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健康专家表示，尽管手机对人体的危害依然有待研究，但有些技巧可以帮助人们远离手机辐射
谭薇/编译
自问世以来，手机很快成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的通讯工具，但同时也给人们带来了新的烦恼——手机释放的微波辐射有可能会导致脑癌。
人们的忧虑催生了各种防辐射产品。例如，你可以花62美元订购Delta Shield，它实质上只是一块薄薄的聚酯补丁，但包含了据说可以消除手机危害的芯片；类似的还有可以连接在手机外部的BIOPRO细胞芯片，其售价不过 35美元；硬币大小的Wave Shield 2000 Gold则可以安装在耳机上。
为了推销这些产品，各大生产商都进行了不遗余力的宣传，其中包括，称Delta Shield是“迄今为止唯一一个功效得到证明的手机防护装置”；其网站首页的一份科学论文也强调了该设备可以将有害的δ脑电波转化为有益的α 波；BIOPRO细胞芯片的制造商则称：“无数科学研究证实，该产品可以中和手机和其他设备的有害电磁辐射。”它可以在电磁场上叠加低频噪声场，后者的频率类似于人体活细胞的自然共振频率。Wave Shield 2000 Gold的网站称该设备可使辐射减少50%至97％，手机天线的辐射屏蔽率更是高达99%。直到美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）后来提起虚假广告诉讼，这些谎话才被戳穿。
不存在真正意义上的“手机盾牌”
事实上，大多数专家都认为这些设备是毫无价值的。马里兰大学的物理学名誉教授、《巫术科学：从愚蠢到欺诈之路》（Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud）的作者罗伯特·帕克以自己的信誉担保，这些宣传根本就是一个“骗局”。帕克指出，所谓的“自然共振频率”不过是毫无意义的杜撰。更重要的是，市场上的廉价设备不可能真正拥有吸收、转移或调整辐射的能力。只有隐形轰炸机的雷达干扰系统之类的大型设备才有可能达到这一效果，然而此类技术显然无法嫁接到一部手机上。匹兹堡大学癌症研究所主任罗纳德·赫伯曼博士亦是科学界提倡慎重使用手机的主要人士之一。他表示，自己从未发现过任何支持这些宣传的证据，也不推荐人们使用这些产品。
无论所谓的防辐射装置是否能够发挥作用，手机对人体的危害依然有待研究。例如帕克认为，手机释放的微波并不足以打破DNA链并进而导致癌症；而赫伯曼则认为，手机辐射尽管不能直接破坏DNA，但仍有可能间接地夺取遗传物质，而这一机制依然是科学界的未解之谜。简言之，迄今为止，有关手机的危害依然难下定论。犹他大学（University of Utah）的研究人员称，没有任何迹象表明频繁使用手机的受试者患脑癌的几率更高，其中包括使用手机超过10年的用户。然而，澳大利亚的科学家在比较了 11项相关的研究之后得出了相反的结论：使用手机超过10年将使经常贴近手机一侧的脑部生成肿瘤的几率提高一倍以上。面对种种争议，赫伯曼警告人们，目前尚不存在真正意义上的“手机盾牌”。
通话时尽量使手机远离身体
为了尽可能减少辐射的危害，赫伯曼为人们提供了以下十条使用手机的小技巧：
1.除非必要，应使儿童远离手机。儿童或胎儿的器官尚处于生长发育阶段，容易受到电磁场的损害。
2.在通话时尽量使手机远离身体。电磁场的振幅会在距离人体两英寸处减弱至四分之一，在三英尺处仅为原来的五十分之一。尽可能使用扬声器模式或无线蓝牙耳机，这可使普通手机的电磁辐射降至原来的百分之一以下。使用免提耳挂亦可以起到类似的效果。
3. 避免在公共汽车等处使用手机，以免使辐射殃及他人。
4．尽量不要时刻随身携带手机。不要在夜间将手机放在身体附近，如枕头下或床头，孕妇尤其应当小心。或可将手机调至“离线”模式以中止电磁辐射。
5.如果有必要随身携带手机，请确保手机键盘朝向人体，背面朝向外部，从而避免电磁波穿过人体。
6. 手机的通话时间控制在数分钟为佳，因为辐射的生物效应与其持续时间密切相关。当通话时间较长时，最好使用有线电话而不是无绳电话，后者的电磁发射技术与手机相似。
7. 在用手机通话时应当不时将手机换到脑部另一侧，这样可以起到分散辐射的效果。直到在接通后才将手机放到耳边，这样可以减轻电磁场的辐射威力并缩短辐射时间。
8. 在信号微弱或是处于高速移动的状态下（如乘车）时，应尽量避免使用手机。在上述情况下，辐射的威力将自动达到最大，因为手机在不断地尝试连接新的中继天线。
9. 尽可能通过短信沟通而不是打电话，这样不仅可以缩短辐射的时间，还可避免手机与身体的近距离接触。
10.选择比吸收率（SAR）最低的设备（比吸收率是一个用于衡量被人体吸收的磁场强度的标准）。使用者可以在互联网上搜索不同手机的比吸收率评级。
#1071: EMF protective devices and Voodoo science
Sunday June 14th 2009, 12:35 pm
Filed under: EMF Protective Devices, Miscellaneous
As concerns grow about the possible dangers from cell phones, especially for children, there is a corresponding increase in advertisements for all sorts of so-called protective devices. Purple Angels, Safety Butterflys, BioPro, Q-Link, Delta Shield, Waveshield, etc, etc. The one thing all these wondrous devices have in common, however, is that the only thing they reduce is your savings. Interestingly in Australia the people who were flogging Harmonic Products before they were canned by the ACCC were also working for the carrier Vodaphone selling mobile phone contracts. Interesting connection in that one! If I were working as a spin doctor for the Telcos that’s what I would recommend to deflect community concern. They even have a term for it “comforting the community”. Why worry (or protest) when a protective device will protect you and your loved ones.
I disagree with Robert Park (below) on some things, but as for his comments on protective devices I am in total agreement. They are WORTHLESS. However, following the LA Times article is a great protective device developed by EMFacts Bio-placebo Corporation. Any takers I wonder?
Don Maisch
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Sent in by Robert Gregory
http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-skeptic15-2009jun15,0,5512038.story
The LA Times, June 15, 2009
THE HEALTHY SKEPTIC
Cellphone shields and brain cancer
Experts are wary of devices’ claims to neutralize microwave radiation.
By Chris Woolston
June 15, 2009
In the short time they’ve been around, cellphones have changed the world. Just 20 years ago — if you can believe it — you had to discuss dinner plans before you arrived at the grocery store. And just 20 years ago, you didn’t have to field work calls until you were actually at work.
Cellphones gave us new ways to stay connected. For some, they also provided a new reason for worry. Cellphones release microwave radiation when they’re in use, a fact that inevitably led to fears of brain cancer.
Just as inevitably, worries about brain cancer spawned a market for products that supposedly protect cellphone users. For $62, you can order a Delta Shield, a thin polyester patch that contains a microchip that allegedly renders cellphones harmless. Users are instructed to place the patch on their cellphone battery. The similar BIOPRO Cell Chip, sold online for $35, attaches to the outside of the phone. The penny-sized WaveShield 2000 Gold, selling for about $25, fits on the earpiece.
The claims: The website for the Delta Shield claims that it is “the only cellphone protection device that has proven efficacy.” An unpublished scientific paper highlighted on the site supposedly shows that the device can convert harmful delta brain waves to helpful alpha waves.
One site selling the BIOPRO Cell Chip site says its patented technology “has been proven in numerous scientific studies to neutralize the dangers of electromagnetic radiation from cellphones and other devices.” The site goes on to explain that the device “superimposes a low-frequency ‘noise field’ on EMR [electromagnetic radiation] that resembles the natural resonant frequencies of the body’s living cells. This effectively renders EMR harmless.”
The site for the WaveShield 2000 Gold claims that the device can reduce radiation from the earpiece by “50-97%.” The company used to claim that similar devices blocked up to 99% of radiation coming from the antenna — the major source of cellphone radiation — until the FTC filed suit for false advertising in 2002.
The bottom line: “Most [experts] think these devices are worthless,” says Richard Kaye, a former San Diego-based chiropractor and a Delta Shield business consultant. Though he is convinced the product works — for one thing, he says, the side of his head no longer gets warm when he uses his cellphone — two independent experts did, indeed, reach the opposite conclusion.
“It’s a scam,” says Robert Park, professor emeritus of physics at the University of Maryland and author of “Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud,” published in 2000. “The claims they’re making aren’t very clear, but they are certainly wrong,” he says. “I’d stake my reputation on it, such as it is.”
Claims of “natural resonant frequencies” may seem impressive, but Park says: “People have been talking about natural resonant frequencies for years, but I still don’t know what that is. It’s a meaningless statement.” He adds that the cheap devices are extremely unlikely to possess the type of technology it would take to really absorb, deflect or modify radiation in any meaningful way. He notes that radar jamming systems on stealth bombers have that sort of capability. A gadget that you can slap on your cellphone? Probably not.
Dr. Ronald Herberman, director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and one of the leading voices calling for caution with cellphones, says he is “not aware of any evidence supporting the claims of cellphone guards” and doesn’t recommend their use.
He and colleagues recently offered 10 tips for reducing radiation exposure from cellphones, including holding them as far away from the head as possible, using them for only a few minutes at a time and keeping them away from children. Cellphone shields didn’t warrant a mention.
Shield or no shield, the hazards of cellphones are far from certain. Park, for one, believes that the microwaves released by cellphones don’t have enough energy to break apart strands of DNA, the type of damage that could possibly set the stage for cancer. Herberman agrees that cellphone radiation “cannot directly damage DNA,” but he also thinks that cellphone radiation could still indirectly scramble genetic material in ways that have yet to be explained.
Findings on safety so far have been mixed. Researchers at the University of Utah recently pooled together the results of nine studies that looked for a link between cellphone use and brain cancer. As reported in the Journal of Neuro-Oncology in 2008, they found no sign that frequent cellphone users were more likely than anyone else to get brain cancer. A Danish study of more than 420,000 people also found no connection between cellphones and cancer, even in people who had used the phones for more than 10 years.
However, Australian researchers who examined 11 previous studies comparing people with and without brain tumors concluded that using a cellphone for more than 10 years more than doubled the risk of developing a brain tumor on the side of the head where a person usually used the phone. (It’s worth noting that some of the individual studies that they looked at concluded that cellphones didn’t raise cancer risk.)
In the face of that uncertainty, Herberman urges caution. That’s caution — not cellphone shields.
Curious about a health product? Send an e-mail health@latimes.com. Read more at latimes.com/skeptic.
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转自：http://ianhou.blog.hexun.com/34244618_d.html |
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发表于 2009-7-10 10:42:56