
Product Description:
*Designed for all advanced students. Fully updated in line with the enw CPE exam, this New Edition provides thorough coverage of the structures and vocabulary essential for CAE and CPE exam success. *Detailed grammar content. Clear presentation, an index of structures and a wealth of examples based on the Longman Corpus. *Special focus on vocabulary. Revised vocabulary sections based on user feedback concentrate on words and phrases that are useful in all papers of the exams. *Lots of opportunity to practise. A wide variety of exercises provide graded practice to confirm understanding and prepare for the CAE and proficiency exams, particularly Paper 3. *Continuous testing in exam format. A diagnostic test for each unit and exam practice sections to check progress. *A flexible approach. Can be used in many different ways; clear cross-references point you in the direction of related grammar or vocabulary areas.
Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory
Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory (Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, 16)
By Bambi B. Schieffelin, Kathryn A. Woolard, Paul V. Kroskrity
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:352
* Publication Date:1998-05-28
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0195105613
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780195105612
* Binding:Hardcover
Product Description:
"Language ideologies" are cultural representations, whether explicit or implicit, of the intersection of language and human beings in a social world. Mediating between social structures and forms of talk, such ideologies are not only about language. Rather, they link language to identity, power, aesthetics, morality and epistemology. Through such linkages, language ideologies underpin not only linguistic form and use, but also significant social institutions and fundamental nottions of person and community.
The essays in this new volume examine definitions and conceptions of language in a wide range of societies around the world. Contributors focus on how such defining activity organizes language use as well as institutions such as religious ritual, gender relations, the nation-state, schooling, and law. Beginning with an introductory survey of language ideology as a field of inquiry, the volume is organized in three parts. Part I, "Scope and Force of Dominant Conceptions of Language," focuses on the propensity of cultural models of language developed in one social domain to affect linguistic and social behavior across domains. Part II, "Language Ideology in Institutions of Power," continues the examination of the force of specific language beliefs, but narrows the scope to the central role that language ideologies play in the functioning of particular institutions of power such as schooling, the law, or mass media. Part III, "Multiplicity and Contention among Ideologies," emphasizes the existence of variability, contradiction, and struggles among ideologies within any given society. This will be the first collection of work to appear in this rapidly growing field, which bridges linguistic and social theory. It will greatly interest linguistic anthropologists, social and cultural anthropologists, sociolinguists, historians, cultural studies, communications, and folklore scholars.
Structuring Sense: Volume II: The Normal Course of Events
By Hagit Borer
* Publisher:Oxford University Press, USA
* Number Of Pages:414
* Publication Date:2005-03-24
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:0199263914
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9780199263912
* Binding:Hardcover
Product Description:
Structuring Sense explores the difference between words however defined and structures however constructed. It sets out to demonstrate over three volumes, of which this is the first, that the explanation of linguistic competence should be shifted from lexical entry to syntactic structure, from memory of words to manipulation of rules. Its reformulation of how grammar and lexicon interact has profound implications for linguistic, philosophical, and psychological theories about human mind and language.
Hagit Borer departs from both constructional approaches to syntax and the long generative tradition that uses the word as the nucleus around which the syntax grows. She argues that the hierarchical, abstract structures of language are universal, not language specific, and that language variation emerges from the morphological and phonological properties of inflectional material.
The Normal Course of Events applies this radical approach to event structure. Integrating research results in syntax, semantics, and morphology, the author shows that argument structure is based on the syntactic realization of semantic event units. The topics she addresses include the structure of internal arguments and of telic and atelic interpretations, accusative and partitive case, perfective and imperfective marking, the unaccusative-unergative distinction, existential interpretation and post-verbal subjects, and resultative constructions. The languages discussed include English, Catalan, Finnish, Hebrew, Czech, Polish, Russian, and Spanish.
A Companion to the History of the English Language (Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture)
By Haruko Momma, Michael Matto
* Publisher:Wiley-Blackwell
* Number Of Pages:728
* Publication Date:2008-09-02
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:1405129921
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9781405129923
Product Description:
A Companion to the History of the English Language addresses the linguistic, cultural, social, and literary approaches to language study. The first text to offer a complete survey of the field, this volume provides the most up-to-date insights of leading international scholars.
* An accessible reference to the history of the English language
* Comprises more than sixty essays written by leading international scholars
* Aids literature students in incorporating language study into their work
* Includes an historical survey of the English language, from its Germanic and Indo- European beginnings to modern British and American English
* Enriched with maps, diagrams, and illustrations from historical publications
* Introduces the latest scholarship in the field
Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (The Language Library)
By David Crystal
* Publisher:Wiley-Blackwell
* Number Of Pages:560
* Publication Date:2008-06-23
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:1405152974
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9781405152976
Product Description:
David Crystal’s A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics has long been the standard single-volume reference for its field. Now available in its sixth edition, it has been revised and updated to reflect the latest terms in the field.
* Includes in excess of 5,100 terms, grouped into over 3,000 entries
* Coverage reflects recommendations by a team of experts in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, making it exceptionally comprehensive
* Incorporates new ideas stemming from the minimalist program
* Contains a separate table of abbreviations and table of symbols, along with an updated International Phonetic Alphabet
* Updates entries to reflect the way established terms are now perceived in light of changes in the field, providing a unique insight into the historical development of linguistics
* Remains the standard single-volume reference for the field of linguistics and phonetics.
Summary: Useful
Rating: 4
This dictionary is well designed and informative. However, I must admit that I find that the "Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics" by P. H. Matthews is more likely to have the term I am looking for than this volume. I do not look up many phonetic terms, though, so any deficiency of Matthews in this regard vis a vis Crystal has not been an issue for me.
I would recommend that students get Matthews' volume first, if they can't afford both volumes at once. Then get Crystal's book when you can, since more than one dictionary of linguistic terminology is always useful.
Summary: Very useful
Rating: 5
As a first year Master's student in TESOL, I have to read a lot of linguistics-related articles/books, and I am learning much of the terminology as I go. This book has saved me hours of googling for an adequate definition of unfamiliar terms/theories. If you have an interest in linguisitics, this book is a vital aid in making the literature accessible. Whether you are a beginner or not, this book should be a part of your library.
Summary: Great resource for linguists
Rating: 5
The best general dictionary of linguitics on the market. I always find the words I'm looking for in this volume. Great reference book.
Summary: Nothing more than it says
Rating: 4
Lucid prose. Good examples. Decent range. This dictionary is nothing more than it advertises. It is not an encyclopedia and therefore goes into very little depth. But it does collate terms from a broad range of disciplines within linguistics and has helped a novice like me become familiar with them (if not an expert). It is expecially good at describing how the meanings of terms have changed over time, or how they are employed in different contexts or sub-fields of linguistics.
Summary: David Crystal gets right to the point
Rating: 4
the book is especially useful when preparing for an examination, because it gives that kind of information you are looking for, by getting right to the point. Very helpful are the cross-references which can serve as guidelines for further searches. David Crystal gives detailed and exact definitions of the most important terms of linguistics and phonetics, but he neglects some of the key terminology of historical linguistics. Looking for definitions in this field of study, one should rather consult Hartmann / Storck:Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. However, particularly in the field of phonetics and phonology the book is an undefeatable source of information.
Topics in Language Resources for Translation and Localisation (Benjamins Translation Library)
By Elia Yuste Rodrigo
* Publisher:John Benjamins Publishing Company
* Number Of Pages:236
* Publication Date:2008-11-12
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9027216886
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789027216885
Language Resources (LRs) are sets of language data and descriptions in machine readable form, such as written and spoken language corpora, terminological databases, computational lexica and dictionaries, and linguistic software tools. Over the past few decades, mainly within research environments, LRs have been specifically used to create, optimise or evaluate natural language processing (NLP) and human language technologies (HLT) applications, including translation-related technologies. Gradually the infrastructures and exploitation tools of LRs are being perceived as core resources in the language services industries and in localisation production settings. However, some efforts ought yet to be made to raise further awareness about LRs in general, and LRs for translation and localisation in particular to a wider audience in all corners of the world. Topics in Language Resources for Translation and Localisation sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and underscores the usefulness that LRs can potentially have in the process of creating, adapting, managing, standardising and leveraging content for more than one language and culture from various perspectives.
Table of contents
Introduction
vii–xii
1. A comparative evaluation of bilingual concordancers and translation memory systems
Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlow
1–22
2. Interactive reference grammars: Exploiting parallel and comparable treebanks for translation
Silvia Hansen-Schirra
23–37
3. Corpora for translator education and translation practice
Silvia Bernardini and Sara Castagnoli
39–55
4. CORP覩RAFO V.4: Tools for educating translators
Belinda Maia
57–70
5. The real use of corpora in teaching and research contexts
Carme Colominas and Toni Badia
71–88
6. The use of corpora in translator training in the African language classroom: A perspective from South Africa
Rachélle Gauton
89–106
7. CAT tools in international organisations: Lessons learnt from the experience of the Languages Service of the United Nations Office at Geneva
Marie-Josée De Saint Robert
107–119
8. Global content management: Challenges and opportunities for creating and using digital translation resources
Gerhard Budin
121–134
9. BEYTrans: A Wiki-based environment for helping online volunteer translators
Youcef Bey, Christian Boitet and Kyo Kageura
135–150
10. Standardising the management and the representation of multilingual data: The Multi Lingual Information Framework
Samuel Cruz-Lara, Nadia Bellalem, Julien Ducret and Isabelle Kramer
151–172
11. Tagging and tracing Program Integrated Information
Naotaka Kato and Makoto Arisawa
173–194
12. Linguistic resources and localisation
Reinhard Sch鋖er
195–214
Index
215–220
“Over recent decades, the breathtaking evolution of resources for application to human translation practice has left researchers, practitioners, training specialists, and students of the discipline scurrying to keep abreast of developments in both academic and industry venues. In this new contribution to the Benjamins Translation Library, Elia Yuste has brought together a round dozen of leading experts to address a spectrum of topics ranging through corpus applications, content management, community computing, and standards development, rounding out the excursion with a view of the latest trends in resources for localization frameworks. This text provides the experienced "techie" with a state-of-the-art overview, while offering a sound introduction to newcomers to the field.”
Sue Ellen Wright, Kent State University
Corpus Linguistics 25 Years on. (Language and Computers 62) (Language & Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics)
By FACCHINETTI; Roberta
* Publisher:Editions Rodopi
* Number Of Pages:391
* Publication Date:2007-04-20
* ISBN-10 / ASIN:9042021950
* ISBN-13 / EAN:9789042021952
Product Description:
This volume offers a state-of-the-art picture of work undertaken in the field of computer-aided corpus linguistics. While the focus is on English, central insights can be generalised to other languages, as well. As a work intended to mark the Silver Jubilee of ICAME, the International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English, the book combines surveys of the discipline by some of its major pioneers, including founders of ICAME itself, with cutting-edge work by younger scholars. It is divided into three sections: Overviewing years of corpus linguistic studies, Descriptive studies in English syntax and semantics , and Second Language Acquisition, parallel corpora and specialist corpora . The book bears witness to the impressive advances that have characterised the development of corpus linguistics over the past few decades from terminological issues to practical applications, from theoretical and descriptive research to applied approaches, from monolingual to multilingual and specialist corpora, from corpus design to corpus exploitation tools. Roberta Facchinetti is Professor of English at the University of Verona, Italy. Her research field and publications are mainly concerned with language description textual analysis and pragmatics. This is done mostly by means of computerized corpora of both synchronic and diachronic English. ***Contents*** Roberta FACCHINETTI: Introduction *** 1. Overviewing 25 years of corpus linguistic studies *** Jan SVARTVIK: Corpus linguistics 25+ years on *** Antoinette RENOUF: Corpus development 25 years on: from super-corpus to cyber-corpus *** Stig JOHANSSON: Seeing through multilingual corpora *** Anne WICHMANN: Corpora and spoken discourse *** 2. Descriptive studies in English syntax and semantics *** Michael STUBBS: An example of frequent English phraseology: distributions, structures and functions *** Ylva BERGLUND and Christopher WILLIAMS: The semantic properties of going to: distribution patterns in four subcorpora of