我国第一个杀蚊微生物全基因组测序完成

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从中科院武汉病毒研究所获悉：我国第一个杀蚊微生物基因组———球形芽孢杆菌C3-41菌株全基因组已经测序完成。通过序列的比较分析，表明该细菌同一种海洋芽孢杆菌具有亲缘关系，其不能利用糖类物质的主要原因是缺乏糖转运系统和糖代谢的关键酶。

该研究成果在最近的《细菌学杂志》和《应用微生物学杂志》上发表。球形芽孢杆菌是专一感染各类蚊幼虫的天然病原菌，C3-41菌株是中国科学院武汉病毒研究所筛选出来的优良杀蚊细菌，由其开发研制的我国第一个登记注册的微生物杀蚊剂在我国进行了连续二十年成功应用，该基因组的完成将进一步推动生物防治灭蚊的基础研究。

中国科学院武汉病毒研究所袁志明研究员率领的研究小组，在杀虫细菌资源、毒素蛋白基因的克隆和表达及高效广谱杀蚊工程菌的构建、抗性昆虫抗性机理、杀虫剂的生产和应用等方面取得了一系列重要科研成果。所研制的球形芽孢杆菌杀蚊幼剂制剂对疾病媒介库蚊、按蚊具有特异性毒杀作用，对人畜无毒、不污染环境，是目前我国用于蚊幼虫孳生地控制的一种安全高效的生物杀蚊制剂。从1987年至2006年，在全国13个省市、一百多个县市累计应用超过150万亩次，产生了巨大的社会效益和生态效益。

全基因组序列测定的完成将为进一步阐明球形芽孢杆菌不能利用糖类物质代谢的遗传基础及其独特的产能代谢的调控机理，昆虫病原细菌—宿主的协同进化及同其它芽孢杆菌之间的亲缘关系提供理论依据。同时，为构建利用糖类物质的杀蚊工程菌株的构建提供新的思路，以推动杀蚊细菌在我国媒介蚊虫综合控制中的应用。



Complete Genome Sequence of the Mosquitocidal Bacterium Bacillus sphaericus C3-41 and Comparison with Those of Closely Related Bacillus Species ,
Xiaomin Hu,1 Wei Fan,2 Bei Han,1 Haizhou Liu,1 Dasheng Zheng,1 Qibin Li,2 Wei Dong,2 Jianping Yan,1 Meiying Gao,1 Colin Berry,3 and Zhiming Yuan1*

State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,1 Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,2 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3US, United Kingdom3

Received 12 October 2007/ Accepted 6 February 2008

Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41 is an aerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming bacterium that has been used with great success in mosquito control programs worldwide. Genome sequencing revealed that the complete genome of this entomopathogenic bacterium is composed of a chromosomal replicon of 4,639,821 bp and a plasmid replicon of 177,642 bp, containing 4,786 and 186 potential protein-coding sequences, respectively. Comparison of the genome with other published sequences indicated that the B. sphaericus C3-41 chromosome is most similar to that of Bacillus sp. strain NRRL B-14905, a marine species that, like B. sphaericus, is unable to metabolize polysaccharides. The lack of key enzymes and sugar transport systems in the two bacteria appears to be the main reason for this inability, and the abundance of proteolytic enzymes and transport systems may endow these bacteria with exclusive metabolic pathways for a wide variety of organic compounds and amino acids. The genes shared between B. sphaericus C3-41 and Bacillus sp. strain NRRL B-14905, including mobile genetic elements, membrane-associated proteins, and transport systems, demonstrated that these two species are a biologically and phylogenetically divergent group. Knowledge of the genome sequence of B. sphaericus C3-41 thus increases our understanding of the bacilli and may also offer prospects for future genetic improvement of this important biological control agent.