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Nginx介紹:
Nginx發音為[engine x]，是由俄羅斯人Igor Sysoev建立的項目,基於BSD許可。
據說他當初是F5的成員之一，英文主頁：http://nginx.net。俄羅斯的一些大網站已經使用它超過兩年多了， 一直表現不凡,相信想瞭解nginx的朋友都讀過阿葉大哥的利用nginx實現負載均衡的文章相關鏈接見(六)。
測試環境:紅動中國(redocn)提供運\營服務器環境.
關於紅動服務環境:
紅動中國在早期利用apache環境，再加上一些優化的工作，一直是相對很穩定，但是最近由於網站發展，訪問量越來越大，在線人數一多經常出現，負載過高，性能急劇下降，經過雙木站長的同意，考慮是否能利用nginx來代替apache，經過長時間的觀察目前nginx工作很穩定，系統也不會再說現高負載的狀況，佔用內存也很低,訪問速率從用戶體驗來看明顯有提升.
關於紅動中國:
紅動中國（redocn)論壇經過近1年的快速發展，目前日均頁面訪問量超過100萬，位居全球設計論壇(中文)第1位，是國內最具影響力的設計論壇之一。目前論壇擁有近20萬會員，包括眾多設計界領軍人物在內的行業中堅力量、相關藝術院校師生以及部分設計愛好者等。
遷移目標:實現網站論壇靜態化，防盜鏈，下載並發數和速率限制,實現原站apache所具有的所有功能,將原apache環境下的站點全部遷移到Nginx
一.PHP(Fastcgi)編譯安裝
[root@att php-5.2.4]# cat in.sh 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
./configure \\
--prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi \\
--enable-fastcgi \\
--enable-discard-path \\
--enable-force-cgi-redirect \\
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc \\
--enable-zend-multibyte \\
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \\
--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 \\
--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 \\
--with-jpeg-dir \\
--with-png-dir \\
--with-bz2 \\
--with-freetype-dir \\
--with-iconv-dir \\
--with-zlib-dir \\
--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl \\
--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt \\
--enable-sysvsem \\
--enable-inline-optimization \\
--enable-soap \\
--enable-gd-native-ttf \\
--enable-ftp \\
--enable-mbstring \\
--enable-exif \\
--disable-debug \\
--disable-ipv6
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini注:關於如何安裝gd庫，mysql的編譯安裝，本文將不介紹，本文重點在於介紹nginx的安裝與配置，如想瞭解其它相關的問題可以到
LinuxPk去找相關的貼子(http://bbs.linuxpk.com)
二.Nginx編譯安裝
1.創建nginx運\行用戶和虛擬主機目錄 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
groupadd www -g 48
useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data/www/wwwroot
chown -R www:www /data/www/wwwroot2.安裝lighttpd中附帶的spawn-fcgi，用來啟動php-cgi
先編譯安裝lighttpd產生spawn-fcgi二進制文件. 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
cd /usr/local/src/lighttpd-1.4.18
cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的8085端口，進程數為250（如果服務器內存小於3GB，可以只開啟25個進程），用戶為www：
/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 8085 -C 250 -u www -f /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi
3.nginx的安裝與配置
安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
http://ftp.dk.debian.org/exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gz 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.5.32
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-
openssl=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install
此模塊非核心模塊，需要在編譯的時候手動添加編譯參數 --with-http_stub_status_module
配置nginx
三.Nginx主配置文件及PHP支持.
1.nginx.conf 主配置文件的配置
#cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
#cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.cao
#cat /dev/null > nginx.conf
#vi nginx.conf //主配置文件
[code
user www www;
worker_processes 10;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
#maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_number
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'\"$status\" $body_bytes_sent \"$http_referer\" '
'\"$http_user_agent\" \"$http_x_forwarded_for\"';
#access_log /data/www/logs/access.log main;
#sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay off;
keepalive_timeout 60;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 2k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /dev/shm/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
#gzip
gzip on;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
# The following includes are specified for virtual hosts //以下是加載虛擬主機配置.
#www.redocn.com
include conf/vhosts/www_redocn_com.conf;
#bbs.redocn.com
include conf/vhosts/bbs_redocn_com.conf;
#blog.redocn.com
include conf/vhosts/blog_redocn_com.conf;
#down.redocn.com
include conf/vhosts/down_redocn_com.conf;
}[/code]
2.配置支持Fastcgi模式的PHP
[root@redocn conf]# cat enable_php5.conf 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8085;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
#new ac upload
#fastcgi_pass_request_body off;
#client_body_in_file_only clean;
#fastcgi_param REQUEST_BODY_FILE $request_body_file;
#
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;四，多虛擬主機應用配置案例.
#mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts //建立虛擬主機配置存放目錄.
1.www.redocn.com //首站配置
[root@redocn vhosts]#vi www_redocn_com.conf 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.redocn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www/wwwroot;
error_page 404 http://bbs.redocn.com;
rewrite ^/bbs/(.*) http://bbs.redocn.com/$1;
location ~ .*\\.php?$
{
include conf/enable_php5.conf;
}
}注: 關於rewite需求,紅動中國希望當用戶訪問http://www.redocn.com/bbs的時候自動轉至http://bbs.redocn.com
在原apache中利用redirect實現
Redirect /bbs http://bbs.redocn.com
本文中在nginx下利用rewrite實現:
rewrite ^/bbs/(.*) http://bbs.redocn.com/$1;
2.[root@redocn vhosts] vi bbs_redocn_com.conf 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.redocn.com yan.redocn.com majia.redocn.com wt.redocn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/www/htdocs/bbs;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access_bbs.redocn.com.log combined;
location / {
#bbs rewrite
rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\\w\\-]+\\.html)
[Copy to clipboard][ - ]
CODE:server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.redocn.com yan.redocn.com majia.redocn.com wt.redocn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/www/htdocs/bbs;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access_bbs.redocn.com.log combined;
location / {
#bbs rewrite
rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\\w\\-]+\\.html)[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\\%3D$3&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /space.php?$1=$2 last;
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;
break;
#error
error_page 404 /index.php;
#redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
#Preventing hot linking of images and other file types
location ~* ^.+\\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names
*.redocn.com redocn.com *.taobao.com taobao.com
bbs.blueidea.com bbs.asiaci.com bbs.arting365.com forum.chinavisual.com softbbs.pconline.com.cn
bbs.chinaddu.com bbs.photops.com *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com *.yahoo.com.cn
*.yahoo.cn;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/  ;
#return 403;
}
}
#support php
location ~ .*\\.php?$
{
include conf/enable_php5.conf;
}
}nbsp; /archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\\%3D$3&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_17 ]nbsp; /space.php?$1=$2 last;
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;
break;
#error
error_page 404 /index.php;
#redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
#Preventing hot linking of images and other file types
location ~* ^.+\\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names
*.redocn.com redocn.com *.taobao.com taobao.com
bbs.blueidea.com bbs.asiaci.com bbs.arting365.com forum.chinavisual.com softbbs.pconline.com.cn
bbs.chinaddu.com bbs.photops.com *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com *.yahoo.com.cn
*.yahoo.cn;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ ;
#return 403;
}
}
#support php
location ~ .*\\.php?$
{
include conf/enable_php5.conf;
}
}
注:
1.紅動中國採用高性能的Discuz!論壇，原apache的rewrite規則幾乎不要做什麼修改即可全部移植到nginx下.
靜態化配置見面上面的:#bbs rewrite部分.
2.一般論壇都希望實現防盜鏈功能，在apache很輕鬆實現？在nginx下是否容易實現呢？答案是肯定的. 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
#Preventing hot linking of images and other file types
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.redocn.com redocn.com ...你允許連接的網址;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ ; //讓別人盜鏈時顯示你指定的圖片.
#return 403;
}3.blog.redocn.com
[root@redocn vhosts]#vi blog_redocn_com.conf 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.redocn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www/wwwroot/blog;
error_page 404 http://bbs.redocn.com;
#supsite rewrite
rewrite ^([0-9]+)/spacelist(.*)$ index.php?$1/action_spacelist$2;
rewrite ^([0-9]+)/viewspace_(.+)$ index.php?$1/action_viewspace_itemid_$2;
rewrite ^([0-9]+)/viewbbs_(.+)$ index.php?$1/action_viewbbs_tid_$2;
rewrite ^([0-9]+)/(.*)$ index.php?$1/$2;
rewrite ^([0-9]+)$ index.php?$1;
rewrite ^action_(.+)$ index.php?action_$1;
rewrite ^category_(.+)$ index.php?action_category_catid_$1;
rewrite ^itemlist_(.+)$ index.php?action_itemlist_catid_$1;
rewrite ^viewnews_(.+)$ index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$1;
rewrite ^viewthread_(.+)$ index.php?action_viewthread_tid_$1;
rewrite ^index([\\.a-zA-Z0-9]*)$ index.php;
rewrite ^html/([0-9]+)/viewnews_itemid_([0-9]+)\\.html$ index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$2;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)/spacelist(.+)$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/spacelist/type$2;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)/viewspace(.+)$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/viewspace/itemid$2;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)/viewbbs(.+)$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/viewbbs/tid$2;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)/(.*)$ /index.php?uid/$1/$2;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /index.php?uid/$1;
rewrite ^/action(.+)$ /index.php?action$1;
rewrite ^/category(.+)$ /index.php?action/category/catid$1;
rewrite ^/viewnews(.+)$ /index.php?action/viewnews/itemid$1;
rewrite ^/viewthread(.+)$ /index.php?action/viewthread/tid$1;
rewrite ^/mygroup(.+)$ /index.php?action/mygroup/gid$1;
location ~ .*\\.php?$
{
include conf/enable_php5.conf;
}
}注:blog採用功能強大的Supesite作為Blog站點: http://www.supesite.com/
1.Blog如何在Nginx裡實現靜態化，具體設置見，上面的#supesite rewrite
4.down.redocn.com
[root@redocn vhosts]# vi down_redocn_com.conf 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
limit_zone one $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name down.redocn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www/wwwroot/down;
error_page 404 /index.php;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
#Zone limit
location / {
limit_conn one 1;
limit_rate 20k;
}
# serve static files
location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ {
root /data/www/wwwroot/down;
expires 30d;
}
}注:
由於現在的BT下載軟件越來越多了，我們如何限制下載的並發數和速率呢？apache需要三方模塊，nginx就不用了
在nginx利用兩個指令即可實現:limit_zone(limit_conn) 來限制並發數,limit_rate來限制下載的速率,請看上面的配置實例.
5.啟動nginx服務 複製內容到剪貼板
代碼:
/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 8085 -C 250 -u www -f/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf你可以把上面兩條命令制做成系統啟動服務腳本，相關的腳本在網上也很多，本文就不再貼出來了,給出一個實例鏈接:
http://topfunky.net/svn/shovel/nginx/init.d/nginx
五.問題及經驗總結:
1.安裝Discuz論壇後，無法上傳大於M以上的附件？
在主配置文件裡加入:client_max_body_size 10m; 詳細指令說明請參見(六)提供的Wiki鏈接.
2.Discuz附件無法下載附件?
最近遇到一個奇怪的問題在nginx下discuz論壇無法下載附件，後來打開error_log才知道，仍後一看/usr/local分區滿了,
清了一大堆無用文件後，馬上就正常了.
以上是本人遷移和測試過程中遇到的兩個小問題，在此附上說明，只是希望配置nginx的朋友不要犯我一樣的問題.
歡迎聯繫NetSeek(狂熱linux愛好者^_^ msn:cnseek@msn.com QQ:67888954 Gtalk:cnseek@gmail.com,免費提供linux技術咨詢和服務！~).
六.相關鏈接:
1.Discuz!.net高性能的PHP論壇程序 http://www.discuz.net Supesite: http://www.supesite.com/
2.Nginx參考文檔:http://wiki.codemongers.com/
3.利用Nginx實現負載均衡(阿葉大哥的文章):http://www.imysql.com/comment/reply/210
4.linuxPk[Linux寶庫]:http://bbs.linuxpk.com
5.紅動中國 http://bbs.redocn.comhttp://www.linuxtone.org |
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发表于 2009-7-30 14:35:37