巴西成为新的移民目的地

jackielie

巴西的这个具有纪念意义的转变，正聒噪着它的政治界；巴西十年来第一次由一个“人口净出口国”转变为“人口净进口国”。最近的政府统计已经证实，推动这一转变的几个主要因素都与近年来巴西爆发式的经济增长有关：南美人和亚洲人成群地涌入这个世界第六大经济体中；漂泊在美国的巴西人也被国内丰富的就业机会吸引回家；而且随着欧洲经济衰退，一波葡萄牙人返回前殖民地找工作的浪潮也正在上演（仅仅2010年6月到2011年6月，就有50000人拿到了签证）。
But with the shift has come political controversy over who should be allowed to enter the country. The numbers tell the tale: At the beginning of 2012, there were approximately 2 million foreign nationals living legally in Brazil and an estimated 600,000 undocumented immigrants. The interest from foreigners is an economic opportunity for Brazil -- which has an estimated shortage of between 200,000 and 400,000 qualified professionals in fields like oil, mining, and technology -- but it is also a political challenge.
但随着这种转变产生的关于谁应该被允许进入这个国家的政治争论也被提上了议程。以下是一个用数字讲述的故事：2012年伊始，大约有2百万外国人合法地居住在巴西，并且还有600000非法入境的移民。吸引这些外国人的自然是巴西的经济机会。巴西的石油，矿产和科技行业估计缺口200000至400000的合格专业人员。
Brazil still has tight immigration restrictions put in place by the country's former military government in 1980, and though immigration reform is clearly needed, there's controversy over what form it should take. Portugal is still by far the largest source of immigrants to Brazil, followed by neighboring Bolivia. The Chinese population is growing as well. But Brazil's center-left government is considering reforms meant to bring in 10 times the current number of skilled professionals. Even though the unemployment rate is still below 6 percent, however, there's little public appetite for allowing in more unskilled labor. (One sociologist has compared the policy of focusing on skilled European migrants to Brazil's use of immigrants to \"whiten\" the country after the abolition of slavery in the late 19th century.)
巴西仍旧延续着的前任军政府从1980年开始实施的严厉的移民限制。而且尽管移民政策改革已经非常迫切，但是关于要实行什么类型的移民制度的争论还在继续。葡萄牙是巴西移民的主要来源，其次是巴西邻国玻利维亚。中国的人口同样也在增长，但是巴西政府酝酿中的这次改革打算把现有的熟练的专业人员数量扩大十倍。尽管失业率仍然低于6%，然而，对普通劳动力的社会需求还是比较低。（一位社会学家把这种只重视欧洲移民的政策，与19世纪末巴西废除奴隶制之后用国外移民来“白化”这个国家的现象作了对比。）
Brazil is also grappling with a growing illegal-immigration problem. In January, after some 4,000 Haitian immigrants made their way across the Americas to enter the country's remote Amazon region, the government restricted the number of work visas for Haitians to just 100 per month. But Haitian migrants have reportedly continued to flow in this year through the country's sparsely protected border with Bolivia and are receiving humanitarian aid from northern Acre state. Brazil's economic growth may have put it in a position where it now rivals the United States for influence in the Western Hemisphere, but it has also inherited one of the north's thorniest political dilemmas.
巴西正在与非法移民问题纠缠着。在今年一月，有4000海地移民穿越美洲进入了巴西偏远的亚马逊地区，此事之后巴西政府把给海地的工作签证数量限制在了每月100人。但是据说今年仍旧有海地移民继续源源不断地从巴西与玻利维亚之间的疏于管理的边境线上进入巴西，而且还受到了巴西北部爱卡州的人道主义援助。巴西的经济增长使它的影响力成为了美国在西半球的竞争对手，但是它也继承了北半球的那种棘手的政治窘境
http://article.yeeyan.org/view/272732/334704
走，移民巴西！