东京大学的河冈义裕及其师承脉络

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http://news.ifeng.com/a/20140703 ... 00000#_share=qqZone
对为了分析H1N1的基因变化，将流感病毒改造成能够绕过人类免疫系统的河冈义裕的报道比较关注，另外东京大学的医学和731部队有着某种历史渊源，于是想看看河冈义裕及其师承脉络。
该校网址为：http://www.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/imsut/cn/lab/ggclink/index.html

日本东京大学兼美国威斯康星州麦迪逊大学教授河冈义裕，病毒学教授，原就职于日本东京大学医学研究所，现（2014年）为美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校教授。河冈义裕是中国著名微生物学家管轶的师兄，管轶曾跟随禽流感权威、美国圣犹大儿童研究医院Robert燝.燱ebster教授学习。

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http://www.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/specialpathogens/kawaoka/index.html

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教授：   河岡 義裕 (Yoshihiro Kawaoka, DVM, PhD)
  
  
特任助教：   野田 岳志 (Takeshi Noda, DVM, PhD)

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研究出版物
http://www.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/spe ... a/publications.html

2009年

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HistCite生成的脉络图

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Nodes: 30, Links: 60
LCS, top 30; 0 marks; Min: 18, Max: 144 (LCS scaled)  LCS GCS
1. 24 KAWAOKA Y, 1984, VIROLOGY, V139, P303 35 243
2. 26 BEAN WJ, 1985, J VIROL, V54, P151 19 141
3. 36 KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218 24 93
4. 48 KAWAOKA Y, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P324 38 152
5. 63 KAWAOKA Y, 1989, J VIROL, V63, P4603 42 454
6. 80 WEBSTER RG, 1992, MICROBIOL REV, V56, P152 50 2014
7. 96 CASTRUCCI MR, 1993, J VIROL, V67, P759 21 128
8. 108 HORIMOTO T, 1994, J VIROL, V68, P3120 32 152
9. 113 HORIMOTO T, 1994, J VIROL, V68, P6074 21 114
10. 115 CONNOR RJ, 1994, VIROLOGY, V205, P17 34 382
11. 147 Kobasa D, 1997, J VIROL, V71, P6706 42 85
12. 152 Takada A, 1997, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V94, P14764 35 267
13. 168 Ito T, 1998, J VIROL, V72, P7367 27 502
14. 175 Gao P, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P3184 24 211
15. 180 Neumann G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345 144 620
16. 185 Neumann G, 2000, J VIROL, V74, P547 18 56
17. 189 Hoffmann E, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P6108 18 513
18. 193 Matrosovich M, 2000, J VIROL, V74, P8502 29 366
19. 213 Jasenosky LD, 2001, J VIROL, V75, P5205 24 119
20. 217 Hatta M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840 67 645
21. 228 Noda T, 2002, J VIROL, V76, P4855 26 135
22. 258 Shinya K, 2004, VIROLOGY, V320, P258 20 214
23. 266 Kiso M, 2004, LANCET, V364, P759 19 428
24. 268 Kobasa D, 2004, NATURE, V431, P703 23 256
25. 295 Shinya K, 2006, NATURE, V440, P435 27 562
26. 302 Chen HL, 2006, J VIROL, V80, P5976 21 187
27. 308 Yamada S, 2006, NATURE, V444, P378 22 305
28. 311 Ozawa M, 2007, J VIROL, V81, P30 19 76
29. 313 Kobasa D, 2007, NATURE, V445, P319 20 432
30. 377 Itoh Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021 38 564

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文章只能看到2009年
2009年至今的是保密状态
似乎在此阶段出现突飞猛进的进展

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与他的研究关联的研究的地域分布图
日本 美国 西欧 均比较多

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日本国内研究分布情况
我国相关研究的分布情况，相对少，有差距啊。科学无国界，但是科学家有国界。

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美国国内研究分布情况

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威斯康星州麦迪逊大学研究情况

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西欧与之关联研究情况

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据韩联社7月2日报道，日本内阁会议1日决定修改宪法解释解禁集体自卫权。对此，韩国朝野两党2日均深表忧虑。

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AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED NARRATIVES
Time of creation: Mon Jul 07 20:15:04 CST 2014
MAJOR CLUSTERS
The network is divided into 20 co-citation clusters. These clusters are labeled by index terms from their own citers. The largest 8 clusters are summarized.
Table 1. Summary of the largest 8 clusters.
ClusterID  Size  Silhouette  Label (TFIDF)  Label (LLR)  Label (MI)  mean(Citee Year)
0  102  0.811  (14.31) tnf-alpha  h5n1 influenza viruse (267.27, 1.0E-4)  absolute sialidase activity  2003
1  95  0.801  (13.85) receptor specificity  recognition (173.71, 1.0E-4)  canine parvoviru  1988
2  90  0.763  (15.44) ebolaviru  ebola virus glycoprotein (161.98, 1.0E-4)  absolute sialidase activity  2001
3  86  0.846  (15.44) genetic approach  genetic (445.65, 1.0E-4)  lcmv epitope  1994
4  82  0.847  (12.84) influenza-a virus pb2 gene  evolution (453.6, 1.0E-4)  canine parvoviru  1985
5  79  0.871  (11.3) cleavage site sequence  pandemic threat (171.08, 1.0E-4)  interplay  1985
6  70  0.982  (18.77) yersinia-enterocolitica lipopolysaccharide  yersinia-enterocolitica lipopolysaccharide (422.67, 1.0E-4)  yersinia enterocolitica bacteriophage  1972
7  60  0.918  (13.85) japanese bunting  isolation (290.37, 1.0E-4)  h2 influenza-a viru  1977
The largest cluster (#0) has 102 members and a silhouette value of 0.811. It is labeled as h5n1 influenza viruse by LLR, tnf-alpha by TFIDF, and absolute sialidase activity by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.29 Neumann, Gabriele (2010) h5n1 influenza viruses: outbreaks and biological properties.
The second largest cluster (#1) has 95 members and a silhouette value of 0.801. It is labeled as recognition by LLR, receptor specificity by TFIDF, and canine parvoviru by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.22 Suzuki, Y (2000) sialic acid species as a determinant of the host range of influenza a viruses.
The third largest cluster (#2) has 90 members and a silhouette value of 0.763. It is labeled as ebola virus glycoprotein by LLR, ebolaviru by TFIDF, and absolute sialidase activity by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.11 Noda, Takeshi (2010) structure of influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes and their packaging into virions.
The 4th largest cluster (#3) has 86 members and a silhouette value of 0.846. It is labeled as genetic by LLR, genetic approach by TFIDF, and lcmv epitope by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.33 Neumann, G (2001) reverse genetics of influenza virus.
The 5th largest cluster (#4) has 82 members and a silhouette value of 0.847. It is labeled as evolution by LLR, influenza-a virus pb2 gene by TFIDF, and canine parvoviru by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.16 GORMAN, OT (1990) evolution of influenza-a virus pb2 genes - implications for evolution of the ribonucleoprotein complex and origin of human influenza a virus.
The 6th largest cluster (#5) has 79 members and a silhouette value of 0.871. It is labeled as pandemic threat by LLR, cleavage site sequence by TFIDF, and interplay by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.3 Horimoto, T (2001) pandemic threat posed by avian influenza a viruses.
The 7th largest cluster (#6) has 70 members and a silhouette value of 0.982. It is labeled as yersinia-enterocolitica lipopolysaccharide by both LLR and TFIDF, and as yersinia enterocolitica bacteriophage by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.34 KAWAOKA, Y (1983) growth temperature-dependent variation in the bacteriophage-inactivating capacity and antigenicity of yersinia-enterocolitica lipopolysaccharide.
The 8th largest cluster (#7) has 60 members and a silhouette value of 0.918. It is labeled as isolation by LLR, japanese bunting by TFIDF, and h2 influenza-a viru by MI. The most active citer to the cluster is 0.15 KIDA, H (1982) isolation and identification of paramyxoviruses from japanese buntings (emberiza-spodocephala) and ducks (anas-crecca and anas-penelope).
CITATION COUNTS
The top ranked item by citation counts is NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345 (1999) in Cluster #2, with citation counts of 144. The second one is NIWA H, 1991, GENE, V108, P193 (1991) in Cluster #2, with citation counts of 69. The third is HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882 (2001) in Cluster #0, with citation counts of 67. The 4th is SUBBARAO K, 1998, SCIENCE, V279, P393, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.279.5349.393 (1998) in Cluster #0, with citation counts of 58. The 5th is ROGERS GN, 1983, VIROLOGY, V127, P361, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90150-2 (1983) in Cluster #1, with citation counts of 54. The 6th is CLAAS ECJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P472, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11212-0 (1998) in Cluster #0, with citation counts of 54. The 7th is WEBSTER RG, 1992, MICROBIOL REV, V56, P152 (1992) in Cluster #1, with citation counts of 50. The 8th is KAWAOKA Y, 1989, J VIROL, V63, P4603 (1989) in Cluster #4, with citation counts of 42. The 9th is BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7 (1980) in Cluster #4, with citation counts of 42. The 10th is KOBASA D, 1997, J VIROL, V71, P6706 (1997) in Cluster #2, with citation counts of 42.
citation counts  references  cluster #
144  NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345, 1999, SO, V, P  2
69  NIWA H, 1991, GENE, V108, P193, 1991, SO, V, P  2
67  HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882, 2001, SO, V, P  0
58  SUBBARAO K, 1998, SCIENCE, V279, P393, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.279.5349.393, 1998, SO, V, P  0
54  ROGERS GN, 1983, VIROLOGY, V127, P361, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90150-2, 1983, SO, V, P  1
54  CLAAS ECJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P472, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11212-0, 1998, SO, V, P  0
50  WEBSTER RG, 1992, MICROBIOL REV, V56, P152, 1992, SO, V, P  1
42  KAWAOKA Y, 1989, J VIROL, V63, P4603, 1989, SO, V, P  4
42  BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7, 1980, SO, V, P  4
42  KOBASA D, 1997, J VIROL, V71, P6706, 1997, SO, V, P  2
BURSTS
The top ranked item by bursts is ITOH Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021, DOI 10.1038/NATURE08260 (2009) in Cluster #10, with bursts of 17.50. The second one is BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7 (1980) in Cluster #4, with bursts of 13.98. The third is HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882 (2001) in Cluster #0, with bursts of 11.28. The 4th is HUDDLESTON JA, 1982, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V10, P1029, DOI 10.1093/NAR/10.3.1029 (1982) in Cluster #4, with bursts of 11.18. The 5th is NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345 (1999) in Cluster #2, with bursts of 10.18. The 6th is FODOR E, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P9679 (1999) in Cluster #3, with bursts of 10.06. The 7th is HATTA M, 2007, PLOS PATHOG, V3, P1374, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.0030133 (2007) in Cluster #0, with bursts of 10.00. The 8th is KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90256-X (1987) in Cluster #5, with bursts of 9.91. The 9th is PALMER DF, 1975, IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, V6, P51 (1975) in Cluster #1, with bursts of 9.62. The 10th is SCHOLTISSEK C, 1983, VIROLOGY, V129, P521, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90194-0 (1983) in Cluster #4, with bursts of 9.46.
bursts  references  cluster #
17.50  ITOH Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021, DOI 10.1038/NATURE08260, 2009, SO, V, P  10
13.98  BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7, 1980, SO, V, P  4
11.28  HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882, 2001, SO, V, P  0
11.18  HUDDLESTON JA, 1982, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V10, P1029, DOI 10.1093/NAR/10.3.1029, 1982, SO, V, P  4
10.18  NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345, 1999, SO, V, P  2
10.06  FODOR E, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P9679, 1999, SO, V, P  3
10.00  HATTA M, 2007, PLOS PATHOG, V3, P1374, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.0030133, 2007, SO, V, P  0
9.91  KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90256-X, 1987, SO, V, P  5
9.62  PALMER DF, 1975, IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, V6, P51, 1975, SO, V, P  1
9.46  SCHOLTISSEK C, 1983, VIROLOGY, V129, P521, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90194-0, 1983, SO, V, P  4
CENTRALITY
The top ranked item by centrality is ITOH Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021, DOI 10.1038/NATURE08260 (2009) in Cluster #10, with centrality of 0.00. The second one is BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7 (1980) in Cluster #4, with centrality of 0.00. The third is HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882 (2001) in Cluster #0, with centrality of 0.00. The 4th is HUDDLESTON JA, 1982, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V10, P1029, DOI 10.1093/NAR/10.3.1029 (1982) in Cluster #4, with centrality of 0.00. The 5th is NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345 (1999) in Cluster #2, with centrality of 0.00. The 6th is FODOR E, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P9679 (1999) in Cluster #3, with centrality of 0.00. The 7th is HATTA M, 2007, PLOS PATHOG, V3, P1374, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.0030133 (2007) in Cluster #0, with centrality of 0.00. The 8th is KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90256-X (1987) in Cluster #5, with centrality of 0.00. The 9th is PALMER DF, 1975, IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, V6, P51 (1975) in Cluster #1, with centrality of 0.00. The 10th is SCHOLTISSEK C, 1983, VIROLOGY, V129, P521, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90194-0 (1983) in Cluster #4, with centrality of 0.00.
centrality  references  cluster #
0.00  ITOH Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021, DOI 10.1038/NATURE08260, 2009, SO, V, P  10
0.00  BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7, 1980, SO, V, P  4
0.00  HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882, 2001, SO, V, P  0
0.00  HUDDLESTON JA, 1982, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V10, P1029, DOI 10.1093/NAR/10.3.1029, 1982, SO, V, P  4
0.00  NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345, 1999, SO, V, P  2
0.00  FODOR E, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P9679, 1999, SO, V, P  3
0.00  HATTA M, 2007, PLOS PATHOG, V3, P1374, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.0030133, 2007, SO, V, P  0
0.00  KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90256-X, 1987, SO, V, P  5
0.00  PALMER DF, 1975, IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, V6, P51, 1975, SO, V, P  1
0.00  SCHOLTISSEK C, 1983, VIROLOGY, V129, P521, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90194-0, 1983, SO, V, P  4
SIGMA
The top ranked item by sigma is ITOH Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021, DOI 10.1038/NATURE08260 (2009) in Cluster #10, with sigma of 1.00. The second one is BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7 (1980) in Cluster #4, with sigma of 1.00. The third is HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882 (2001) in Cluster #0, with sigma of 1.00. The 4th is HUDDLESTON JA, 1982, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V10, P1029, DOI 10.1093/NAR/10.3.1029 (1982) in Cluster #4, with sigma of 1.00. The 5th is NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345 (1999) in Cluster #2, with sigma of 1.00. The 6th is FODOR E, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P9679 (1999) in Cluster #3, with sigma of 1.00. The 7th is HATTA M, 2007, PLOS PATHOG, V3, P1374, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.0030133 (2007) in Cluster #0, with sigma of 1.00. The 8th is KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90256-X (1987) in Cluster #5, with sigma of 1.00. The 9th is PALMER DF, 1975, IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, V6, P51 (1975) in Cluster #1, with sigma of 1.00. The 10th is SCHOLTISSEK C, 1983, VIROLOGY, V129, P521, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90194-0 (1983) in Cluster #4, with sigma of 1.00.
sigma  references  cluster #
1.00  ITOH Y, 2009, NATURE, V460, P1021, DOI 10.1038/NATURE08260, 2009, SO, V, P  10
1.00  BEAN WJ, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P228, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90343-7, 1980, SO, V, P  4
1.00  HATTA M, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1840, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1062882, 2001, SO, V, P  0
1.00  HUDDLESTON JA, 1982, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V10, P1029, DOI 10.1093/NAR/10.3.1029, 1982, SO, V, P  4
1.00  NEUMANN G, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9345, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.96.16.9345, 1999, SO, V, P  2
1.00  FODOR E, 1999, J VIROL, V73, P9679, 1999, SO, V, P  3
1.00  HATTA M, 2007, PLOS PATHOG, V3, P1374, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.0030133, 2007, SO, V, P  0
1.00  KAWAOKA Y, 1987, VIROLOGY, V158, P218, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90256-X, 1987, SO, V, P  5
1.00  PALMER DF, 1975, IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, V6, P51, 1975, SO, V, P  1
1.00  SCHOLTISSEK C, 1983, VIROLOGY, V129, P521, DOI 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90194-0, 1983, SO, V, P  4

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其中1999年最为重要的基础成果文献之一为Generation of influenza A viruses entirely from cloned cDNAs，该研究是日本文教省，卫生部等官方机构资助的研究。此时该人及该文的第一作者Neumann, G (Neumann, Gabriele)，Kawaoka, Y (Kawaoka, Yoshihiro均在美国威斯康星州麦迪逊大学。如何解释？

附：

Generation of influenza A viruses entirely from cloned cDNAs作者:Neumann, G (Neumann, G); Watanabe, T (Watanabe, T); Ito, H (Ito, H); Watanabe, S (Watanabe, S); Goto, H (Goto, H); Gao, P (Gao, P); Hughes, M (Hughes, M); Perez, DR (Perez, DR); Donis, R (Donis, R); Hoffmann, E (Hoffmann, E)更多内容

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷:96
期:16
页:9345-9350
DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9345
出版年:AUG 3 1999
摘要We describe a new reverse-genetics system that allows one to efficiently generate influenza A viruses entirely from cloned cDNAs. Human embryonic kidney cells (293T) were transfected with eight plasmids, each encoding a viral RNA. of the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) or A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, flanked by the human RNA polymerase I promoter and the mouse RNA polymerase I terminator-together with plasmids encoding viral nucleoprotein and the PB2, PB1, and PA viral polymerases. This strategy yielded >1 x 10(3) plaque-forming units (pfu) of virus per mi of supernatant at is hr posttransfection. The addition of plasmids expressing all of the remaining viral structural proteins led to a substantial increase in virus production, 3 x 10(4)-5 x 10(7) pfu/ml. We also used reverse genetics to generate a reassortant virus containing the PB1 gene of the A/PR/8/34 virus, with all other genes representing A/WSN/33. Additional viruses produced by this method had mutations in the PA gene or possessed a foreign epitope in the head of the neuraminidase protein. This efficient system, which does not require helper virus infection, should be useful in viral mutagenesis studies and in the production of vaccines and gene therapy vectors.
关键词作者信息通讯作者地址:    Kawaoka, Y (通讯作者)

Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.

地址:   

	[ 1 ] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA
	[ 2 ] Hokkaido Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Dis Control, Microbiol Lab, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600818, Japan
	[ 3 ] Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
	[ 4 ] Inst Mikro & Mol Biol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany

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Neumann, G 一些研究的资助机构

This work was supported by the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan; by ERATO (Japan Science and Technology Agency); and by an NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP; HHSN266200700010C) grant to Y.K.

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731部队首任部队长石井四郎的供述，截至1942年，731部队共研制生产了2470枚细菌炸弹。

地址：http://world.huanqiu.com/article/2014-07/5051233.html

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Yoshihiro Kawaoka在美国wisc.edu的主页
http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/people/kawaokay/

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In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses

作者:Itoh, Y (Itoh, Yasushi)[ 1,2 ] ; Shinya, K (Shinya, Kyoko); Kiso, M (Kiso, Maki)[ 3 ] ; Watanabe, T (Watanabe, Tokiko)[ 4 ] ; Sakoda, Y (Sakoda, Yoshihiro)[ 5 ] ; Hatta, M (Hatta, Masato)[ 4 ] ; Muramoto, Y (Muramoto, Yukiko)[ 6 ] ; Tamura, D (Tamura, Daisuke)[ 3 ] ; Sakai-Tagawa, Y (Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko)[ 3 ] ; Noda, T (Noda, Takeshi)[ 7 ]

NATURE

卷: 460

期: 7258

页: 1021-U110

DOI: 10.1038/nature08260

出版年: AUG 20 2009

Influenza A viruses cause recurrent outbreaks at local or global scale with potentially severe consequences for human health and the global economy. Recently, a new strain of influenza A virus was detected that causes disease in and transmits among humans, probably owing to little or no pre-existing immunity to the new strain. On 11 June 2009 the World Health Organization declared that the infections caused by the new strain had reached pandemic proportion. Characterized as an influenza A virus of the H1N1 subtype, the genomic segments of the new strain were most closely related to swine viruses(1). Most human infections with swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses (S-OIVs) seem to be mild; however, a substantial number of hospitalized individuals do not have underlying health issues, attesting to the pathogenic potential of S-OIVs. To achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by the new virus, we characterized one of the first US S-OIV isolates, A/California/04/09 ( H1N1; hereafter referred to as CA04), as well as several other S-OIV isolates, in vitro and in vivo. In mice and ferrets, CA04 and other S- OIV isolates tested replicate more efficiently than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus. In addition, CA04 replicates efficiently in non-human primates, causes more severe pathological lesions in the lungs of infected mice, ferrets and non-human primates than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus, and transmits among ferrets. In specific-pathogen-free miniature pigs, CA04 replicates without clinical symptoms. The assessment of human sera from different age groups suggests that infection with human H1N1 viruses antigenically closely related to viruses circulating in 1918 confers neutralizing antibody activity to CA04. Finally, we show that CA04 is sensitive to approved and experimental antiviral drugs, suggesting that these compounds could function as a first line of defence against the recently declared S- OIV pandemic.
关键词

KeyWords Plus:RESISTANT INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; CELLS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; MODEL
作者信息

通讯作者地址: Kawaoka, Y (通讯作者)
Kobe Univ, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.

golden21c

Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus

作者:Neumann, G (Neumann, Gabriele)[ 1 ] ; Noda, T (Noda, Takeshi)[ 3 ] ; Kawaoka, Y (Kawaoka, Yoshihiro)[ 1,2,3,4 ]

NATURE

卷: 459

期: 7249

页: 931-939

DOI: 10.1038/nature08157

出版年: JUN 18 2009

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摘要

Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. The emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public health and the scientific communities. A prime example is the recent emergence of swine-origin H1N1 viruses that have transmitted to and spread among humans, resulting in outbreaks internationally. Efforts to control these outbreaks and real-time monitoring of the evolution of this virus should provide us with invaluable information to direct infectious disease control programmes and to improve understanding of the factors that determine viral pathogenicity and/or transmissibility.
关键词

KeyWords PlusOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; A H5N1 VIRUS; MEDIATED ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES; POLYMERASE SUBUNIT PB2; SINGLE-AMINO-ACID; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HOST-RANGE; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILD; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
作者信息

通讯作者地址: Kawaoka, Y (通讯作者)
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA.

地址:
  [ 1 ] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA
   [ 2 ] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Div Virol, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
   [ 3 ] Univ Tokyo, Int Res Ctr Infect Dis, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
   [ 4 ] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO Infect Induced Host Responses Project, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan

电子邮件地址:kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu


电子邮件地址:kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu