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[[学习策略]] 印度司机胆子大

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发表于 2005-9-25 21:18:58 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
印度司机胆子大


  走在新德里川流不息的马路上,眼前的情景让我好生奇怪:很多汽车左右两侧
的反光镜怎么都不见了?有的车是根本就没有,有的车是把反光镜折叠起来贴在车
身上。连问了两个司机后才晓得,由于马路上车辆很多,司机们怕把反光镜碰坏了,
索性就不用了。由此你可以想见马路上车与车挨得多么近。

  “那并线时你看哪儿呢?”我问,“这儿。”司机指了指座位前方的后视镜。
不错,这法子我初开车时也用过,可后视镜的视野毕竟有限,特别是后座坐满人后
就会遮挡司机的视线。不管怎么说,印度司机们就是开着没有反光镜的车奔跑着。
在印度访问的10天,我屡屡见到两辆车在左右间距也就是一两公分的情况下呼啸而
过。尽管如此,却都是有惊无险,一起交通事故也没见到。

  在这种稠密的车流中,印度司机们都练就了一手硬功夫,在与前面的车只有一
个车身的距离时,还敢开上六七十公里的时速。那天我们到达孟买机场,一位年轻
的司机送我们去旅馆。一路上,他热情地介绍所过之处的建筑,中间有个词我没听
懂,就问他这个词是哪几个字母,没承想他竟来了个大撒把,左手抄起一张纸,右
手抄起一只笔,要给我写出来,而此刻汽车还在往前飞跑着,吓得我夺下纸笔,连
说“先开车!先开车!”他笑了笑,“没事的。”

  印度大城市不限制摩托车的数量,骑摩托的人比骑自行车的人多得多。摩托车
手更勇敢,在车海中窜来窜去。有时候你会看到身着莎丽的妻子侧身坐在摩托车后
座上,就像坐自行车的二等,有的怀里还抱着孩子,神态安然自若,坦坦地随着丈
夫在车流中破浪前进。

  印度的公共汽车也挺有趣———有门口没车门。快到站了,车速减慢,不等停
稳,就有性急的人往下跳,行动都很敏捷,没有人摔着。想上车的人也不等车停下
就跳上去,碰到乘客多的时候,门口处也站着人,半个身子悬在车外,就像杂技演
员。

  在印度打的很方便,除了汽车之外,还有大量的三轮摩托,司机都很热情健谈。
那天去访问印度共产党(马列)设在新德里的总部,一位的哥见到我这个异乡人,
便邀我乘他的车观市容。他还拿出一本厚厚的留言薄,上面都是坐过他的车的外国
人的留言。他说以前也有中国人坐过,并指给我看中文留言———一看,其实是日
文。不过,这一条条表达友好情谊的留言也真是来自五洲四海。我不由得感叹这位
司机是个情义之人,虽说开出租是他挣钱谋生的手段,可从中他也把温暖与情谊带
给了顾客,得到了人与人之间的真情。

  近年来印度私人汽车的数量增加很快。10年前,私车只属于达官贵人,与普通
百姓无缘。自1991年印度实行改革开放、引进外资以来,促进了国内汽车业的发展,
汽车的平均价格降低了一半。当今主要用于出租汽车的“大使”牌汽车售价24万卢
比(约6000美元,或4.8万人民币)。城市人口的平均工资是7000卢比左右,知识
分子与公务员的工资通常更高,在1万卢比以上。因此,分期付款买辆汽车并不是件
太难的事了。目前受印度人青睐的车是20万卢比的铃木风神,大小与中国的奥托差
不多,但款式更漂亮。

  如今印度已成为WTO的成员国,汽车关税已从原来的300%降到了90%,两年后
要降到零,这也就意味着国产汽车的价格会进一步降低。到那时,印度普通百姓的
汽车梦也就更容易实现了。

  Those brave Indian drivers! 

  Walking along the streets of New Delhi on my recent trip 
to India, I was struck by the number of cars without 
functioning side-view mirrors.  Some drivers had none at all, 
while many others had theirs folded down onto the body of 
the car.  I asked a couple of drivers why this was so.  
With so many cars on the crowded roads, they replied, drivers 
are afraid the mirrors will be knocked off.  That gives you 
an idea of just how jammed with vehicles the streets are!   
“but what do you do when you want to change lanes?? I 
asked.  My informant pointed to his rear-view mirror.  Now, 
I confess, that’s exactly what I did when I was learning to 
drive.  But the rear-view mirror has a limited range of 
vision, especially when there are people in the back seat.  
In effect, Indian drivers do without any reliable mirrors and 
just speed on their way.  During the ten days of my visit 
I often noted cars roaring along at high speed, just two or 
three centimetres apart.  Still, I didn't see any accidents.

  Indian drivers have become very skillful at maneuvering in 
dense traffic.  I witnessed them driving at 70 kilomiles per 
hour with the next vehicle just the length of a car ahead 
of them.  One day we flew into the airport at Mumbai (
Bombay) and a young driver whisked us off to our hotel.  
Along the way he spoke enthusiastically of various buildings 
we were passing.  At one point I couldn't understand a 
certain word he had used, so I asked him to spell it.  I 
hardly expected him to take both hands off the steering wheel,
 his left to pick up a piece of paper, his right to pick 
up a pen - he wanted to write the word down for me with 
the car in motion!  \"oh, no!?I exclaimed,  \"driving first!? 
He flashed me a smile and said reassuringly, \"oh, it doesn't 
matter.? 

  With no control on the number of motorbikes cruising the 
streets, big Indian cities have far more motorbikes than 
ordinary bicycles.  Intrepid drivers steer their motorbikes 
through a sea of onrushing cars.  Sometimes you see a wife 
in a beautiful sari sitting behind the driver of a motorbike, 
just as we sit on the back seat of our bikes.  But the 
graceful Indian woman, often with a child in her arms, is 
zipping along calmly at a much higher speed in even more 
perilous traffic than we have in Beijing. 

  Indian buses are interesting too - they have doorways but 
no doors.  Near stops, the rasher passengers hop off before 
the bus comes to a halt; everybody moves quickly, nobody 
falls.  And people who want to board also jump on before 
the bus stops.  If the bus is packed, some passengers just 
hang on at the doorway, half their bodies dangling in the 
air.

  It's easy to hail a cab in India, and in addition to 
regular four-wheeled vehicles there are three-wheeled motorcars 
serving as taxis.  The drivers, very friendly, seem to enjoy 
gabbing with passengers.  The day I visited the New Delhi 
headquarters of the Communist Party of India, a cab driver 
invited me to go sightseeing in his car.  Showing me a 
thick notebook of testimonials from foreign passengers, he 
pointed to what he thought were Chinese messages - actually 
they turned out to be in Japanese.  Anyway, the notebook was 
full of friendly comments left by passengers from all sorts 
of places.  I was impressed:  Here was a cabbie who not 
only earned his living by driving, but also tried to help 
his customers feel welcome and at ease in India.

  Recently the number of private cars has soared in India.  
Ten years ago few but the wealthy could afford one. Since 
India began to open its economy to greater foreign investment 
in 1991, the local car industry has boomed, with the average 
price of cars falling by 50% or more.  At present an 
Ambassador car, the make most often used as taxis, costs 240,
000 rupees ($6,000 or ¥48,000).The average monthly salary in 
cities is about 7,000 rupees, but  college-educated people and 
civil servants typically earn more, usually over 10,000 rupees. 
 Thus it is not very difficult for them to by a car on 
the installment plan.  The most popular car in India these 
days is the 200,000-rupee Maruti-Suzuki, similar in size to 
the Chinese-made Suzuki Aotuo, but better looking.

  Now that India has joined the WTO, the tariff on imported 
cars has decreased from 300% to 90% and is scheduled to fall 
to 0% in two years.  That means the price of domestic cars 
will decline as well, making it even easier for Indians to 
buy them.
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