文化      12-19世纪西方经典绘画(不断更新中)

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MINIATURIST, Italian (active in second half of 15th century in Florence) Florentine Bible 1470s Illumination on parchment Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana, Florence This is the title page of volume III of the so-called Florentine Bible. The principal character of the picture is the kneeling King David as begging God. The background is very rich in representation of scenes with David. The three historical figures behind the kneeling David can be recognized as Queen Beatrix (or Anne de Beaujeu), King Matthias of Hungary and King Charles VIII of France. The Renaissance town in the background symbolizes Jerusalem. At the bottom of the page two scenes from the life of David are represented. The Bible is one of the masterpieces of the brothers Gherardo and Monte di Giovanni.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Florentine Bible Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, English (active c. 1200) Westminster Psalter c. 1200 Illumination on parchment, 23 x 16 cm British Museum, London This page representing Christ in Glory is from the Westminster Psalter, executed for the Westminster Abbey. The painting of this psalter is remarkable for the fullness and softness of the style of the drapery. It is not known whether the Psalter was executed by a man trained in London.
Author: MINIATURIST, English Title: Westminster Psalter Time-line: 1201-1250 School: English Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, English (active in 1310s) Queen Mary Psalter c. 1310 Illumination on parchment, 27,5 x 17,3 cm British Museum, London The illumination from the Queen Mary Psalter represents the Marriage at Cana. In the beginning of the fourteenth century the most important group of English manuscripts is associated with not London but East Anglia. One book of this group, the so-called Queen Mary Psalter with its high quality and prolific but restrained illustration, ought to be a royal book. It contains a large number of introductory pictures, pictures set in the text, and small drawings at the foot of the pages. The illustrations are executed in a drawing technique. The small drawings are lightly tinted; the main pictures are more heavily coloured but still rely on line rather than modelling. The Psalter has some interesting features. The presentation of most of the illuminations is uniform in that the scenes are enacted within a modest architectural framework. They are, moreover, included within the text of the psalter as illustrations independent of the initial decoration.
Author: MINIATURIST, English Title: Queen Mary Psalter Time-line: 1301-1350 School: English Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, French (active in 1480s) Gradual 1480-84 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest The miniature showing a goldsmith's shop comes from a Gradual of French provenance which belonged to King Matthias Corvinus' (1458-1490) Bibliotheca Corviniana in Buda.
Author: MINIATURIST, French Title: Gradual Time-line: 1451-1500 School: French Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (1403-1482) Italian Antiphonary c. 1450 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest This miniature, representing the Capture of Christ, is from the Italian Antiphonary, illuminated by the Sienese painter Giovanni di Paolo with scenes of the Passion and miniatures representing the legend of Saint Francis of Assisi.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Italian Antiphonary Time-line: 1401-1450 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (active in second half of 15th century in Florence) Missal 1474-75 Illumination on parchment Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence This page of the Missal is illustrated by an Annunciation and some scenes from Dante's Divine Comedy. The miniaturist was Gherardo di Giovanni.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Missal Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (active 1450-70 in Ferrara) Bible of Borso d'Este 1450-70 Illumination on parchment Biblioteca Estense, Modena The Bible in two volumes was made by several artists under the direction of Taddeo Crivelli and Franco de Russi. The page presented here is the first page of the Jeremiah's Book, accordingly, the miniature below represents the people of Jerusalem begging God for help in their difficult situation.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Bible of Borso d'Este Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, English (active 14th century) Gray-Fitzpayn Book of Hours 14th century Illumination on parchment Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge In the D initial of the page the blessing Christ is represented. Several grotesque scenes with different animals can also be seen on the page. The codex received its name from its onetime owner.
Author: MINIATURIST, English Title: Gray-Fitzpayn Book of Hours Time-line: 1301-1350 School: English Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, French (active in 1480s) Gradual 1480-84 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest The miniature representing The Last Judgment comes from a Gradual of French provenance which belonged to King Matthias Corvinus' (1458-1490) Bibliotheca Corviniana in Buda.
Author: MINIATURIST, French Title: Gradual Time-line: 1451-1500 School: French Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (1403-1482) Italian Antiphonary c. 1450 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest This miniature, representing Saint Francis before the Sultan, is from the Italian Antiphonary, illuminated by the Sienese painter Giovanni di Paolo with scenes of the Passion and miniatures representing the legend of Saint Francis of Assisi.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Italian Antiphonary Time-line: 1401-1450 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (c. 1452-1525) Codex Heroica by Philostratus 1487-90 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest The picture shows the frontispiece of the Codex Heroica by Philostratus illuminated by the Florentine painter Attavante degli Attavanti (c. 1452-1517).
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Codex Heroica by Philostratus Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: historical

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MINIATURIST, Italian (c. 1452-1525) Codex Heroica 1487-90 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest The miniature represents Joannes Corvinus, Son of King Matthias Corvinus, Entering Vienna. It is from the Codex Heroica by Phoilostratus illuminated by the Florentine painter Attavante degli Attavanti.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Codex Heroica Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: historical

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MINIATURIST, English (13th century) Life of King St Edward 13th century Illumination on parchment University Library, Cambridge The miniature depicts the battle of Hastings in 1066 when William the Conqueror defeated Harold II. The picture provides a good illustration of the arms in the 13th century.
Author: MINIATURIST, English Title: Life of King St Edward Time-line: 1201-1250 School: English Form: illumination Type: historical

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MINIATURIST, French (active 1285-1315) La Somme le Roy c. 1290 Illumination on parchment, 23,5 x 12,7 cm British Museum, London The picture shows a page from La Somme le Roy, representing Humility, Ahaziah typifying Pride, the Sinner and the Hypocrite. It was executed by the workshop of Master Honor? It is known that Louis IX built up a library of manuscripts and himself commissioned a number of works. The names of his illuminators are not known. However, the name of one of his grandson's artists was Master Honor?and he worked for the court of Philip the Fair (1285-1314). Little is known about his career. He lived in Paris on the south bank; a small group of manuscripts can be attributed to him. From them it is clear that by his time the style of Louis IX's painters had been significantly altered. Master Honor?s illumination is still extremely graceful and elegant, but architectural motifs play a far smaller part in the decoration. Faces and hands are extremely pallid and almost completely without colour, even more emphasis being laid on the drawing. By contrast, the drapery is fuller and the folds heavier. This is accomplished by a development in the modelling technique, for there is far more suggestion of light and shadow. This development may represent the first impingement of Italian Gothic painting on the north.
Author: MINIATURIST, French Title: La Somme le Roy Time-line: 1251-1300 School: French Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, French (active 1490s) Book of Hours 1490s Illumination on parchment Cathedral Library, Esztergom The miniature depicting The Death and the Knight comes from a Book of Hours, a French (Tours) Book of Prayers.
Author: MINIATURIST, French Title: Book of Hours Time-line: 1451-1500 School: French Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, English (active in 14th century) Ormesby Psalter 14th century Illumination on parchment Bodleian Library, Oxford On this crowded page the high quality, irregular frame is remarkable. A larger D and a smaller T initial are related to the text: in the D initial the three temptations of Christ in the desert are depicted. Both the figurative initials and the decoration were made in the same workshop (probably in Bury St Edmunds) by two different miniaturists. The codex received its name from Robert Ormesby, a monk who dedicated the codex to the prior of a convent in Norwich.
Author: MINIATURIST, English Title: Ormesby Psalter Time-line: 1301-1350 School: English Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Hungarian (active in the 1490s) Festetich Codex c. 1493 Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest This page comes from a Prayers Book owned by a Hungarian noblewoman, Benigna Magyar, wife of Pál Kinizsi, general of King Matthias' army. The codex later was owned by the Festetich family whence its name is derived. The initial M is decorated by plants in a very naturalistic way. Other pages of the manuscript contain similar decoration.
Author: MINIATURIST, Hungarian Title: Festetich Codex Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Hungarian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (active in 14th century in Siena) Fragment of a Gradual 14th century Illumination on parchment Biblioteka Jagiellonska, Cracow The initial B depicts the battle of Michael with the dragon. The miniaturist follows the tradition of the Sienese Trecento (Simone Martini). The liturgical manuscripts from the 14th century (Graduals, Antiphones etc.) belong to the greatest treasures of the Cathedral of Siena. The page presented here is a fragment of a dispersed Gradual.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Fragment of a Gradual Time-line: 1351-1400 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: religious

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MINIATURIST, Italian (c. 1452-1525) Codex Heroica 1480s Illumination on parchment National Széchényi Library, Budapest The miniature represents the Portrait of an Old Humanist. It is from the Codex Heroica by Phoilostratus illuminated by the Florentine painter Attavante degli Attavanti.
Author: MINIATURIST, Italian Title: Codex Heroica Time-line: 1451-1500 School: Italian Form: illumination Type: historical

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MINIATURIST, Spanish (active in 14th century) Peszach Haggada 14th century Illumination on parchment, 18,5 x 22 cm Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest The Haggada is one of the richly decorated Hebrew manuscripts of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The picture shows its only page with figural initial illustrating the Exodus (Second Book of Moses). The miniature represents a group of wandering Jews headed by Moses. They wear Oriental robes and characteristic hats.
Author: MINIATURIST, Spanish Title: Peszach Haggada Time-line: 1301-1350 School: Spanish Form: illumination Type: religious