静脉血栓：腿部小伤口是元凶

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Minor leg injuries can cause blood clots -study

CHICAGO, Jan 14 (Reuters) - Ankle sprains, muscle pulls and other minor leg injuries may be a major but unrecognized cause of blood clots in the veins, researchers said on Monday.

The risk of such clots lasts for about 10 weeks after a leg injury and may be due to damage to the blood vessel wall or the fact that even minor injuries may cause people to be less active, increasing the likelihood of clot development, the researchers said.

Karlijn van Stralen and colleagues at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands said they reached the conclusion by looking at 2,471 patients who developed venous thrombosis, as such clots are known, between 1999 and 2004, and another 3,534 people who did not.

Of the people who had a blood clot, 289 had a minor leg injury that did not require surgery, a plaster cast or extended bed rest. This added up to 11.7 percent of the 2,471 blood clot patients.

In comparison, just 4.4 percent of people who did not have a blood clot reported some minor injury to the leg. That suggests the injuries tripled the relative risk, Van Stralen's team concluded.

\"Because minor injuries are common, they could be major contributors to the occurrence of venous thrombosis,\" the authors wrote in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

Each year from one to three of every 1,000 people develop blood clots which block the veins, usually in the legs or thighs. Among the recognized causes are surgery and immobility, including that which can occur during extended air travel.

The problem can become life threatening if a part of the clot breaks off, travels to the lungs and blocks an artery.

Doctors who treat people for such injuries should be aware of the risk and may want to help their patients prevent blood clots, by moving around more often or by other means.

http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSN11293644
腿部小伤可能引起血栓

1月13日《内科学》公布，新西兰Leiden大学医学中心的研究人员报道，脚踝扭伤、肌肉拉伤等一系列腿部小伤可能是引起静脉血栓的主要的但是隐匿的原因。

在1999至2004年间，Karlijn van Stralen及其同事们研究了5000余名人员，其中2471名发展至静脉血栓，另外3534名没有发生。在出现血栓的人群中，有289人有腿部损伤的经历，但是比较轻微，不需要手术、石膏固定甚至是延期卧床休息。这个比例达到了发生血栓人群的11.7%。与此相对照的是，没有发生血栓的人群中只有4.4%报告有过腿部损伤的经历。Van Stralen研究组认为，腿部的损伤使得发生血栓的风险增高了3倍。

研究人员称，因为这些腿部的小伤很常见，因此可能是静脉血栓发生的主要因素；这种生成血凝块的风险会在腿部损伤之后持续10天左右，原因可能是血管壁的损伤，甚至是由于小的腿伤会导致患者活动减少、增加了血凝块发生的可能。

每年，每1000人中就有1到3人会发生血栓阻塞静脉，通常是小腿或是大腿。已被认知的原因包括手术、制动，后者包括长时间的飞行。如果血栓阻断了肺或者动脉的血供，这些问题可能是致命的。因此，处理这种患者的医生应该更为谨慎，为了帮助患者预防血栓形成，可以采取一些方法或是多观察他们。