|
老外直言 Elizabeth Spahn(美国)
活死人?!
起源于美国妇女运动的三八国际妇女节就要到了,现在北大任教的美国女权活
动家史盼教授应本报之邀撰写此文。
倘如你某天早晨醒来,发现自己不可以上学,不可以工作,你会怎样?如果你
必须用一件袍子(这袍子不仅很贵,而且又难看又笨)把自己从头到脚罩起来,否
则你就不能出屋,甚至也不能去买食品或者去看病,你会怎样?如果你必须把窗户
涂黑,阳光照不进来,你该会怎样?如果不许你听音乐、不许你读书读报,不许你
写字,不许你画画,不许你去看朋友,不许你看电视,你又会怎样?
而这,恰恰是从1996年9月27日开始发生在阿富汗妇女身上的事情,她们将这种
生活称为“活死人”的生活。1996年以前,像社会主义国家的妇女一样,阿富汗妇
女也拥有很高的经济地位与社会地位,她们可以上学,可以工作:喀布尔大学50%
的学生和60%的教师是女性,中小学教师中的70%、政府公务员的50%以及喀布尔
市医生的40%都是妇女。
但在1996年9月27日那天,极端的原教旨主义派别塔利班攻占了首都喀布尔,下
令阿富汗妇女回家待着,凡不遵守这一禁令的妇女会受到手持棍子的宗教警察的殴
打,有些甚至被打死。
明天是3月8日,是国际妇女节,全世界的人们都惦记着被囚禁在自己家里的阿
富汗妇女,几乎每个国家都遣责塔利班如此粗暴地对待妇女。全世界伊斯兰教的领
导人也都反对这种残忍的作法,认为这样做并不为古兰经所支持,而是有违伊斯兰
教义的真谛。受过高等教育的伊斯兰学者们均认同古兰经并未要求如此野蛮地对待
妇女。
很多国家的妇女组织正在行动起来帮助阿富汗妇女。比如,在美国,基层的妇
女组织使用因特网互换信息,并与美国政府就这一悲剧进行交流,名为“女权主义
者多数派基金会”的妇女组织在协调这一工作,其网址是www.feminist.org,从
中人们可以了解到有关阿富汗妇女悲剧的更多情况,也可以表达自己的观点。
塔利班想作为阿富汗主权政府得到国际社会的承认,并想获得联合国中的阿富
汗的席位,但至今为止,来自国际社会妇女运动的压力阻止了这一意图的实现。
国际上的一些石油与天然气公司与塔利班打算合建一条造价数十亿美元的油气
管道。该管道从能源丰富的土库曼斯坦的油田开始,穿过阿富汗到达巴基斯坦。总
部设在美国加州的能源公司UNOCAL也加入到了合股建造油气管线的国际财团当中,
其股份占到36.5%。消息传出,美国妇女组织威胁说要抵制UNOCAL的产品并开展反
对该公司的公关运动。于是UNOCAL承诺在国际社会承认塔利班之前不会着手进行这
一项目。路透社报道说,一巴基斯坦官员曾表示该工程会在1998年12月动工。但在
1998年12月5日、纽约时报宣布,UNOCAL公司已从这一计划中全部撤出,并提到“女
权主义多数派基金会”所开展的运动在公司的决定中起到了重要作用。
这一斗争胜利了吗?不会那么快。如今,曾经与阿富汗前政府签署过协议的阿
根廷一家石油公司Bridas已表示,在联合国未承认塔利班的情况下也准备为这一项
目动工出资。由此而言,斗争还在继续。
阿富汗妇女的“活死人”生活是当今时代最大的悲剧之一,其原因是复杂的,
玩弄宗教权力政治权力及跨国公司权力于股掌之中的人们使用卑鄙的交易和伎俩来
为自己开脱,但他们逃不过妇女们的眼睛。我们妇女无所不在,关注着过着“活死
人”生活的阿富汗的姐妹,我们决不放过他们,直到阿富汗妇女重新过上自由的生
活。这也正是当我们谈论“全球化”时很多美国女权主义者的想法。
\"The Living Death\"?
Suppose you woke up one morning and discovered that you
couldn't go to school or work? That you couldn't go outside
at all, even to buy food or visit the hospital, unless you
covered your entire body from your head to your feet with a
very expensive (and ugly, clumsy) robe? What if you had to
paint the windows of your house black so that no sunlight
could enter? What if music were banned, and you weren't
allowed to read, write, draw, paint, visit your friends or
watch TV??
This is exactly what happened to Afghan women on September
27, 1996. They call it the \"living death\". Before 1996,
Afghan women, like those in most socialist countries, had a
very high economic and social status. Prior to 1996, women in
Afghanistan were educated and employed: 50% of the students
and 60% of the teachers at Kabul University were women, and
70% of schoolteachers, 50% of civilian government workers, and
40% of doctors in Kabul were women.?
But on September 27, 1996 the Taliban, an extremely
fundamentalist religious group, conquered Kabul, the capital of
Afghanistan. And Afghan women were told to go home and stay
there. Women who did not obey were beaten with sticks by the
religious police; some were even killed.?
Tomorrow, March 8, is International Women's Day. All over
the world people are thinking of the women in Afghanistan,
imprisoned in their own homes. Nearly every other country in
the world has condemned the Taliban's brutality towards women.
Islamic leaders around the world have rejected this harsh
treatment as unsupported by the Koran and against true Islamic
teachings. Islamic scholars with higher education agree that
the Koran does not require such cruelty toward women.?
Women's organizations in many countries are organizing to
help the women of Afghanistan. In the US, for example,
grassroots women's groups use the internet to exchange
information with each other, and to communicate with the
American government about this tragedy. The effort is being
coordinated by the Feminist Majority Foundation, which has a
website people all over the world can visit: www.feminist.org
to learn more about the tragedy in Afghanistan, and to
express their opinions. Hundreds of American women's groups
from the very largest to tiny ones in small towns write
letters to the US government to protest the Taliban's
treatment of women. ?
The Taliban want to be recognized as the sovereign
government of Afghanistan, and to take Afghanistan's seat in
the United Nations. So far, pressure from the international
women's movement has prevented this. ?
International oil and gas companies and the Taliban want
to build a multi-billion dollar oil and gas pipeline from the
oil fields of energy-rich Turkmenistan, through Afghanistan to
Pakistan. California-based Unocal, a US energy company,has 36.5%
stake in a consortium to build the pipeline. Unocal had first
welcomed the Taliban takeover. So American women's groups
threatened to boycott Unocal products and mount a public
relations campaign against the oil company. Unocal then said
it would not proceed until Afghanistan has an internationally
recognized government. Reuters reported that a Pakistan official
indicated that work on the pipeline was expected to start in
December 1998. On December 5, 1998 The New York Times
announced that Unocal had completely withdraw its support from
plans to build the trans-Afghanistan pipeline, citing the
Feminist Majority's campaign as an important factor in their
decision. The opposition of US women's organizations to
Taliban treatment of women and girls and the campaign to stop
gender apartheid were credited by The Washington Post with
having stalled the pipeline in Afghanistan.?
Victory? Not so fast. Now Argentina's oil company, Bridas,
which had signed a deal with the previous government, \"has
indicated a readiness to finance the project and start
construction without formal UN recognition of the Taliban
government, according to oil industry analysts.\" The struggle
continues. ?
The living death of Afghan women is one of the great
tragedies of our time. The causes are complex, as religious,
political and corporate power players make their sordid deals
and maneuver to shift the blame away from themselves. But
they cannot escape the eyes of the women. We are everywhere,
thinking of our sisters in Afghanistan who endure the living
death. We will pursue them until the women of Afghanistan can
live freely again. This is what many American feminists mean
when we talk about \"globalization\".(听英文51103) |
|