|
北京成人三级英语考试网论坛
常用的前缀和后缀
1.常用前缀
aero?:concerning the air or aircraft
plane( 飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间, 间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti?: against;opposite of
nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)
matter( 物质)—antimatter(反物质)
war(战争、作战、 打仗)—antiwar(反战的, 反对战争的)
auto?: of or by oneself
biography(传记)—autobiography(自传)
criticism(批评, 批判)—autocriticism(自我反省, 自我检讨)
be?:to treat as the stated thing
friend(朋友, 助手)—befriend(待人如友, 帮助)
little(很少的, 矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视, 使渺小, 使...显得渺小)
bi?: two;twice;double
lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)
cycle( 自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车, 自行车)
bio?:concerning living things
chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
by—:less important
product(产品, 产物,)—by-product(副产品, 附加产物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
centi?: hundredth part
grade(等级)—centigrade(分为百度的, 百分度的, 摄氏温度的)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
co?: together, with
author(作家, 创造者)—coauthor(合著者, 共同执笔者,合著)
exist(存在, 生存)—coexist(共存)
col?used before l) together, with
location(位置, 场所)—collocation(排列, 配置)
com?used before b, m, p)together, with
passion(激情, 热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
con?:together, with
centric(中心的, 中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟, 联邦, 联合, 联盟)—confederation(联邦)
contra?pposite
diction(措辞, 用语, 言语)—contradiction(反驳, 矛盾)
natural(自然的, 自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
cor?used before r) together, with
relate(叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)
respond(回答, 响应, 作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应)
counter?pposite
act(担当,表现, 见效)—counteract(抵消, 中和, 阻碍)
attack(攻击)—counterattck(反引力)
cross?:across;going between the stated things and joining them
country(乡下的, 乡村的, [方]祖国的, 故乡的)—cross?country(越野的, 横过田野的)
breed((使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养,品种, 种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配, 培育杂种, (使)杂交)
de?:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce
code(代码, 密码)—decode(解码, 译解)
value(评价, 重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值, 贬值)
dis?:not; the opposite of
advantage(优势, 有利条件)—disadvantage(不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势)
agree(同意) —disagree(不一致, 不适宜)
honest(诚实的, 正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)
em?used before b,m, p) to cause to become
body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达, 使具体化)
power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与, 使能够)
en?:to cause to become; to make
danger( 威胁)—endanger(危及)
large(大的, 巨大的)—enlarge(扩大, 放大)
ex?:former(and still living)
minister(部长, 大臣)—ex?minister (前部长)
wife(妻子)—ex?wife(前妻)
extra?utside;beyond
curricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的, 业余的)
ordinary(平常的, 普通的, 平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的, 特别的, 非凡的)
fore?:in advance, before; in or at the front
arm(臂,武器, 装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗, 预先武装, 准备)
warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)
il?used before l) not
legal(法律的, 合法)—illegal(违法的, 不合规定的)
literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的, 不合规定的)
im?used before b,m,p)not
moral(道德(上)的, 精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
in?:not
direct(径直的, 直接的)—indirect(间接的, 迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的, 灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的)
infra?:below in a range; beyond
red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)
structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造, 基础下部组织)
inter?:between;among
change(改变, 变化)—interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换)
national(国家的, 民族的)—international(国际的, 世界的,国际性组织, 国际比赛)
intra?:inside, within;into
city(城市, 都市)—intracity(市内的)
department(部, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系, 学部)—intra?department(内部)
ir?used before r)not
regular(规则的, 有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的, 无规律的)
responsible(有责任的, 可*的)—irresponsible(不负责任的, 不可*的)
kilo?:thousand
gram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克, 公斤)
meter(米)—kilometer(公里)
macro?:large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
particular parts of
economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
structure(宏观结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)
mal?:bad or badly
function(官能, 功能, 作用)—malfunction(故障)
treat(宴请, 款待)—maltreat(虐待, 滥用)
micro?:extremely small
computer(计算机, 电脑)—microcomputer(微进化)
electronics(电子学)—microelectronics([电子]微电子学)
mid?:middle
day(天, 白天)—midday(正午)
night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
mini?:small;short
bus(公共汽车)—minibus( 小型公共汽车)
skirt(裙子)—miniskirt
(迷你短裙, 超短裙)
mis?:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
fortune( 运气, 好运)—misfortune(不幸, 灾祸)
understand(懂, 了解)—misunderstand(误解, 误会)
mono?ne;single
plane( 飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)
tone(音调, 语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)
multi?:more than one;many
purpose(目的, 意图)—multipurpose(多种用途的, 多目标的)
national(国家的, 国立[有]的, 民族的)—multinational( 多民族的,)
non?:not
resident—non(?)resident
sense 理性, 认识—nonsense(胡说, 废话)
out?utside;eyond
live(活的, 生动的)—outlive(比...长命, 比...耐久)
door(门, 通道, 家, 户)—outdoor(室外的, 户外的, 野外的)
over?:too much;above; additional
head(头,头的, 主要的)—overhead(在头上的,在头顶上, 在空中, 在高处)
time(时间, 时侯, 时机, )—overtime(超时, 加班, 延长时间,超时的, 加班的,加班地,使超时)
poly?:many
centric(中心的, 中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)
syllabic([语] 音节主音,音节的)—polysyllabic(多音节的)
post?:later than;after
graduate((大学)毕业生, 研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)—postgraduate(研究所学生, 研究生,毕业后的)
war(战争,作战, 打仗)—postwar(战后的)
pre?:before;in advance
pay(薪水, 工资,支付)—prepay(预付)
war(战争,作战, 打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)
pro?:in favor of, supporting
America(<美>美国, 美洲(包括北美和南美洲))—pro?America
abortion—pro?abortion(流产, 堕胎, 失败, 夭折, 中止, 早产)
pseudo?:not real;false
name( 姓名)—pseudonym(假名, 笔名)
science(科学, 自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学, 伪科学)
re?:again;back to the former state
unite(联合, 团结)—reunite((使)再结合)
use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
self?:by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself
employed(雇用, 用, 使用)—self?employed
taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—self?taught
semi?:half;partly
circle(圆周, 圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)
final( 决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)
step?:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother(母亲, 妈妈)—stepmother(继母)
children(孩子, 孩子们)—stepchildren(继子,继女)
sub?:under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger whole
divide(分, 划分, 分开, 隔开)—subdivide(再分, 细分)
section(部分)—subsection(分部, 分段)
super?:more, larger, greater than usual
market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)
natural(自然的, 自然界的, 普通的, 正常的)—supernatural(超自然的, 神奇的,超自然物, 不可思议的事)
tele?:at or over a long distance;by or for television communication—telecommunication
screen(屏, 银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)
therm(o)?:concerning heat
chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)
meter( 计, 表)—thermometer(温度计, 体温计)
trans?:across, on or to the other side of; between
Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(种植, 栽培, 培养)—transplant(移植, 移种)
tri?:three;three times
angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
cycle( 自行车)—tricycle(三轮车, 机器三轮车)
ultra?:beyond;very, extremely
modern(近代的, 现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的)
sound(声音, 语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响)
un?:not
certain(确定的, 必然的, 可*的)—uncertain(无常的, 不确定的, 不可预测的, *不住的)
fortunate(幸运的, 幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的, 使人遗憾的)
under?:too little;below
develop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全, (使)显影不足)
sea(海洋, 大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
uni?ne;single
form( 形态, 构成)—uniform(统一的, 相同的)
directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的, 单向性的)
vice?:next in the rank;below
chairman(主席, 会长)—vice?chairman(副主席, 副议长)
president(总统, 会长, 行长)—vice?president(副总督, 副省长 |
|