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发表于 2008-4-16 16:51:04
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Evolution in the Courtroom: A Reference Guide
By Randy Moore
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Publisher: ABC-Clio
Number Of Pages: 381
Publication Date: 2001-12
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 157607420X
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781576074206
Binding: Hardcover
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Summary: Staying Rational Amidst Religious Faith and Fervor
Rating: 4
Moore provides a well written and documented reference. Frequently critical thinking, educated, "fair" and systematic people are caught off guard by claims and statements from those with strong political, religious, social and scientific beliefs. Moore is a rational, calm source for information regarding the role and conflicts over evolution and supernatural beliefs. Subjective decisions have often ended up in the courts. What was the outcome and what were the implications for subsequent conflicts and decisions.
Who were the players and decision makers. What conflicts and decisions have been revisited, after it was assumed a point had been resolved? How do I keep names, places and arguments straight?! Where did players end up, what do they look like, and how did they conduct their lives after living through trying times? Moore is an excellent source for teachers, scientists, attorneys, judges, school boards and administrators, parents, journalists, legislators and the general public.
Moore organizes his overview in 11 main sections: 1) "In the Beginning . . ." marks how fundamentalists, having waged a successful campaign to outlaw alcohol following WWI, turned their attention to Charles Darwin. Fundamentalist preacher "Billy" Sunday's theatrical services that linked evolution with eugenics, prostitution and crime. 2) State of Tennessee v. Scopes (1925) chronicles prosecutor and orator William Jennings Bryan, a fading influence in the Democratic party who needed a "great cause" like the antievolution campaign to prop up his political aspiration, and John Scopes, a science teacher who volunteered to be tried for teaching human evolution in public school, contrary to recently enacted state law. This was the "trial of the century" where Darrow and Bryan went hed-to-head in a "clash of faith vs. science."
3) "This Is The Bible, Buddy" Epperson v. Arkansas (1965) second year biology teacher Susan Epperson agreed to test Arkansas law after Central High School adopted a new text, "Modern Biology" which would subject teachers to being criminally prosecuted and fired. This was the first challenge since Scopes. 4) Epperson's Wake discusses how Biological Sciences Curriculum texts were outlawed in Texas and creationists became increasingly politically active. In 1979 Kelly Seagraves petitioned to block the Scientific Framework for California Public Schools. Another "trial of the century" resulted but a courtroom trial was precluded for religious challenges to evolution. Multiple creationist challenges were raised across the country and Whitcomb and Morris ("The Genesis Flood") revived Price's flood geology and triggered the revival of creationism in the US. Attorney Wendell Bird (Louisiana) joined the Institute for Creation Research and worked for the concept of "equal time" and "balanced treatment."
5) McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education (1980) involved the state legislature, Arkansas Board of Education included an analysis of what is science and what is not, destroyed the legal credibility of "creation science." 6) Edwards v. Aguillard tested Louisiana's Balanced Treatment law ending in the law being overturned by the US Supreme Court in 1987. 7) Evolution - Creationism controversy raged involving cased in Illinois, California, Louisiana, Minnesota and multiple other skirmishes.
8) Key People in the Controversy - Agassiz, Aquinas, Aristotle, Bryan, Darwin, Dawkins. Jerry Falwell helped trigger revival of creationism in the late 1990s. Haeckel, Hooker, Huxley, Hutton, Lamarck, Linnaeus, Malthus, Mayr, Mendel, Morris, Spencer, Wallace and many other participants are discussed. 9) A chronological historic treatment of evolution and creationism from Empedocles (415 BCE) to the Kansas Board of Education (2001 CE). 10) Bibliography and 11) Documents associated with the many skirmishes.
Moore enables you to make well-informed decisions and to not stumble on the path to reinvent the wheel and revisit case law. The 2002 publication predates Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District (December 2005), but provides a solid foundation for clearly understanding the clarity and significance of the ruling. The issue will rise again as creationists make more attempts to discredit evolution and establish faith-based beliefs in public schools and institutions. Readers are directed to the National Center for Science Education (www.ncseweb.org) to keep up with ongoing battles and controversies. |
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