壬辰英语学习帖

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mutual ：mutual feelings such as respect, trust, or hatred are feelings that two or more people have for each other
mutual respect/trust/understanding etc
Mutual respect is necessary for any partnership to work.
European nations can live together in a spirit of mutual trust.
I didn't like Dev, and the feeling seemed to be mutual.
The two men were a mutual admiration society , gushing about how much they were learning from each other.

robust ：a robust person is strong and healthy
a robust man of six feet four

brutal ：very cruel and violent
brutal murder/attack/assault
a brutal attack on a defenceless old man
a brutal man

cruel ：making someone suffer or feel unhappy
His death was a cruel blow .
Sometimes life seems unbearably cruel.

contempt ：a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect
contempt for
The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
utter/deep contempt
The report shows utter contempt for women's judgement.
open/undisguised contempt
She looked at him with undisguised contempt.
The public is treated with contempt by broadcasters.
How could she have loved a man who so clearly held her in contempt ?
beneath contempt
That sort of behaviour is simply beneath contempt (=does not deserve respect or attention) .

comic ：amusing you and making you want to laugh
a comic novel
comic writer/actress/performer etc (=someone who writes or performs things that make you laugh)
comic relief (=a situation in a serious story that makes you relax a little because it is funny)
The song provides some comic relief from the intensity of the scene.

unshakable ：an unshakeable faith, belief etc is very strong and cannot be changed or destroyed

phlegm ：unusual calmness in worrying, frightening, or exciting situations

plaything ：someone that you use for your own amusement or advantage, without caring about them
men who treat women as playthings

dainty ：something small that is good to eat, especially something sweet such as a cake

contrive ：to succeed in doing something in spite of difficulties
contrive to do something
Schindler contrived to save more than 1,000 Polish Jews from the Nazis.

sufficient ：as much as is needed for a particular purpose
We can only prosecute if there is sufficient evidence.
Unauthorized absence is sufficient reason for dismissal.
We need sufficient time to deal with the problem.
sufficient to do something
The money is not sufficient to cover everything that needs doing.
sufficient for
The recipe is sufficient for six people.

rapid ：happening or done very quickly and in a very short time
The patient made a rapid recovery.
rapid growth/expansion/development/increase
rapid population growth
a period of rapid decline
He fired three times in rapid succession (=one after another) .

synonymous ：something that is synonymous with something else is considered to be very closely connected with it
synonymous with
Nixon's name has become synonymous with political scandal.

dine ：dine out
to eat dinner in a restaurant or in someone else's house
They would dine out together once a month.

torment ：to deliberately treat someone cruelly by annoying them or hurting them
The older boys would torment him whenever they had the chance.

belly ：the front part of your body between your chest and your legs
She was lying on her belly.

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turf ：a surface that consists of soil with grass on top, or an artificial surface that looks like this
soft green turf

cast ：cast about/around for something
to try hard to think of the right thing to do or say
She cast about frantically for an excuse.
Telecoms companies are casting around for ways of recouping huge losses.

sorrowful ：very sad
a sorrowful expression

unutterable ：an unutterable feeling is too extreme to be expressed in words

melancholy ：a feeling of sadness for no particular reason
He sank into deep melancholy.

reign ：if a feeling or quality reigns, it exists strongly for a period of time
For several minutes confusion reigned .
Silence reigned while we waited for news.

vague ：unclear because someone does not give enough detailed information or does not say exactly what they mean
The governor gave only a vague outline of his tax plan.
vague about
Julia was vague about where she had been and what she had been doing.

stupor ：a state in which you cannot think, speak, see, or hear clearly, usually because you have drunk too much alcohol or taken drugs
We found him lying at the bottom of the stairs in a drunken stupor .

grasshopper ：an insect that has long back legs for jumping and that makes short loud noises

chirp ：if a bird or insect chirps, it makes short high sounds

husky ：a husky voice is deep, quiet, and attractive
'Come quickly,' she said in a husky whisper.

sincerity ：when someone is sincere and really means what they are saying
I don't doubt her sincerity, but I think she's got her facts wrong.
May I say in all sincerity that we could not have achieved this much without your help and support.

think ：think aloud
also think out loud
to say what you are thinking, without talking to anyone in particular
Oh, sorry. I was thinking aloud.

inmost ：your inmost feelings, desires etc are your most personal and secret ones
In his inmost heart, he knew he didn't love me.

monotonous ：boring because of always being the same
a monotonous diet
a little boy who wet his bed with monotonous regularity

serene ：very calm or peaceful
The child's face was serene and beautiful.
a serene mountain lake

dwell ：to live in a particular place
They dwelt in the middle of the forest.
dwell on/upon something
to think or talk for too long about something, especially something unpleasant
That is not a subject I want to dwell on.

agony ：a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experience
It was agony not knowing if she would live.
agony of
He was in agonies of remorse.

obstinate ：determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc, even when other people think you are being unreasonable
He was the most obstinate man I've ever met.
Don't be so obstinate!
an obstinate refusal to obey

gay ：cheerful and excited
She felt excited and quite gay.

weary ：very tired or bored, especially because you have been doing something for a long time
She found Rachel in the kitchen, looking old and weary.
She sat down with a weary sigh.
weary of (doing) something
He was weary of the constant battle between them.

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despise ：to dislike and have a low opinion of someone or something
She despised her neighbours.

vile ：extremely unpleasant or bad
This coffee tastes really vile .
a vile smell
She has a vile temper .

sinner ：someone who has sinned by not obeying God's laws

aback ：be taken aback (by something)
to be very surprised or shocked by something
For a moment, I was completely taken aback by her request.

chase ：to quickly follow someone or something in order to catch them
The dogs saw him running and chased him.
kids chasing around the house
chase somebody along/down/up something etc
The police chased the suspect along Severn Avenue.
chase after
A gang of boys chased after her, calling her names.

dash ：to go or run somewhere very quickly
Olive dashed into the room, grabbed her bag, and ran out again.

stump ：if you are stumped by a question or problem, you are unable to find an answer to it
a case that has stumped the police
The doctors were stumped and had to call in a specialist.

impertinent ：rude and not respectful, especially to someone who is older or more important
He was always asking impertinent questions.
You are an impertinent young woman.

revolt ：to refuse to accept someone's authority or obey rules or laws
revolt against
Some members of the government may revolt against this proposed legislation.

gleam ：to shine softly
His teeth gleamed under his moustache.
gleam with
The wooden panelling was gleaming with wax polish.

shimmer ：to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly
The lake shimmered in the moonlight.

meadow ：a field with wild grass and flowers

melodious ：something that sounds melodious sounds like music or has a pleasant tune
He spoke in a quiet melodious voice.

shrill ：a shrill sound is very high and unpleasant
'That's not true,' she protested in a shrill voice.
a shrill whistle
Fran uttered a shrill scream.

tremolo ：musical notes which are repeated very quickly

rustle ：if leaves, papers, clothes etc rustle, or if you rustle them, they make a noise as they rub against each other
She moved nearer, her long silk skirt rustling around her.
He rustled the papers on his desk.

nightingale ：a small bird that sings very beautifully, especially at night

embrace ：to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc
We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.
Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.

misjudge ：to form a wrong or unfair opinion about a person or a situation
The government misjudged the mood of the electorate.
I think you've misjudged her.

remorse ：a strong feeling of being sorry that you have done something very bad
Throughout the trial, he had shown no remorse .
remorse for
She felt a pang of remorse for what she had done.
be full of remorse/be filled with remorse
Filled with remorse, Dillon decided to resign.

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naughty ：a naughty child does not obey adults and behaves badly
You're a very naughty boy! Look what you've done!

passionate ：if you are passionate about something, you like it a lot
She developed a passionate interest in wild flowers.
passionate about
I've always been passionate about football.

grateful ：feeling that you want to thank someone because of something kind that they have done, or showing this feeling
grateful for
I'm so grateful for all your help.
grateful to
I am very grateful to all those who took the trouble to write to me.
grateful (that)
She should be grateful that he was making things easier for her.
extremely/deeply/eternally etc grateful
I am extremely grateful for the assistance your staff have provided.
Our grateful thanks go to all who participated.
She gave me a grateful look.

distinguish ：to recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people
distinguish between
His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.
distinguish somebody/something from
a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue

hop ：if a bird, an insect, or a small animal hops, it moves by making quick short jumps

swarm ：if people swarm somewhere, they go there as a large, uncontrolled crowd
Photographers were swarming around the princess.

induce ：to persuade someone to do something, especially something that does not seem wise
induce somebody to do something
Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.

submit ：to suggest or say something
submit (that)
I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.

protest ：to say that you strongly disagree with or are angry about something because you think it is wrong or unfair
'I don't see why I should take the blame for this!' she protested.
protest that
Clive protested that he hadn't been given enough time to do everything.

hair ：not turn a hair
to remain completely calm when something bad or surprising suddenly happens

wipe ：wipe somebody/something ↔ out
to destroy, remove, or get rid of something completely
Whole villages were wiped out by the floods.
Nothing could wipe out his bitter memories of the past.

conviction ：a very strong belief or opinion
religious/political etc convictions
a woman of strong political convictions
deep/strong conviction
The Dotens have a deep conviction that marriage is for life.
conviction that
The students possess the conviction that they can make a difference to their community.

frank ：honest and truthful
be frank with somebody
He was completely frank with her about what happened.
be frank about something
She was quite frank about the whole thing.
frank discussion/interview/exchange of views etc

piteous ：expressing suffering and sadness in a way that makes you feel pity
She gave a long piteous cry.

sake ：for the sake of somebody/something
also for somebody's/something's sake
in order to help, improve, or please someone or something
He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.
I only went for Kay's sake.
I hope he's told the truth for his own sake (=because it will be good for him) .

impious ：lacking respect for religion or God
an impious crime

blasphemy ：something you say or do that is insulting to God or people's religious beliefs

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distress ：a feeling of extreme unhappiness
Luke's behaviour caused his parents great distress.
in distress
The girl was crying and clearly in distress.

sulk ：to be silently angry and refuse to be friendly or discuss what is annoying or upsetting you - used to show disapproval
Nicola sulked all morning.

resentment ：a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair
resentment at/against/of etc
She was filled with deep resentment at being passed over for promotion.
feel/harbour/bear resentment
He felt considerable resentment towards Sheila for making him work late.

melody ：a tune
They played some lovely melodies.
a haunting melody

revenge ：something you do in order to punish someone who has harmed or offended you
get/have/take (your) revenge (on somebody)
He took revenge on his employers by setting fire to the factory.
revenge for
She is seeking revenge for the murder of her husband.
in revenge for something
a bomb attack in revenge for the imprisonment of the terrorists
The murder was an act of revenge for the earlier killings.

delighted ：very pleased and happy
delighted to do something
Sandy will be delighted to see you.
delighted (that)
I'm delighted that we have settled the matter.
delighted with/by/at
She was delighted with her new home.
I am delighted by the result.
Her screams of delighted laughter filled the air.

boredom ：the feeling you have when you are bored, or the quality of being boring
a game to relieve the boredom of a long journey
the sheer boredom of being in jail
boredom with
his boredom with life in a small town

pious ：having strong religious beliefs, and showing this in the way you behave
He was a quiet, pious man.

inspiration ：a good idea about what you should do, write, say etc, especially one which you get suddenly
The Malvern Hills have provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.
He raised his eyes to the altar as if seeking inspiration .
He draws inspiration from ordinary scenes.
Mary Quant's inspiration comes from the glam style of the 70s.
He had a sudden flash of inspiration .
He has always been a source of inspiration for me.

manuscript ：a book or piece of writing before it is printed
in manuscript
I read his novel in manuscript.
Unfortunately, parts of the original manuscript have been lost.

impressive ：something that is impressive makes you admire it because it is very good, large, important etc
Among the guests was an impressive array of authors and critics.
the remains of an impressive Roman villa

smack ：to hit someone, especially a child, with your open hand in order to punish them
the debate about whether parents should smack their children

blithe ：happy and having no worries

spank ：to hit a child on their bottom with your open hand, as a punishment

loath ：to hate someone or something very much
He loathes their politics.
loathe doing something
I absolutely loathe shopping.

familiarity ：a relaxed way of speaking to someone or behaving with someone
He treated her with the easy familiarity of an equal.

xhfzjlx

学了很多年英语，还是哑巴、聋子，是自己的失败，教育的耻辱？？？

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dedicate ：to give all your attention and effort to one particular thing
dedicate yourself/your life to something
The actress now dedicates herself to children's charity work.

disposition ：the position or arrangement of something in a particular place
disposition of
a map showing the disposition of American forces

gracious ：behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank
Sibyl was the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with.
a gracious apology

inclined ：be inclined to do something/inclined to something
to be likely to do something or behave in a particular way
Commandos are inclined to shoot first and ask questions later.
He was inclined to self-pity.

homage ：something you do to show respect for someone or something you think is important
The film pays homage to Martin Scorsese's 'Mean Streets'.

conference ：a private meeting for a few people to have formal discussions
conference with
After a brief conference with his aides, he left for the airport.
conference room/table etc
The meeting will be held in the conference room at 10 am.
in conference
Mr Dickson is in conference.

heated ：heated argument/debate/discussion etc
an argument etc that is full of angry and excited feelings

erase ：to remove writing from paper
Some of the names had been accidentally erased.

verse ：a set of lines that forms one part of a song, poem, or a book such as the Bible or the Koran
Let's sing the last verse again.
Learn the first two verses of the poem by heart.
Genesis chapter 3, verse 13

recite ：to say a poem, piece of literature etc that you have learned, for people to listen to
She recited a poem that she had learnt at school.

squabble ：to argue about something unimportant
squabble over/about
They're always squabbling over money.
squabble with
He's squabbling with the referee.

thump ：to hit against something loudly
His feet thumped loudly on the bare boards.
He thumped his cup down on the table.

dictate ：to say words for someone else to write down
dictate a letter/memo etc to somebody
She's dictating a letter to her secretary right now.

declaim ：to speak loudly, sometimes with actions, so that people notice you

emphasis ：special importance that is given to a word or phrase by saying it louder or higher, or by printing it in a special way
emphasis on
The emphasis should be on the first syllable.
'And I can assure you,' she said with emphasis , 'that he is innocent.'

involuntary ：an involuntary movement, sound, reaction etc is one that you make suddenly and without intending to because you cannot control yourself
When Willie tapped on a window, Miguel gave an involuntary jump.

illustrate ：to make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples
Let me give an example to illustrate the point .
She illustrated her discussion with diagrams.

gesture ：something that you say or do, often something small, to show how you feel about someone or something
They decided it would be a nice gesture to send her a card.
Tearing up the price list was simply a symbolic gesture.
gesture of
As a gesture of goodwill, we have decided to waive the charges on this occasion.
gesture towards
The Queen has now made a gesture towards public opinion.

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clumsy ：a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone
David made a clumsy attempt to comfort us.
a clumsy piece of diplomacy

smudge ：if ink, writing etc smudges, or if you smudge it, it becomes dirty and unclear because it has been touched or rubbed
Don't touch it! You'll smudge the ink.

immaculate ：very clean and tidy
He wore an immaculate dark-blue suit.
an immaculate kitchen

dictate ：to tell someone exactly what they must do or how they must behave
dictate to
The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government.
dictate who/what/how etc
Can they dictate how the money will be spent?
Federal funds have to be used as dictated by Washington.
dictate that
Islamic custom dictates that women should be fully covered.
The US government attempted to dictate the terms of the agreement.

mantelpiece ：a wooden or stone shelf which is the top part of a frame surrounding a fireplace
The clock on the mantelpiece struck 10.

handiwork ：somebody's handiwork
something that someone has made or done using their hands in a skilful way
She stood back and admired her handiwork.

straddle ：to sit or stand with your legs on either side of someone or something
The photo shows him dressed in leather, straddling a motorbike.

wag ：to move your finger or head from side to side, especially to show disapproval
'You naughty girl!' Mom said, wagging her finger at me.

connoisseur ：someone who knows a lot about something such as art, food, or music
a wine connoisseur
connoisseur of
Fry was a connoisseur of Renaissance art.

epistle ：a long or important letter

sublime ：something that is sublime is so good or beautiful that it affects you deeply
The view was sublime.
Her songs are a sublime fusion of pop and Brazilian music.

gracious ：used as a polite way of describing a royal person
our gracious Queen

occupation ：a way of spending your time
One of my childhood occupations was collecting stamps.

ally ：to help and support other people or countries, especially in a war or disagreement
ally yourself to/with somebody
Some of the northern cities allied themselves with the emperor.

muse ：one of the nine ancient Greek goddesses who each represented a particular art or science
the Muse of History

harmony ：when people live or work together without fighting or disagreeing with each other
I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
peace and harmony
an era of peace and harmony
live/work etc in harmony

inspiration ：a good idea about what you should do, write, say etc, especially one which you get suddenly
The Malvern Hills have provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.
He raised his eyes to the altar as if seeking inspiration .
He draws inspiration from ordinary scenes.
Mary Quant's inspiration comes from the glam style of the 70s.
He had a sudden flash of inspiration .
He has always been a source of inspiration for me.

bold ：written or drawn in a very clear way
an envelope addressed to her in a bold black hand
The graphics are bold and colourful.
The print should be bold and easy to read.

harmony ：notes of music combined together in a pleasant way
in harmony
a choir singing in perfect harmony
the gorgeous vocal harmonies on 'Mexicali Rose'
three-part harmonies

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temerity ：when someone says or does something in a way that shows a lack of respect for other people and is likely to offend them
He actually had the temerity to tell her to lose weight.

audacity ：the quality of having enough courage to take risks or say impolite things
have the audacity to do something
I can't believe he had the audacity to ask me for more money!

throne ：a special chair used by a king or queen at important ceremonies

approbation ：official praise or approval

paternal ：paternal feelings or behaviour are like those of a kind father towards his children
Dan took a paternal interest in my work.

talent ：a natural ability to do something well
He has a lot of talent , and his work is fresh and interesting.
talent for
She showed a talent for acting at an early age.
a persuasive speaker with a natural talent for leadership
His latest book reveals hidden talents .
Sadly, she inherited none of her father's musical talent .
Your brother is a man of many talents .
There's a wealth of talent in English football.
talent for
She showed a talent for acting at an early age.

holy ：holy cow/mackerel etc
used to express feelings such as surprise or fear

offering ：something that is given as a present to please someone

venerate ：to honour or respect someone or something because they are old, holy, or connected with the past
a symbol of Arab courage, to be venerated for generations
venerate somebody as something
These children are venerated as holy beings.

humility ：the quality of not being too proud about yourself - use this to show approval

submissive ：always willing to obey someone and never disagreeing with them, even if they are unkind to you
In those days women were expected to be quiet and submissive.

obedient ：your obedient servant
a phrase used to end a very formal letter

flavor ：an idea of what the typical qualities of something are
flavour of
Marston's book gives you a flavour of life in the 16th century.

masterpiece ：a work of art, a piece of writing or music etc that is of very high quality or that is the best that a particular artist, writer etc has produced
Mary Shelley was just 18 when she wrote the horror masterpiece 'Frankenstein'.

grant ：to give someone something or allow them to have something that they have asked for
Britain could grant Spain's request .
I would love to be able to grant her wish.
grant somebody something
The council have granted him permission to build on the site.
grant something to somebody
A licence to sell alcohol was granted to the club.
grant that
(=used in prayers) Grant that we may know your presence and love.

academy ：an official organization which encourages the development of literature, art, science etc
the American Academy of Arts and Letters

disposal ：at somebody's disposal
available for someone to use
Tanner had a lot of cash at his disposal .
somebody is at your (complete) disposal (=someone is ready to help you in any way)

engage ：to employ someone to do a particular job
engage somebody to do something
Her father engaged a tutor to improve her maths.
engage somebody as something
We'd be able to engage local people as volunteers.

fengleaves

最近也特别想学英语！希望楼主坚持

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proportion ：sense of proportion
the ability to judge what is most important in a situation
have/keep/lose a sense of proportion
You can protest by all means, but keep a sense of proportion.

undertake ：undertake to do something
to promise or agree to do something
He undertook to pay the money back in six months.

expense ：the amount of money that you spend on something
legal/medical/living/travel etc expenses (=the money that you spend for a particular purpose)
He borrowed

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anticipate ：to expect that something will happen and be ready for it
Sales are better than anticipated.
anticipate changes/developments
The schedule isn't final, but we don't anticipate many changes.
anticipate problems/difficulties
We don't anticipate any problems.
A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience's needs and concerns.
anticipate (that)
This year, we anticipate that our expenses will be 15% greater.
It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications.
anticipate doing something
I didn't anticipate having to do the cooking myself!

merriment ：laughter, fun, and enjoyment
Her eyes sparkled with merriment.
the sounds of merriment

decide ：decide on/upon something
to choose something or someone after thinking carefully
Have you decided on a date for the wedding?

linen ：cloth made from the flax plant, used to make high quality clothes, home decorations etc
a linen jacket

patent-leather ：thin shiny leather, usually black
patent leather shoes

pump ：a flat light shoe for dancing, exercise, sport etc

garment ：a piece of clothing
She pulled the garment on and zipped it up.
garment industry/factory/district etc
She works in the garment district of Manhattan.
a beautiful range of hand knitted garments
outer/upper garment
The outer garment was a loose-fitting robe.

liberty ：the freedom and the right to do whatever you want without asking permission or being afraid of authority
the fight for liberty and equality
individual/personal liberty
threats to individual liberty
religious/political/economic liberty
struggles for political liberty

rage ：to feel very angry about something and show this in the way you behave or speak
rage at/against
He was sorry he had raged at her earlier.
'How was I to know!' Jenny raged.

rebel ：to oppose or fight against someone in authority or against an idea or situation which you do not agree with
rebel against
teenage boys rebelling against their parents

accomplish ：to succeed in doing something, especially after trying very hard
We have accomplished all we set out to do.
Mission accomplished (=we have done what we intended to do) .

startling ：very unusual or surprising
Paddy's words had a startling effect on the children. a startling discovery
it is startling to do something
It is startling to read that his father never visited him in hospital.

pamper ：to look after someone very kindly, for example by giving them the things that they want and making them feel warm and comfortable
She spent her childhood as the pampered daughter of a wealthy family.
pamper yourself
Pamper yourself with a stay in one of our luxury hotels.

swathe ：to wrap or cover something in something
women swathed in expensive furs
The moon was swathed in mist.

preside ：to be in charge of a formal event, organization, ceremony etc
I shall be pleased to preside at your meetings.
Mr Justice Waller, presiding judge for the north east
preside over something
to be in a position of authority at a time when important things are happening
The government seemed to be presiding over large-scale unemployment.

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toilet ：the act of washing and dressing yourself

rebellious ：deliberately not obeying people in authority or rules of behaviour
rebellious teenagers
He's always had a rebellious streak (=a tendency to rebel) .

superb ：extremely good
The food was superb.
superb weather

buttonhole ：a flower you fasten to your clothes

cruel ：making someone suffer or feel unhappy
His death was a cruel blow .
Sometimes life seems unbearably cruel.

garb ：a particular style of clothing, especially clothes that show your type of work or look unusual
priestly garb

instinctive ：based on instinct and not involving thought
a mother's instinctive love

humiliate ：to make someone feel ashamed or stupid, especially when other people are present
Her boss humiliated her in front of all her colleagues.

well-informed ：someone who is well-informed knows a lot about one particular subject or about many subjects
well-informed about
Most people are not very well-informed about the disease.
We had a serious and well-informed debate.

authority ：I have it on good authority
used to say that you are sure that something is true because you trust the person who told you about it

fidget ：to keep moving your hands or feet, especially because you are bored or nervous
The kids had started to fidget.
fidget with
Stop fidgeting with your pens!

torment ：severe mental or physical suffering
in torment
She lay awake all night in torment.

concern ：to make someone feel worried or upset
Issues like food additives do concern me.

bombard ：to do something too often or too much, for example criticizing or questioning someone, or giving too much information
The office was bombarded by telephone calls.
bombard somebody with something
They bombarded him with questions.
Today we are bombarded with advice on what to eat and what to avoid.

instruction ：a statement telling someone what they must do
instructions to do something
He had specific instructions to check everyone's identity cards.
instructions that
Mrs Edwards gave instructions that she was not to be disturbed.
on somebody's instructions
(=having been told by someone to do something) On the landlord's instructions, the barmaid refused to serve him.
My instructions are (=I have been told) to give the package to him personally.
Make sure you carry out the doctor's instructions .
be under instruction to do something(=have been told to do something)
The police were under instruction to fire if necessary.

infect ：if a feeling or interest that you have infects other people, it makes them begin to feel the same way or have the same interest
Lucy's enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class.

agony ：a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experience
It was agony not knowing if she would live.
agony of
He was in agonies of remorse.

bother ：to make someone feel slightly worried, upset, or concerned
Being in a crowd really bothers me.
It was very noisy, but that didn't bother me.
bother about
I try not to bother about what other people think.
bother somebody that
It really bothered me that he'd forgotten my birthday.

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invention ：the ability to think of new and clever ideas
With such powers of invention he should get a job easily.

classify ：to regard people or things as belonging to a particular group because they have similar qualities
As a musician, Cage is hard to classify.

category ：a group of people or things that are all of the same type
category of
There are five categories of workers.
people in the over-45 age category
Seats are available in eight of the 10 price categories .
fall into/belong in/fit into a category
Voters fall into three main categories .
Williams' style does not fit easily into the category of jazz.

meadow ：a field with wild grass and flowers

transparent ：if something is transparent, you can see through it
a transparent plastic container

furnace ：a large container for a very hot fire, used to produce power, heat, or liquid metal

gigantic ：extremely big
a gigantic skyscraper

column ：something that has a tall thin shape
column of
a column of smoke

quiver ：to shake slightly because you are cold, or because you feel very afraid, angry, excited etc
The child was quivering in her arms.
Her mouth quivered slightly as she turned away.
quiver with indignation/anger etc
I lay there quivering with fear.
His voice was quivering with rage.

swoop ：a sudden surprise attack on a place in order to get something or take people away - used especially in news reports
swoop on
Police arrested a man in a swoop on his house last night.

imperious ：giving orders and expecting to be obeyed, in a way that seems too proud
She raised her hand in an imperious gesture.

ardor ：very strong admiration or excitement
with ardour
They sang with real ardour.

agitate ：to make someone feel anxious, upset, and nervous
I must warn you that any mention of Clare agitates your grandmother.

headlong ：very quickly, without looking where you are going
Mortimer almost ran headlong into a patrol.

numb ：a part of your body that is numb is unable to feel anything, for example because you are very cold
My fingers were so numb I could hardly write.
The anaesthetic made his whole face go numb .

thrill ：to make someone feel excited and happy
His music continues to thrill audiences.
thrill to something
to feel excited and happy about something
In the 1960s, the public thrilled to the idea of space exploration.

sole ：the bottom surface of your foot, especially the part you walk or stand on
The soles of his feet were caked in mud.

drum ：to make a sound similar to a drum by hitting a surface again and again
I could hear the rain drumming against the windows.
Lisa drummed her fingers impatiently on the table.

charge ：an order to do something
charge to do something
The old servant fulfilled his master's charge to care for the children.

limb ：an arm or leg

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intense ：having a very strong effect or felt very strongly
Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.
the intense heat of the desert
The pain was so intense I couldn't sleep.
He took an intense interest in all religious matters.
a look of intense dislike

crash ：to make a sudden loud noise
Thunder crashed and boomed outside.

cymbal ：a musical instrument in the form of a thin round metal plate, which you play by hitting it with a stick or by hitting two of them together
the clash of cymbals

military ：used by, involving, or relating to the army, navy, or airforce
a military helicopter
military equipment
The government has threatened to take military action if the rebels do not withdraw from the area.
The United States is prepared to use military force to achieve its aims.
a raid by European military forces (=the army, navy, or air force)

strident ：forceful and determined, especially in a way that is offensive or annoying
strident criticism

transition ：when something changes from one form or state to another
transition from something to something
the smooth transition from full-time work to full retirement
Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.
a society that is in transition (=changing)
the period of transition to full democracy

brutal ：not pleasant and not sensitive to people's feelings
He replied with brutal honesty.

grind ：grind your teeth
to rub your upper and lower teeth together, making a noise

rejoice ：to feel or show that you are very happy
rejoice at/over/in
His family rejoiced at the news. We rejoiced in our good fortune.

salute ：to move your right hand to your head, especially in order to show respect to an officer in the army, navy etc
The two soldiers saluted Lieutenant Cecil.
The men jumped to their feet and saluted.

national anthem ：the official song of a nation that is sung or played on public occasions

sake ：for the sake of somebody/something
also for somebody's/something's sake
in order to help, improve, or please someone or something
He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.
I only went for Kay's sake.
I hope he's told the truth for his own sake (=because it will be good for him) .

gesticulate ：to make movements with your arms and hands, usually while speaking, because you are excited, angry, or cannot think of the right words to use
Jane gesticulated wildly and shouted 'Stop! Stop!'

twitter ：to talk about unimportant and silly things, usually very quickly and nervously in a high voice

garb ：a particular style of clothing, especially clothes that show your type of work or look unusual
priestly garb

anticipate ：to expect that something will happen and be ready for it
Sales are better than anticipated.
anticipate changes/developments
The schedule isn't final, but we don't anticipate many changes.
anticipate problems/difficulties
We don't anticipate any problems.
A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience's needs and concerns.
anticipate (that)
This year, we anticipate that our expenses will be 15% greater.
It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications.
anticipate doing something
I didn't anticipate having to do the cooking myself!

gipsy ：someone who does not like to stay in the same place for a long time

choicely

谢谢楼主资料

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complexion ：the natural colour or appearance of the skin on your face
Drinking lots of water is good for the complexion.
pale/fair/ruddy etc complexion (=a pale, fair, red etc face)
fair-complexioned/smooth-complexioned etc
She was fair-complexioned with pale blonde hair.

timid ：not having courage or confidence
I was a timid child.
a policy that is both timid and inadequate

trot ：if a person or animal trots, they run fairly slowly, taking short regular steps
She came trotting down the steps from the library.

hilarity ：laughter, or a feeling of fun
Eva joined in the hilarity as much as anyone.

refuge ：a place that provides shelter, or protection from danger
a wildlife refuge
refuge from
A huge oak tree provided a refuge from the storm.
refuge for
a refuge for battered wives

plunge ：to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards
plunge off/into etc
Her car swerved and plunged off the cliff.
Both the climbers had plunged to their deaths .

merriment ：laughter, fun, and enjoyment
Her eyes sparkled with merriment.
the sounds of merriment

imperturbable ：remaining calm and unworried in spite of problems or difficulties

certainty ：the state of being completely certain
with certainty
She knew with absolute certainty that he'd say no.
The result is impossible to predict with any degree of certainty .

concentration ：the ability to think about something carefully or for a long time
She needed all her powers of concentration to stop herself from slipping on the icy road.
Lack of concentration was a real problem.
I lost my concentration and fell asleep.

murmur ：a soft low sound made by people speaking quietly or a long way away
murmur of
the murmur of voices in the other room
She replied in a low murmur.
murmur of agreement/surprise/regret etc (=one that expresses a particular feeling)
There was a murmur of agreement from the crowd.

approbation ：official praise or approval

surge ：to suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction
surge forward/through etc
The taxi surged forward.
The crowd surged through the gates.

overcome ：to successfully control a feeling or problem that prevents you from achieving something
He struggled to overcome his shyness.
Her financial problems could no longer be overcome.

awkward ：making you feel embarrassed so that you are not sure what to do or say
I hoped he would stop asking awkward questions .
There was an awkward moment when she didn't know whether to shake his hand or kiss his cheek.
an awkward silence
A laugh can help people over an awkward situation.
Philip's remarks put her in an awkward position (=made it difficult for her to know what to do) .

humiliate ：to make someone feel ashamed or stupid, especially when other people are present
Her boss humiliated her in front of all her colleagues.

blush ：to become red in the face, usually because you are embarrassed
Wilson saw she was watching him and blushed.
Joan blushed at the unexpected compliment.
Kate blushed scarlet.

ridiculous ：very silly or unreasonable
That's a ridiculous idea!
Don't be ridiculous!
I'd look ridiculous in a dress like that.
absolutely/totally/utterly ridiculous
It's an absolutely ridiculous decision.
it is ridiculous that
It's ridiculous that we have to wait six weeks.

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enraptured ：enjoying something so much that you can think of nothing else
The orchestra played before an enraptured audience.

enthusiastic ：feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something
enthusiastic about (doing) something
All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.
The singer got an enthusiastic reception.
an enthusiastic supporter of reform

acclaim ：to praise someone or something publicly
His work was acclaimed by art critics.

budge ：to move, or to make someone or something move
She leaned on the door, but it wouldn't budge.
budge from
Will hasn't budged from his room all day.
The horse refused to budge an inch.

redouble ：redouble your efforts
to greatly increase your effort as you try to do something
Both sides redoubled their efforts to end the war.

steady ：firmly held in a particular position and not moving or shaking
hold/keep something steady
Keep the camera steady while you take a picture.
It takes a steady hand to perform surgery.

blow ：blow somebody a kiss
to kiss your hand and then pretend to blow the kiss towards someone
She leant out of the window and blew him a kiss.

passive ：someone who is passive tends to accept things that happen to them or things that people say to them, without taking any action
Kathy seems to take a very passive role in the relationship.
their passive acceptance of their fate

vanity ：too much pride in yourself, so that you are always thinking about yourself and your appearance
Sabrina had none of the vanity so often associated with beautiful women.

wing ：the wings
the parts at either side of a stage where actors are hidden from people who are watching the play

violet ：a plant with small dark purple flowers, or sometimes white or yellow ones

panic-stricken ：so frightened that you cannot think clearly or behave sensibly
Lucy suddenly looked panic-stricken.

butt ：to hit or push against something or someone with your head

anteroom ：a small room that is connected to a larger room, especially where people wait to go into the larger room

blessing ：something that you have or something that happens which is good because it improves your life, helps you in some way, or makes you happy
The dishwasher has been a real blessing!
it is a blessing (that)
It's a blessing no-one was badly hurt.

intent ：giving careful attention to something so that you think about nothing else
his intent gaze
intent on/upon
Intent upon her work, she didn't notice the cold.

gage ：to judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do
gauge whether/what/how etc
It is difficult to gauge what the other party's next move will be.
I looked at Chris, trying to gauge his reaction.

cease ：to stop doing something or stop happening
cease to do something
He ceased to be a member of the association.
The things people will do for charity never cease to amaze me (=I am always surprised by them) .
cease doing something
the decision to cease using CFCs in packaging
The rain ceased and the sky cleared.
cease trading/production/operations etc (=stop operating a business)
The company ceased production at their Norwich plant last year.
cease fire! (=used to order soldiers to stop shooting)

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cling ：to hold someone or something tightly, especially because you do not feel safe
cling to/on/at etc
He wailed and clung to his mother.
Passengers clung desperately onto the lifeboats.

wrath ：extreme anger
He was scared of incurring his father's wrath .

solemn ：a solemn promise is one that is made very seriously and with no intention of breaking it
a solemn vow I'll never be unfaithful again.
I give you my solemn word .

bristle ：if an animal's hair bristles, it stands up stiffly because the animal is afraid or angry
bristle with something
to have a lot of something or be full of something
a battleship bristling with guns

incline ：to think that a particular belief or opinion is most likely to be correct
incline to do something
I incline to accept the official version of events.
incline to/towards
I incline to the opinion that this principle extends to cases of religious discrimination.

stout ：fairly fat and heavy, or having a thick body
a short, stout man

banter ：friendly conversation in which people make a lot of jokes with and amusing remarks about each other
friendly/good-natured/light-hearted banter
banter with/between
easy banter between her cousins

familiarity ：a relaxed way of speaking to someone or behaving with someone
He treated her with the easy familiarity of an equal.

suite ：a set of rooms, especially expensive ones in a hotel
a honeymoon suite
a suite of rooms for palace guests

gown ：a long dress that a woman wears on formal occasions
wedding/evening/ball gown
a white silk wedding gown

waist ：the narrow part in the middle of the human body
The skirt was too big around the waist.
from the waist up/down (=in the top or bottom half of your body)
Lota was paralysed from the waist down.
stripped to the waist (=not wearing any clothes on the top half of your body)
slim-waisted/narrow-waisted/thick-waisted (=having a thin, thick etc waist)

lap ：the upper part of your legs when you are sitting down
on somebody's lap
Shannon sat on her mother's lap.
in somebody's lap
His hands were folded in his lap.

obsequious ：very eager to please or agree with people who are powerful - used in order to show disapproval
an obsequious smile

formal ：formal behaviour is very polite, and is used in official or important situations, or with people you do not know well
Over the years, teaching methods have changed and become less formal.

respectful ：feeling or showing respect
They listened in respectful silence.
respectful of
He was always respectful of my independence.

servile ：very eager to obey someone because you want to please them - used to show disapproval
a servile attitude

bashful ：easily embarrassed in social situations
a bashful grin
Don't be bashful about telling people how you feel.

irresistible ：so attractive, desirable etc that you cannot prevent yourself from wanting it
irresistible to
Tax-cutting proposals could prove irresistible to lawmakers.
Men find Natalie irresistible .

impulse ：a sudden strong desire to do something without thinking about whether it is a sensible thing to do
impulse to do something
a sudden impulse to laugh
Marge's first impulse was to run.
Gerry couldn't resist the impulse to kiss her.
on impulse
On impulse, I picked up the phone and rang her.
Most beginners buy plants on impulse and then hope for the best.
impulse buying/shopping (=when you buy things that you had not planned to buy)

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procure ：to obtain something, especially something that is difficult to get
procure something for somebody
He was accused of procuring weapons for terrorists.

justice ：the quality of being right and deserving fair treatment
No one doubts the justice of our cause.

air ：a simple tune, often used in the title of a piece of classical music

darling ：someone who is very nice
You really are a darling, Barney.

consternation ：a feeling of worry, shock, or fear
The government's plans have caused considerable consternation among many Americans.
A new power station is being built much to the consternation of environmental groups (=they are very worried about it) .
in consternation
He looked at her in consternation.

confusion ：a feeling of not being able to think clearly what you should say or do, especially in an embarrassing situation
His confusion at meeting her there was quite apparent.
in confusion
Matt stared at her in confusion.

stammer ：to speak with a lot of pauses and repeated sounds, either because you have a speech problem, or because you are nervous, excited etc
Whenever he was angry he would begin to stammer slightly.
Ben stammered out an apology.

criminal ：relating to crime
Experts cannot agree on the causes of criminal behaviour .
I was sure he was involved in some kind of criminal activity .
She has not committed a criminal offence (=a crime) .
He was arrested and charged with criminal damage (=damaging someone's property illegally) .
The doctor was found guilty of criminal negligence (=not taking enough care to protect people in your work) .

wheedle ：to persuade someone to do or give you something, for example by saying nice things to them that you do not mean - used to show disapproval
wheedle something from/out of somebody
She even managed to wheedle more money out of him.
wheedle somebody into doing something
You have to be able to wheedle your client into buying.
wheedle your way in/into/out of etc
Don't think you can just wheedle your way in here!

stiff ：if someone's behaviour is stiff, they behave in a very formal or unfriendly way
Their goodbyes were stiff and formal .
Parsons gave a stiff performance in the main role.

dumb ：unable to speak, because you are angry, surprised, shocked etc
He stared at the burnt-out car in dumb disbelief.
She was struck dumb with terror.

disloyal ：doing or saying things that do not support your friends, your country, or the group you belong to
disloyal to
He felt he had been disloyal to his friends.

considerably ：much or a lot
It's considerably colder today.
Conditions have improved considerably over the past few years.

meddle ：to touch something which you should not touch, especially in a careless way that might break it
meddle with
You have no right to come in here meddling with my things.

blame ：to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad
Don't blame me - it's not my fault.
I blame his mother. She does everything for him.
blame somebody/something for something
Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.
The report blames poor safety standards for the accident.
The decision to increase interest rates was widely blamed (=blamed by many people) for the crisis.
blame something on somebody/something
One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.
The crash was blamed on pilot error.

rebel ：to oppose or fight against someone in authority or against an idea or situation which you do not agree with
rebel against
teenage boys rebelling against their parents

impertinent ：rude and not respectful, especially to someone who is older or more important
He was always asking impertinent questions.
You are an impertinent young woman.

box ：box somebody's ears
to hit someone on the side of their head

idiocy ：something that you think is extremely silly or stupid
The idiocy of his behaviour appalled her.
He smiled calmly at the idiocies of mankind.