THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES PAPER ONE
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points) Section A (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be as feed about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. A, She is sick.
B. She is hungry.
C. She was bitten by an ant.
D. She had a long bicycle ride.
2. A. He's outgoing.
B. He's considerate.
C- He's successful.
D. He's nice to all,
3. A. 30 minutes
B. 25 minutes
C. 20 minutes
D. 15 minutes
4. A. take the air
B. park the car
C. fill in the form
D. work on a text
5. A. apply for a credit card
B. get a driver's license
C. buy an insurance
D. rent a vehicle
6. A, Crime needs to be treated as a disease.
B. Primitive punishment will do no good.
C. Severe punishment is necessary to stop crime.
D. Primitive people had trouble with crime treatment.
7. A, the sale of the old houses
B. the pulling down of the gas company
C. the proposal of the council
D. the building of the office blocks
8. A. He will not be able to many Cindy.
B. He has financial problems.
C. He has yet to buy furniture.
D. He may not be recovered until the wedding.
9. A. Both are having a cold.
B. Both are on holidays.
C. The woman feels sorry for the man.
D. The woman hopes to see the man in the school.
10. A. He felt sympathy for the Vietnamese.
B. He used to come to the U.S. unlawfully.
C. He aided illegal immigration to the U.S.
D. He dealt with 7,000 immigration cases.
Section B (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In ihis section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be a few questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the
square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
11. A. to make children grow tall and strong
B. to keep the soul in the body
C. to prevent someone from saying evil things
D. to protect someone against catching a cold
12. A. They think a good spirit may help the child grow,
B. They want to drive away the devil \"sneeze.\"
C. They say it as a curse for the child to stop sneezing.
D. They consider a sneeze an obstacle to the child's growth.
13. A. the German
B. the Italian
C. the Japanese
D. the Hindus
14. A. All peoples are afraid of sneezing.
B. Some people never sneeze in their lives.
C. The moment of sneezing is very dangerous.
D. Many people say prayers when they sneeze.
15. A. a lack of available flights
B. long delays at the airport
C. boredom on long flights
D. long trips to and from the airport
16. A. on short trips
B. on long trips
C. when flying over cities
D. when flying at high altitudes
17. A. It fuels with nuclear energy.
B. It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.
C. It flies above magnetically activated tracks.
D. It uses a device similar to a jet engine-
18. A. She is poor in school grade.
B, Her major is thought to be useless.
C, Her job expectation is too high.
D, There is now an economic recession.
19. A, undergraduates
B. experienced M.B.A.s
C. laid-off workers
D. liberal-arts majors
20. A. Unemployment rate will get still higher.
B. There will be no multiple job offers.
C. 2 million job seekers will compete for jobs.
D. First-time job requirements will be lowered.
(THIS IS THE END OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION.)
PART II VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence shot best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scaring Answer Sheet,
21. His trick convinced none but the most
A. credulous B. plausible
C. trustworthy D. feasible
22. Many people proposed that a national committee be formed to discuss to
existing mass transit systems.
A. substitutes B. measures
C, duplicates D. alternatives
23. He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief— , he is the greatest devil I ever know.
A. as a consequence B. as a rule
C, as a matter of fact D. as a matter of routine
24. Since she was alone, she opened the door . leaving the chain lock
fastened.
A. warily B. consciously
C. audaciously D. recklessly
25. In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly as if
the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself,
A. crucial B. central
C. casual D. causal
26. I didn't listen to Mom and 1 was not surprised at the look of on
her face.
A. indifference B. compliment
C, negligence D. reproach
27. The victims of drunken driving in America over the past decade an
incredible 250,000, with three killed every hour of every day on average.
A. Sake up B. add up to
C, count for D. turn out to
28. He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in for the shootings
last week.
A. revenge B, reserve
C. reverse D. remedial
29. These pollutants can be hundreds and even thousands of kilometers by
large air masses.
A. contained B. conveyed
C. contaminated D. conserved
30. There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but _ it's
very enjoyable.
A. all at once B. once and for all
C. so much as D. by and large
31. In a divorce, the mother usually is granted of her children.
A. support B. retention
C. perseverance D. custody
32. What he had in mind to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.
A. contributed B. dedicated
C. amounted D. added
33. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations will before
a settlement is reached.
A. wear out B. come along
C. break off D. end up
34. A of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bath, then the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully from the room.
A. loaf B, bar
C. stick D, block
35. Of the 1200 million people who call themselves Chinese, a very small
number speak what is referred to as standard Chinese.
A. none but B. but for
C. all but D. but then
36. recent brain and behavioral research. Dr. Goleman wrote a fascinating book entitled \"Emotional Intelligence.\"
A. Drawing up B. Drawing on
C. Putting up D. Putting on
37. Many people think of deserts as regions, but numerous species of
plants and animals have adapted to life there,
A. remote B. irgin
C. alien D. barren
38. Attempts to persuade her stay after she felt insulted were __,
A, of no avail B. out of focus
C. at a loss D, in no way
39. Scientists are certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the
blood of the shark.
A. dubiously B. virtually
C. queerly D. randomly
40. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff . ,
A. moral B, mortal
C. morale D. mores
PART III CLOZE TEST (IS minutes, 15 points)
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through-Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding tetter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across she square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to 4j why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best 42.__ the privilege of attending.
At the least you 95 students can hope to become 43 in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, 44 , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently __45_ learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. 46 this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not 47 without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your48.
There is 49 the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is 50 level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the 51 of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to 52 no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which can't be denied and which commits you to a life of research.
Commit mem to a life of scholarship or research is 53 many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even 54 other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly 55 it,
41.A. count
42. A, benefit from
43. A. efficient
44. A. however
45. A. if
46. A. Of late
47. A. acquired
48. A. ambition
49. A. to
50.A. any
51.A. ends
52. A. elsewhere
53. A. compatible with
54. A. shall
55. A. declare
B. reflect t B.ake over B.excellent t B.herefore B.because B.Consequently B.accomplished B.conscience B.on
B. one
B.limits
B.what
B. responsible for
B. will
B. recommend
C. depend C.apply for C.professional C.indeed
C. so that C.Afterwards C.approached C.responsibility C. in
C. another C, borders
C. whichever
C. followed by
C. would
C, advise
D. comment D. go hrough D. proficient D. after all D.before
D. At first D.assured
D.challenge D. by
D. no
D. edges
D. relevant to
D.where
D. should
D. contend
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: Be low each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices market! A, B, C. end D. Read each passage carefully, and then select (he choice that bear answers the question or completes (he statement Mark (fie teller of your choice with a single bar across (he square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage I
Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of
biotechnology.
China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West to aggressively pursue genome research. It's establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brick of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.
For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U.S. But Asia's other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing China's potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships—and China's advancement in the field of biotechnology—could help benefit the rest of Asia: China's rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region, In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population—and those of other Asian countries—-can afford.
There remain, however, serious barriers to the development qf a strong biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards, China is a signatory of the International Bio Safety Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. 'The regulations look good, but I haven't met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to,\" says a European science analyst.
If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no matter how strict lab tests are. other problems lie in waii. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years  fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market in China.
56, The mouse on display is most significant in that _ _.
A. it has an ear in the shape of a human ear
B. it is unusually small and ugly as a star
C. it is the focus of the media at the exhibition
D. it indicates China's progress in biotechnology
57. The phrase \"on the brink of a boom\" (in boldface in Paragraph 2) in the context
means .
A. having an edge in competition
B. in great demand
C. on the way to success
D. preparing for challenge
58. In the field of biotechnology China is thought to .
A. have been making an utmost effort learning from the West
B. have become a country among the advanced
C. have been able to rival the United Sates and Europe
D. have launched a biotechnological revolution
59. Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating with China in biotechnology because .
A. it has made extraordinary contributions to the world
B. it has large supplies of talents and advanced research centers
C. its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countries
D. its cooperation with the US and Europe proves profitable
60. Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of biotech development,
A. might refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standards
B. may put too much emphasis on developing cheap technology
C. cannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patents
D. may not seriously follow the International Bio Safety Protocol
61. As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include .
A. publicizing recent achievements in the official press
B. the protection of innovators with their products
C. the violation of intellectual-property rights
D. making lab tests as strict as possible
Passage 2
The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green schoolyard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it.
Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day, decided to go to the corner store and buy himself a little treat. As Jimmy started walking over to the store, Clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch dark meant no trouble, On the other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmy's same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was.
\"Hey Negro, what's up?\" one of the white boys said,
\"Did your mamma pack you enough to eat today? \"another hooted. \"Just leave me alone,\" Little Jimmy said.
\" Oh no, Jimmy's really getting pist off!?\" the first boy retaliated. \"Just shove off and let me be,\" Jimmy answered.
It is like this everyday, everywhere, and every time, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different skin colors, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism.
Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but the term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that ii could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting.
Is that all there is to it? No, actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral.
Nobody is exempt from this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at school. 1 would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that 1 went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me. Like two inducted poles with the some polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever they're doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me.
People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all play together, Their thoughts are not totally corrupted as others. Probably the demon has no time to bother with smaller children.
62. With the description of the weather and Jimmy's teeling about it the author intends to show that .
A. what a happy world it is for humans
B. what an innocent boy Jimmy was
C. what an unusual thing that was to happen to Jimmy
D. what a wonderful world that people have ignored
63. From the conversation with the three white boys, we learn that Jimmy
A. must have offended them before
B. was a pleasant boy to be talked to
C. was being humiliated for being black
D. must have got used to their behaviors
64, According to the author, Racism
A. leads to a world with no variety
B. does not see the differences between cultures
C. hinders rhe world's economic development
D. does not tolerate coexistence of different cultures
65. By saying ''No doubt, we are alt racist\" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) the author admits that .
A. we are all warlike by nature
B. we all discriminate against other peoples
C. we are all proud of our own race and nation
D. we all focus on the difference between races
66, To be continued, the passage would probably be followed by a paragraph that deals with
A. how children's thoughts are corrupted by racism as they grow
B. the author's far more miserable experience of being neglected
C. how the black people should unite to fight against the Whites
D. the education of smaller children to behave pleasantly to each other
67. Which of the following can best describe the tone of the passage?
A. provocative
B. indignant
C. sentimental
D. sarcastic
Passage 3
This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introduced to the American public by CBS' \"60 Minutes,\" the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school districts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children.
Last month, Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequently contained '\"unsafe\" levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Consumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the public's first exposure to it was through news coverage.
Not only does such reporting potentially drive children from consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a \"safe\" level of exposure. Briefly, the authors used values known as the \"chronic reference doses,\" set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of safety. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this average amount of pesticide every day for more than 25,000 days. It is clear, as the report points out. that there are days on which kids may be exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days when exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards are meant to apply, there would have been no risks and no warnings.
Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and vegetables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such foods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dramatically overwhelm the theoretical risks of
tiny amounts of pesticides in food. So keep serving up the peaches, apples, spinach, squash, grapes and pears.
68. In the Alar apple scare, many Americans were frightened because ,
A. scientists warned that apples were dangerous
B. many school children became ill after eating apples
C. it was reported that apples were harmful to health
D. apples were discovered to have too much pesticide
69. The warning message about the Alar apple was given .
A. by Consumers Union
B. by a health center
C. through an news agency
D. through the government
70. The last month report parallels that on the Alar apple scare in that .
A. neither really caused worry among the public
B. neither underwent a scientific peer review
C. neither provided statistical supports
D. neither aimed for the public good
71. The ''chronic reference doses\" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) refer to .
A, the safe levels of pesticide exposure
B. the amount of fruits one can safely eat
C, one's digestive capacity for fruits
D. health values of fruits and vegetables
72. With regard to the pesticides in food, this passage seems to argue that
A. parents should keep their children from the food with pesticides
B. they should be applied to fruits and vegetables with caution
C. more research needs to be done on their harmfulness to health
D. they are not as threatening as said to children most of the time
73, The primary purpose of this passage is to explain that
A. not all reports on food are scientifically sound
B. it is important for the public to know the risks of pesticides
C. vegetables and fruits can be harmful to children's health
D. there should be no public concern over pesticides
Passage 4
Abortion. The word alone causes civil conversation to flee the room. This is largely because the pro-choice and pro-life positions are being defined by their extremes, by those who scream accusations instead of arguments.
More reasonable voices and concerns, on both sides of the fence, are given little attention.
For example, prolife extremists seem unwilling to draw distinctions between some abortions and others, such as those resulting from rape with an underage child. They would make no exception in the recent real-life case of a woman who discovered in her fifth month that her baby would be bom dead due to severe disabilities.
On the other hand, pro-choice extremists within feminism insist on holding inconsistent positions. The pregnant woman has an unquestionable right to abort, they claim. Yet if the biological father has no say whatsoever over the woman's choice, is it reasonable to impose legal obligations upon him for child support? Can absolute legal obligation adhere without some son of corresponding legal rights?
The only hope for progress in the abortion dialogue lies in the great excluded middle, in the voices of average people who see something wrong with a young girl forced to bear the baby of a rapist.
Any commentary on abortion should include a statement of the writer's position, I represent what seems to be a growing \"middle ground\" in pro-choice opinion. Legally, 1 believe in the right of every human being to medically control everything under his or her own skin. Many things people have a legal right to do, however, seem clearly wrong to me: adultery, lying to friends, walking past someone who is bleeding on the street. Some forms of abortion fall into that category. Morally speaking, my doubts have become so extreme that I could not undergo the procedure past the first three months and 1 would attempt to dissuade friends from doing so.
Partial-birth abortion has thrown many pro-choice advocates into moral chaos. I find it impossible to view photos of late-term abortion—the fetus's contorted features, the tiny fully formed hands, the limbs ripped apart—without experiencing nausea. This reaction makes me ineffectual in advocating the absolute right to abortion. 1 stand by
tlie principle, \"a woman's body, a woman's right\" but I don't always like myself for do ing so.
Fanatics on both sides are using reprehensible and deceitful tactics. An honest dialogue on abortion must start by re-setting the stage, by denouncing the approaches that block communication.
74. According to the passage, the pro-life and pro-choice positions on abortion are
A. complementary to each other
B. opposed to each other
C. similar in nature
D. reconcilable in a way
75. To a pro-life extremist, .
A. all babies should be carried to term
B. babies resulting from rape should not be bom
C. deformed babies can be aborted when detected
D. an underage girl has no right to give birth
76. According to the pro-choice position,
A. a pregnant woman cannot abort her baby if its father agrees to keep it
B. a pregnant woman has an absolute right of choice over an abortion
C. the baby's father also has a say over its mother's choice of abortion
D. the baby's father has an unalienable obligation to support the baby
77, Who would insist that the baby be born whether or not it is the child of a rapist?
A. the author
B. average people
C. a pro-choice advocate
D. a pro-life extremist
78. The author doubts the legal right to lie to friends as well as the one to
A. abort a fetus in its fifth month
B. view the photos of late-term abortion
C. give birth to a baby in one's teenage
D. dispose of whatever under one's skin
79. The author, as a \"middle ground\" person, .
A. actually holds a mild pro-life opinion
B. proposes that a rapist's baby never be born
C. advocates a serious dialogue on abortion
D. denies the principle \"a woman's body, a woman's right\"
Passage 5
In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much time looting down rather than up, Finding fault with their country's political institutions, economic system, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all—with each other.
Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there will always be things that need fixing. But the question is, Do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?
The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let's say a new production is about to open, A playwright has polished the script, investors have put up the money, and the theater has been rented, A director has been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for iheir audience.
On opening night, four or five critics sit in the audience, [f they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter of days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What's wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.
80. According to the author, critics usually .
A. ignore minor imperfections
B. overemphasize flaws
C. see both sides of a coin
D. pin their hopes on improvements
81. It can be inferred from the text that if optimism were adopted, .
A, no serious problems would arise in society
B, anything could be done with ease
C. some social problems could more possibly be solved
D. people would succeed in getting over all the obstacles
52. The preparation of a Broadway show is mentioned in order to .
A. explain that staging a play requires complex teamwork
B. argue that a minute mistake may ruin a lifelong task
C. show that the preparatory stage is imperative to the following ones
D. illustrate that criticism may block the way to success
83. Compared with the playwrights, the critics are, according to the author,
A. pretentious rather than honest
B. arrogant rather than modest
C- cruel rather than merciful
D, destructive rather than constructive
84. What might be the ultimate result of a biased bitter criticism?
A. more rebellion
B. more creativity
C. less initiative
D. less destruction
85. The main idea of this passage is .
A. the destructive role of utter pessimism
B. achieving success regardless of criticism
C. no cracking down, no building up
D. one should learn to handle stresses
PAPER TWO
PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Read (he following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet II.
Are you really in love? How do you know the difference between love and infatuation? This is often difficult to determine, for there are no set rules surrounding the definitions of love or infatuation. Romantic love is very much a part of the American way of life and many expect that some day \"it\" is going to hit them and they will know they are in love.
What are some of the differences between love and infatuation? 1) Genuine love is more likely to involve a process of \"growing\" in love rather than \"falling\" in love. This may sound terribly unromantic to some who are used to hearing talk about \"falling in love\" or being \"head over heels in love\". This \"falling\" is often infatuation, and the sheer emotion of \"falling31 in love often blinds a person to the imperfections of the loved one. We tend to think of the loved one as \"perfect\", \"ideal\", or some other divine image. Real love sees the total person—both the \"perfection\" and the imperfection. Infatuation, then, is a sudden, emotional sense that one has discovered the \"perfect\" lover. On the other hand, love realizes imperfections and grows with the acceptance of those imperfections.
2) Love leads a person to a feeling of security and trust in the loved one. It usually
involves a feeling of mutual benefit arising from the new relationship. \"We are able to
solve our problems together\" is the feeling of love, rather than ' lease love me because
I need you.\"
3) Infatuation often entails feelings of insecurity whenever the \"lovers\" are
separated: feelings of doubt, fickleness, uncertainty, and fear of loss often accompany
Infatuation. \"What will I do if I lose him?\" and \"1 wonder if she really means it when
she says she loves me?\" express the feelings of infatuation, in such a setting a lasting
love does not have a chance to develop.
41 Infatuation tends to be more manipulative than love because a lasting feel inn of relationship probably has not developed, so that the individuals are still concerned mainly about their own needs and satisfactions. Conversely, in love, the feeling of relationship is genuine and sincere so that concern for the other person evolves naturally.
5) Physical attraction is an important part of both infatuation and love, but the superficial attraction is less important in love, for the couple experiencing Jove usually will build their relationship on a broader base than mere physical attraction.
PART VI WRITING (40 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below Use (he proper space on your Answer Sheet II.
TOPIC
Good management can help the organization achieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and research workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good manager of such a group of people? |
发表于 2004-12-22 10:04:04