补充维生素E可能增加肺癌风险

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Vitamin E Supplements May Raise Lung Cancer Risk
FRIDAY, Feb. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin supplements won't protect people against lung cancer and taking vitamin E may even heighten the risk, a new study finds.
2月28日，周五（健康日新闻）一项新的研究发现，补充维生素E不会保护人们对抗肺癌，甚至服用维生素E可能增加这一风险。

The survey covered the supplement-taking habits and lung cancer incidence of almost 78,000 adults in the state of Washington over a four-year period.
这一观察超过了4年时间，包含了华盛顿州接近78,000成人的服用维生素习惯和肺癌发生率。

\"Our study of supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E and folate did not show any evidence for a decreased risk of lung cancer,\" study author Dr. Christopher G. Slatore, a fellow in the division of pulmonary and critical care medicine at the University of Washington, said in a statement. \"Indeed, increasing intake of supplemental vitamin E was associated with a slightly increased risk of lung cancer.\"
研究作者Dr. Christopher G. Slatore是华盛顿大学肺部和危重医学分区的同事，他在一项声明中称，“我们研究了补充多种维生素，维生素C,维生素E和叶酸，没有任何证据显示可能降低肺癌的风险。”“增加补充维生素E确实和轻微的增加肺癌风险相关。”

As reported in the March issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the research focused on men and women aged 50 to 76 taking part in the four-year VITAmins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 521 participants surveyed.
就像《美国呼吸及危重医学杂志》三月刊报道的那样，这一研究关注于50岁至76岁加入四年的维生素和生活方式(VITAL)的研究中的男女。观察中有521名参与者被诊断为肺癌。

In addition to the expected association with smoking, family history and other lung cancer risk factors, there was a slight but statistically significant association with vitamin E supplementation and incidence of the disease, the researchers found.
研究者发现，除了已知的吸烟，家族史和其它肺癌风险因素，补充维生素E和疾病的发生率有微小的但是有统计学意义的关联。

Every increase in vitamin E of 100 milligrams per day was associated with a 7 percent rise in lung cancer risk -- translating into a 28 percent increase in risk over 10 years for someone taking 400 milligrams of vitamin E daily.
每增加每日100毫克的维生素E摄入关联肺癌风险增加7％，同样一个每日服用400毫克维生素E10年的人，肺癌风向增加28％.

\"This provides additional evidence that taking vitamin supplements does not help prevent lung cancer,\" said Eric Jacobs, strategic director of pharmacoepidemiology at the American Cancer Society.
美国肿瘤学会药物流行学教授Eric Jacobs说，“这给补充维生素不能帮助降低肺癌风险提供了额外的证据。”

The society does not currently recommend use of any vitamin supplement to prevent malignancy, Jacobs said. However, \"our dietary guidelines do recommend eating five or more servings of a variety of vegetables each day,\" he noted.
Jacobs说，学会现在没有推荐通过补充任何维生素来避免恶性肿瘤。然而，他提醒，“我们的饮食之道提倡每天吃五种或者更多种类的蔬菜。”

A representative of the supplements industry called the study results \"not all that surprising.\"
一个补充维生素的代表企业称这一研究结果“并不太奇怪”

\"Vitamins are essential nutrients that act to maintain health and prevent vitamin deficiency,\" Pamela Mason, spokeswoman for the London-based Health Supplements Information Service, said in a statement. \"They were never intended to be used to prevent chronic disease such as cancer. Indeed, it would be asking a lot of a vitamin pill to expect it to prevent cancer.\"
伦敦健康补给信息服务部门的发言人Pamela Mason在一个声明中指出，“维生素是重要的营养元素，起到维护健康，防止维生素缺乏的作用。”“他们不会预防慢性疾病如癌症的发生，事实上，有许多维生素片被寄予希望能够组织癌症的发生。”

Since the primary cause of lung cancer is smoking, the best preventive measure is simply not to smoke, Jacobs said. Nutrients can play an auxiliary role, he noted. Anyone who cannot quit should avoid taking beta-carotene supplements, because studies have linked them to an increased risk of lung cancer, Jacobs said.
Jacobs说，因为肺癌发生主要的原因是吸烟，最好的预防措施就是简单的戒烟就可以了。他提示，营养元素可能起到辅助的作用。任何人都不能忽视补充β-胡萝卜素，因为研究已经显示它与肺癌风险增高相关，Jacobs说。

On the other hand, \"for former smokers, there is some evidence that vegetables high in carotinoids, such as carrots and sweet peas, decrease the risk,\" he said.
另一方面，他说，“对与曾经吸烟的人来说，有证据表明，富含类胡萝卜素的蔬菜，像胡萝卜和豌豆可以降低风险。”

Some vitamins have been linked to a reduced risk of other cancers, added Edward Gorham, an associate professor of family and preventive medicine at the University of California at San Diego.
圣地亚哥，加利福尼亚大学家庭和预防医学副教授Edward Gorham补充道，有些维生素已经被证实有助于降低其他癌症的风险。

\"We have worked with vitamin D, and we found a protective effect of vitamin D on colon cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and recently a modest effect on lung cancer,\" Gorham said.
Gorham说，“我们研究了维生素D，发现维生素D对结肠癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌的保护效应，最近发现了它对肺癌有很微小的作用。”

But that effect came not from supplements but from sunlight, which causes vitamin D to be formed in the human body, he said.
但是他说，这种作用不是来自补给的，而是来自日光，可以使人体自身合成维生素D.

\"These results with multivitamins dont surprise me because there is so little vitamin D in multi-supplements, 100 or 200 International Units,\" Gorham said. \"To achieve the effect, it takes 2,000 IU. If you’re in the tropics, that amounts to 10 or 15 minutes in the sun. In southern California, it takes 10 or 15 minutes in the summer and longer in the winter because the sun angle is so low.\"
Gorham说“研究多种维生素的结果使我惊奇的发现，多种维生素里维生素D含量非常少，只有100或200国际单位，”“未起到这一作用，需要2000IU.如果你在热带，这相当于10或15分钟的日照。如果你在加利福尼亚南部。相当于夏季10或15分钟的日照，在冬季则长一些，因为日照角度小。”

One study has also associated vitamin D supplements with a decreased risk of colon and breast cancer in women, Gorham said.
Gorham说，还有一项维生素D与降低女性结肠癌和乳腺癌风险关系的研究。
身体内部存在氧化还原内稳态（ROH）。加入维生素E，可能会干扰ROH，削弱身体自身的抗氧化能力。身体的ROH可以持续跟踪身体的活性氧（ROS）相关信号，予以及时处理，但维生素E的来源却是间断性的，造成身体控制间断性真空，干扰身体的内稳态，自然会提高患病的风险。