76届奥斯卡金像奖揭幕在即

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※76届奥斯卡金像奖揭幕在即 ※
　　Television personalities and other workers gather outside the Kodak Theatre as arrivals for the 76th annual Academy Awards ceremony is about to begin Sunday, Feb. 29, 2004, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Ric Francis)



词汇：


personality n.人物，名人


annual adj.一年一次的，每年的


Academy Awards 奥斯卡金像奖



背景知识：

　　History of the Academy Awards Ceremony

　　When the first Academy Awards were handed out on May 16, 1929,  movies had just begun to talk.

　　That first Awards ceremony took place during a banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The attendance was  250 and tickets cost $10.


　　The suspense which now touches most of the world at Oscar time was not always a characteristic of the Awards. At first the winners were known prior to the Awards banquets. Results were given in advance to the news-papers for publication at 11 p.m. on the night of the Awards. But in 1940, guests arriving for the affair could buy the 8:45 p.m. edition of the Los Angeles Times, which announced the winning achievements. As a result, the sealed-envelope system was adopted the next year and remains in use today.


　　Since the earliest years, interest in the Academy Awards has run high, if not at the modern fever-pitch. The first presentation was the only one to escape a media audience, but by the second year enthusiasm for the Awards was so high that a Los Angeles radio station actually did a live, one-hour broadcast. The Awards have had broadcast coverage since.


　　For 15 years the Academy Awards Presentations were banquet affairs held, after the first in the Blossom Room, at the Ambassador and Biltmore hotels. The custom of presenting the statuettes at a banquet was discontinued after 1942. Increased attendance and the war had made banquets impractical, and the presentation ceremonies have since been held in theaters.


　　The 16th Awards ceremony was held at Grauman's Chinese Theater  and was covered by network radio for the first time and broadcast overseas to American GIs. The Awards stayed at Grauman's for three years, then moved to the Los Angeles Shrine Auditorium. Two years later, in March 1949, the 21st Awards were held in the Academy's own Melrose Avenue theater. For the next 10 years the annual Awards were held at the RKO Pantages Theater in Hollywood. It was here, on March 19, 1953, that the Academy Awards Presentation was first televised. The NBC-TV and radio network carried the 25th Academy Awards ceremonies live from Hollywood with Bob Hope as master of ceremonies and from the NBC International Theater in New York with Fredric March making the presentations. In 1961, the Awards moved to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and for the next 10 years the ABC-TV and radio network handled the broadcasting duties.


　　In 1966, the Oscars were first broadcast in color. From 1971 through 1975 the NBC-TV network carried the Awards. ABC has telecast the show since 1976 and is under contract through 2008.


　　On April 14, 1969, the 41st Academy Awards ceremonies moved to the brand new Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Music Center of Los Angeles County. It was the first major event for this world-renowned cultural center.


　　The Awards remained at the Music Center until 1986, when the ceremonies returned to the Shrine Auditorium for the 60th and 61st Awards. Since then the Awards have moved back and forth between the Shrine and the Music Center. The larger Shrine Auditorium (6,000 seats) is used principally to afford Academy members an opportunity to attend the telecast, an opportunity that is severely limited by the Music Center's size (about 2,500 seats).


　　奥斯卡金像奖的由来


　　一战结束后的十年是美国电影前所未有的兴盛期。派拉蒙、米高梅、环球、福克斯等大制片公司的经济实力足以与汽车制造、钢铁、石油等美国最大的工业集团媲美。好莱坞成为最负盛名的影都。艺术和科学的进步促进了电影的繁荣，有声电影的诞生给电影带来了新的希望。


　　1927年１月４日，第一个关于成立电影艺术和科学学院的念头在好莱坞巨头－米高梅公司总经理梅椰的头脑里萌发了。这得到了众多电影界权威人士的热烈响应。同年３月，首届领导机构产生。主席由道格拉斯范朋克担任，副主席由弗莱德担任。奥斯卡是当前世界上影响最大、历史最悠久的电影奖，由美国电影艺术与科学院颁发。


　  1927年５月，在美国电影艺术与科学学院成立的宴会上有人建议，为了推动电影艺术的发展，对有成就者应给予奖励。与会者一致同意并由当时参加会议的米高梅公司美工师塞德里克吉本斯在桌布上画了个草图，后由刚从艺术学校毕业的青年艺术家乔治斯坦利塑成铜像。这尊铜像是个手握长剑、站在一盘电影胶片上的男性人体塑像，高10.25寸，表面镀金，所以叫金像奖。


　  1929年１月，美国电影艺术与科学学院就1927年下半年至1928年上半年的电影创作进行了评选，５月１６日在好莱坞的罗斯福饭店举行了第一次授奖典礼，共颁发了十五尊金像。1928年制作的《翼》是第一部获得最佳影片奖的影片；第一位获得最佳女演员奖的是珍妮盖诺；第一位最佳男演员奖获得者是埃米詹宁斯，他于1950年在德国去世。当时叫这个奖为电影艺术与科学学院的年度奖，简称“学院奖”。


　 1931年的一天，学院的新任图书管理员玛梅丽特赫丽发现办公室里的金像很象她叔叔奥斯卡。一个记者把她的话在第二天报导了。从此“奥斯卡”之名逐渐被人们运用，学院奖反而很少被人提及。最初奥斯卡奖的授予，采取宴会形式，以后改为发奖大会，后又在发奖大会上增加了文娱节目。


　　自第一届以来，除了1930年和1933年外，都是每年举行一次。主要项目有：最佳影片奖，最佳女演员和男演员奖，最佳导演奖。其他还有最佳摄影、美工、服装设计、原剧本、改编剧本、改编 配乐、剪辑、视觉效果、作曲、音响奖。此外还颁发一些特别荣誉奖。每次竞选都分两个阶段：提名和投票阶段。投票由电影艺术与科学院的三千余会员进行。他们从集体投票中选出最佳影片，然后分门别类按专业选举最佳演员、导演、编剧、摄影等，表决揭晓后进行授奖仪式。由名演员作司仪，由前奥斯卡奖获得者授奖。