自考英语二完整讲义91

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二、在名词从句中的虚拟语气

　　主语从句：It is（was） + 形容词+ that …should + 动词原形

　　It is necessary that the meeting should be held tonight.

　　important， essential， imperative， suggested …

　　宾语从句：及物动词 + that …should + 动词原形

　　I suggest that the meeting should be held tonight.

　　Require， request， demand， propose， insist …

　　表语从句： 名词 + 系动词 + that …should + 动词原形

　　My suggestion is that the meeting should be held tonight.

　　decision， proposal， advice， order …

　　同位语从句：抽象名词 + that …should + 动词原形

　　He gave the proposal that we should hold the meeting tonight.

　　三、补充用法 P.233-237

　　1.if only

　　（1）过去式表示一种假设和意愿，

　　（2）“would+动词原形”表示一种一时很难显示的愿望

　　（3）过去完成时动词表示希望和过去的事实相反的情况出现。

　　2.would rather /would sooner

　　但愿、宁愿，从句中的“that”常省略。从句中的尚未发生的动作用过去时动词表示。

　　动作已经发生了用过去完成时动词表示。如果跟的不是从句，后面跟原形动词。

　　We would rather talk about the football or weather or what we had for lunch.

　　3.it's （high） time that 一般使用过去时动词。

　　4.lest， for fear that， in case 后面的句子中要用“should+动词原形”

　　5.公式化句子

　　6.错综时间非真实条件句，即主句的谓语和从句的谓语动词表示发生的动作在不同的时间。

　　7.其他

　　II.练 习

　　一、词汇英译汉：

　　1.classify　2.approximate　3.proportion　4.appreciation 5.acknowledge　6.alter　7.lengthen　8.wealthy　9.neglect　10.expectation

　　1.to approximate to 2.resistance to 3.to cope with 4.attribute … to

　　二、句子英译汉：

　　1.Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 or above.

　　2.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the older its population is likely to be - at least ， for any future that concerns us now.

　　3.The older you are now， of course， the greater this proportion will be， and greater still if you are a woman .

　　4.If you are now in your thirties， you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.

　　5.If， however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of， and looked down upon by others.

　　look down upon ： 看不起…； 轻视… ；

　　6.without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.

　　7.It is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem is recognized.

　　8.it is not until about the time the child enters school that outside forces contribute to feelings about the self.

　　三、句子汉译英

　　1.老龄化已成为一个社会问题。

　　Aging has become a social problem.

　　2.人们反对这一看法来自于出生率的下降。

　　The resistance to the idea is caused by the falling of birthrates.

　　The fall of birthrate resulted in people's objection to the idea.