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[【推荐】] I/O资源如何映射到内核虚拟空间

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发表于 2009-8-6 14:35:02 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
(1) 系统启动初始化时iotable_init()
-----------------------------
MACHINE_START(AT91SAM9261EK, \"ATMEL AT91SAM9261\")
············································
    .map_io     = at91sam9261_map_io,
············································
MACHINE_END
--------------------------------------
void __init at91sam9261_map_io(void)
{
iotable_init(at91sam9261_io_desc, ARRAY_SIZE(at91sam9261_io_desc));
}
--------------------------------------
/*
* System peripheral registers mapped at virtual address.
*/

static struct map_desc at91sam9261_io_desc[] __initdata = {
{
  .virtual = AT91C_VA_BASE_SYS,
  .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(AT91C_BASE_AIC),
  .length = SZ_4K,
  .type = MT_DEVICE
},
{
  .virtual = AT91C_VA_BASE_EBI,
  .pfn = __phys_to_pfn(AT91C_BASE_EBI),
  .length = SZ_4K,
  .type = MT_DEVICE
},
   ··············································
};

<./linux/include/asm-arm/map.h>-----------------------
struct map_desc {
unsigned long virtual;
unsigned long pfn;
unsigned long length;
unsigned int type;  //标志位:domain、read、write、cache、buffer
};

#define __phys_to_pfn(paddr)       ((paddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
#define __pfn_to_phys(pfn)         ((pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT)
--------------------------------------
  iotable_init()函数<./arch/arm/mm/mm-armv.c>循环调用create_mapping()函数完成IO的虚拟地址到物理地址的映射。


(2) 系统启动后,在驱动中ioremap()
--------------------------------------
static struct platform_device *smdk2410_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_usb,  //片上的各个设备
&s3c_device_lcd,  //下面以s3c_device_lcd为例
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c,
&s3c_device_iis,
};
--------------------------------------
struct platform_device s3c_device_lcd = {
.name = \"s3c2410-lcd\", //此处设备的命名应和相应驱动程序命名一致以实现driver bind
.id = -1,            //-1表示不支持同类多个设备
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_lcd_resource),
.resource = s3c_lcd_resource,
.dev = {
.dma_mask = &s3c_device_lcd_dmamask,
.coherent_dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL
}
};

-------------------------------------
/* LCD Controller */
static struct resource s3c_lcd_resource[] = {  //LCD的两个资源
[0] = {
.start = S3C2410_PA_LCD,
.end = S3C2410_PA_LCD + S3C2410_SZ_LCD,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1] = {
.start = IRQ_LCD,
.end = IRQ_LCD,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
}

};
------------------------------------
/* -------Resource type -------- */
#define IORESOURCE_IO        0x00000100   
#define IORESOURCE_MEM        0x00000200
#define IORESOURCE_IRQ        0x00000400
#define IORESOURCE_DMA        0x00000800
------------------------------------

-----s3c_device_lcd的resource中硬件地址---------------

#define S3C2410_LCDREG(x) (x)

/* LCD control registers */
#define S3C2410_LCDCON1   S3C2410_LCDREG(0x00)
#define S3C2410_LCDCON2   S3C2410_LCDREG(0x04)
#define S3C2410_LCDCON3   S3C2410_LCDREG(0x08)
#define S3C2410_LCDCON4   S3C2410_LCDREG(0x0C)
#define S3C2410_LCDCON5   S3C2410_LCDREG(0x10)

/* LCD controller */
#define S3C2410_PA_LCD  (0x4D000000)
#define S3C24XX_SZ_LCD  SZ_1M
-----------------------------------
/**
* platform_device_register - add a platform-level device
* @pdev: platform device we&#39;re adding
*
*/
int platform_device_register(struct platform_device * pdev)
{
device_initialize(&pdev->dev);    //初始化设备结构
return platform_device_add(pdev); //添加一个片上的设备到设备层
}
------------------------------------------
/**
* platform_device_add - add a platform device to device hierarchy
* @pdev: platform device we&#39;re adding
*
* This is part 2 of platform_device_register(), though may be called
* separately _iff_ pdev was allocated by platform_device_alloc().
*/
int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int i, ret = 0;
if (!pdev)
  return -EINVAL;

if (!pdev->dev.parent)
  pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;
pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;

if (pdev->id != -1)
  snprintf(pdev->dev.bus_id, BUS_ID_SIZE, \"%s.%u\", pdev->name, pdev->id);
         /* 若支持同类多个设备,则用pdev->name和pdev->id在总线上标识该设备 */
else
  strlcpy(pdev->dev.bus_id, pdev->name, BUS_ID_SIZE);
        /*        否则,用pdev->name(即\"s3c2410-lcd\")在总线上标识该设备        */

for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
        /*      遍历资源数,并为各自在总线地址空间请求分配      */
  struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource;

  if (r->name == NULL)
  r->name = pdev->dev.bus_id;

  p = r->parent;
  if (!p) {
  if (r->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM)
   p = &iomem_resource;
                     /*  LCD寄存器地址作为IO内存资源分配  */
                           ----------------
                           struct resource iomem_resource = {
                               .name  = \"CI mem\",
                               .start = 0UL,
                               .end  = ~0UL,
                               .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
                                };
                           ----------------
  else if (r->flags & IORESOURCE_IO)
   p = &ioport_resource;
  }
           
  if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
               /*  将LCD寄存器地址插入到IO内存空间 */
  printk(KERN_ERR
     \"%s: failed to claim resource %d\\n\",
     pdev->dev.bus_id, i);
  ret = -EBUSY;
  goto failed;
  }
}

pr_debug(\"Registering platform device &#39;%s&#39;. Parent at %s\\n\",
  pdev->dev.bus_id, pdev->dev.parent->bus_id);

ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
if (ret == 0)
  return ret;

failed:
while (--i >= 0)
  if (pdev->resource.flags & (IORESOURCE_MEM|IORESOURCE_IO))
  release_resource(&pdev->resource);
return ret;
}
-----------------------------------------


static struct platform_driver s3c2410fb_driver = {
.probe  = s3c2410fb_probe,
.remove  = s3c2410fb_remove,
.suspend = s3c2410fb_suspend,
.resume  = s3c2410fb_resume,
.driver  = {
  .name = \"s3c2410-lcd\",
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};

platform_driver_register(&s3c2410fb_driver)----->
driver_register(&drv->driver)----->
bus_add_driver(drv)----->
driver_attach(drv)----->
bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach)----->
__driver_attach(struct device * dev, void * data)----->
driver_probe_device(drv, dev)----->
really_probe(dev, drv)----->

在really_probe()中:
      为设备指派管理该设备的驱动:dev->driver = drv
      调用s3c2410fb_probe()初始化设备:drv->probe(dev)
---------------------------------
static int __init s3c2410fb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
·····························
        res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
        /*     取得LCD控制寄存器的物理地址      */

size = (res->end - res->start)+1;
info->mem = request_mem_region(res->start, size, pdev->name);
        /* 个人理解:设备注册时已经分配区域,驱动这里应该不是必须的*/

info->io = ioremap(res->start, size);
        /*   此时驱动便可以用指针info->io 读写LCD控制寄存器了  */
        /*       eg: readl(info->io + S3C2410_LCDCON1)       */
····························
}

--------------------------------
以下是AT91SAM9261EK的IOMEM:

root@ebd9261:~# cat /proc/iomem
00500000-005fffff : usb-ohci.0
00500000-005fffff : ohci_hcd
00600000-00600fff : sidsa-lcdc.0   //支持同类多个设备,在驱动中未分配I/O内存区域
20000000-23ffffff : System RAM
20022000-20225e47 : Kernel text
20226000-2028da23 : Kernel data
30000000-30000003 : dm9000.0  
30000000-30000003 : dm9000  
30000044-300000ff : dm9000.0
30000044-300000ff : dm9000
fffa4000-fffa7fff : at91_udc      //不支持同类多个设备,在驱动中也分配I/O内存区域
fffa4000-fffa7fff : at91_udc
fffb0000-fffb3fff : usart.1
fffb4000-fffb7fff : usart.2
fffc8000-fffcbfff : spi.0
fffff200-fffff3ff : usart.0
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