【转贴】收藏家首度公开70年代核反应堆设计原稿

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收藏家首度公开70年代核反应堆设计原稿
共8张图片，发表于2009-12-24 10:53:55
转自：http://news.163.com/photonew/05RQ0001/7476.html
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/12/reactors-gallery/all/1

20世纪70年代和80年代出品的核能国际工程中的系列反应堆示意图可以对能源工厂的配置作出精美阐述。“这不是由现代CAD绘制的东西，”克涅夫说“这真的是艺术。”
并非所有核反应堆都建造雷同。能源工厂的设计可以因其燃料、制冷剂和配置不同而区别开来，20世纪70年代和80年代出品的核能国际工程中的系列反应堆示意图可以对能源工厂的配置作出精美阐述。自那时起，这些示意图已经被山迪亚国家实验室的核工程师罗纳德·克涅夫所喜好收藏。最近，他在爱达荷国家实验室的帮助下完成了整套收藏，并且开始对图纸作数字化整理。一百多幅图纸中的前八张现已经永久存档于新墨西哥大学在线图书馆。“这不是由现代CAD绘制的东西，”克涅夫说“这真的是艺术。”

Reactor Drawings Make Nuclear History Beautiful

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美国核电站主流型式是压水式核反应堆。标准核子电站系统，简称SNUPPS，由西屋电器承建。这种系统通过高压使流经反应堆核心的水流脱离沸腾态。

The dominant nuclear power plant type in the United States is the pressurized-water reactor. SNUPPS, or Standardized Nuclear Unit Power Plant System, is one of a series of pressurized-water reactors built by Westinghouse. In this kind of system, high pressure keeps the water flowing through the core from boiling. The superheated water is then directed to a heat exchanger where it transfers its energy to a second set of lower-pressure pipes. The water in them turns into steam, which then turns a generator.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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巨型海湾，是一个沸腾水反应器，由通用公司设计。美国核电站工程多半由通用、西屋、拜德科克和维尔考克斯三家公司建造。就像实现国家地理许多主题地图一样，这些示意图是插件，可以像枚海报钉那样被插拔。它们还能用作克涅夫在新墨西哥大学教学的辅助工具，并用来阐明他的著作。

Grand Gulf is a boiling water reactor designed by General Electric. GE, Westinghouse and Babcock & Wilcox engineered the vast majority of American power plants.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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在世界范围内，核工业所使用的设计不尽相同。在加拿大，使用天然铀而非富铀来驱动反应堆。天然铀基本由铀238组成，铀235只占到很少一部分。

The designs used by the nuclear industry aren’t the same worldwide. In Canada, natural — not enriched — uranium is used to power the CANDU reactors. Natural uranium is composed of more than 99 percent uranium 238, with just a small percentage of uranium 235. Enriching uranium increases the uranium 235 concentration in the material, which increases the amount of fission that occurs in a given amount of uranium.

The moderator in the CANDU reactor is heavy water, which has extra deuterium isotopes. It’s used because it’s less likely to absorb neutrons than regular water, keeping the reaction from being “snuffed” out.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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富尔顿和其它的反应堆不同，它使用了和世界上第一座反应堆相同的石墨设置。世界上第一台核反应堆诞生在芝加哥大学，由著名物理学家费米主持设计。

Fulton differs from the standard reactor because it uses graphite interlaced with uranium for fuel, like the very first critical nuclear “pile” built by Enrico Fermi and his colleagues under the football stadium at the University of Chicago. Its coolant is helium gas.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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尽管中国主要还是依靠煤炭提供电力，但也有一些由法国阿海法（Areva）公司建造的核反应堆。

Although China’s thirst for power has mostly been slaked by coal, the country has also completed some nuclear reactors like this Westinghouse-derived station built by the French company Framatome, now known as Areva.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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奥斯卡桑（Oskarshamn）核电站是瑞典的10座核电站之一。瑞典有水力发电规模很大，但大约45%的电力是由核反应堆提供的。该工厂属于沸水反应堆类型。

The Oskarshamn nuclear power plant is one of 10 operating in Sweden. The country, which also has large amounts of hydroelectric power, gets about 45 percent of its electricity from its reactors. This plant is a boiling-water reactor.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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超级凤凰（SuperPhenix）是唯一一座全尺寸、液态金属、快增殖堆反应堆。这听上去很深奥，但是美国多年以来在核能方面的开发都集中在这种类型的核电厂上面。

The Super-Phenix was the only full-scale, liquid-metal, fast-breeder reactor. That might sound esoteric, but for many years, a big chunk of the United States’ nuclear R&D program was devoted to just this kind of power plant.

Breeder reactors yield more fissile material than they use. In other words, you get more plutonium out than you put uranium and plutonium in. During an era when plutonium for weapons was considered essential and uranium supplies were thought to be scarce, breeders were a hot item.

Construction began on SFX in 1976. It was connected to the grid in 1986 and closed down in the late ’90s. The reactor experienced a variety of problems throughout its lifespan and spent a lot more time switched off than running.

Image: Nuclear Engineering International/University of New Mexico

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高清晰版PDF文件下载及更多详细信息，请参见：

http://econtent.unm.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fnuceng

醉乡常客

有谁下齐了高清请分享一下哈。

桃子

引用第9楼醉乡常客于2009-12-24 19:46发表的 :
有谁下齐了高清请分享一下哈。

老醉，你要做中试吗？我帮你买保险。

大野叟

引用第9楼醉乡常客于2009-12-24 19:46发表的 :
有谁下齐了高清请分享一下哈。

　　不少开工的核电站招人，希望永远年轻的尽管去，说不定年终发点核燃料带回家

leehviread

引用第9楼醉乡常客于2009-12-24 19:46发表的 :
有谁下齐了高清请分享一下哈。

目前只有八张图纸，总得好像有100多张。那PDF做的真是相当的清晰漂亮。

醉乡常客

引用第10楼zhiyongtao于2009-12-24 19:55发表的 :


老醉，你要做中试吗？我帮你买保险。

只是好奇。

不过当年大亚湾开的条件还是不错的，却回来找了个糊口都困难的工作。

云之惑

真正的高科技啊~
去那里工作会不会对后代有不良影响啊~

redfllys

其实，只要不出事，那就没事。出了事。。。