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[【学科前沿】] 《科学》:线粒体突变导致肿瘤扩散

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发表于 2008-4-8 09:25:37 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
作者:Jun-Ichi Hay… 来源:《科学》 时间:2008-4-8
ROS-Generating Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Can Regulate Tumor Cell Metastasis
Kaori Ishikawa 1, Keizo Takenaga 2, Miho Akimoto 3, Nobuko Koshikawa 4, Aya Yamaguchi 5, Hirotake Imanishi 5, Kazuto Nakada 6, Yoshio Honma 3, Jun-Ichi Hayashi 5*

1 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.; TARA Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 8 Ichiban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan.
2 Division of Chemotherapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.; Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
3 Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
4 Division of Chemotherapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
5 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
6 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.; TARA Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.


* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jun-Ichi Hayashi , E-mail: jih45@sakura.cc.tsukuba.ac.jp


These authors contributed equally to this work.

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) occur at high frequency in human tumors, but whether these mutations alter tumor cell behavior has been unclear. We used cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) technology to replace the endogenous mtDNA in a mouse tumor cell line that was poorly metastatic with mtDNA from a cell line that was highly metastatic – and vice versa. Using assays of metastasis in mice, we found that the recipient tumor cells acquired the metastatic potential of the transferred mtDNA. The mtDNA conferring high metastatic potential contained G13997A and 13885insC mutations in the gene encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6). These mutations produced a deficiency in respiratory complex I activity and were associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment of the highly metastatic tumor cells with ROS scavengers suppressed their metastatic potential in mice. These results indicate that mtDNA mutations can contribute to tumor progression by enhancing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.



科学家发现,线粒体突变会造成肿瘤扩散。(图片提供:CORBIS)

癌症往往会在肿瘤扩散到其他组织后发动致命一击。一项发表在《科学》(Science)杂志网络版上的研究为人们了解这一被称为转移的过程提供了最新的认识。研究人员报告说,线粒体脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)突变能够刺激转移,但这一过程同时能够被药物所逆转——至少在小鼠身上是这样。

线粒体是从母亲那里继承的一种微小的细胞器官,其作用相当于细胞的发电站。线粒体拥有自己的DNA,名为mtDNA。10年前,癌症研究人员注意到,肿瘤细胞中的mtDNA往往会产生突变——其水平大大高于正常组织。这部分缘于mtDNA并没有被蛋白质所包围,因此更容易受到损伤。一些研究人员推测,mtDNA可能导致了癌症。但也有人认为,变异仅仅是癌症的一个副产品;他们强调,那些患有线粒体疾病的人并没有显著的癌症倾向,同时患癌症的风险并非来自于母亲,因此不能肯定线粒体与癌症的形成有关。

为了研究mtDNA突变在癌症中扮演的角色,日本筑波大学的Jun-Ichi Hayashi研究小组与合作者将两种小鼠肿瘤细胞中的mtDNA进行了交换—— 一种细胞会发生转移而另一种则不会。当研究人员用这种杂交细胞对小鼠实施皮下注射后,这些细胞逐渐发育为肿瘤并最终扩散到肺。与注射了来自较少转移倾向的细胞mtDNA的小鼠相比,那些体内携带转移细胞mtDNA的小鼠形成了更多的肺肿瘤,这意味着mtDNA便是最终的罪魁祸首。然而mtDNA似乎与最初的肿瘤形成无关——当研究人员将来自转移细胞的mtDNA交换到正常细胞中后,后者并没有形成肿瘤。

转移细胞的mtDNA似乎通过两种突变——能够导致线粒体过度生产活性氧,这是一种会损害DNA的有毒分子——来完成它们的罪恶行径。当研究人员向小鼠的饮用水中加入一种吸收这些分子的药物后,这些被皮下注射了转移细胞的小鼠几乎没有形成新的肿瘤。

英国纽卡斯尔大学的线粒体研究人员Robert Taylor指出,这篇论文是“一项技术绝技”,他同时指出,抗氧化剂能够抑制转移的事实为未来的研究带来了希望。然而,美国波士顿大学Dana-Farber癌症研究所的Kornelia Polyak强调,用抗氧化剂治疗癌症的临床测试产生了混杂的结果,并且让接受化学疗法的病人使用抗氧化剂将影响治疗效果。(来源:科学时报 群芳)

(《科学》(Science),DOI: 10.1126/science.1156906,Kaori Ishikawa,Jun-Ichi Hayashi
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