食物不耐受还是食物过敏？

hxq2007

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90702.php
Food Intolerance Or Food Allergy?
食物不耐受还是食物过敏？

Food allergy or intolerance? It's important to know the difference.
食物过敏还是食物不耐受？关键是在知道两者的区别。
\"If you have a food allergy, eating even the smallest amount of that food may trigger a serious reaction,\" says James Li, M.D., Ph.D., Mayo Clinic allergy specialist, in the December issue of Mayo Clinic Women's HealthSource. \"With food intolerance, you may be able to eat small amounts of problem foods without a reaction.\"
James Li，,Mayo clinic的变态反应学专家（医学博士、博士后）在Mayo Clinic Women's HealthSource的12期上给出如下解释：“如果你是对某种食物过敏，即使吃很少量的食物也可以引起严重的过敏反应；如果是对某种食物不耐受，吃少量的该食物并不会引起过敏反应”
With an allergy, the immune system mistakenly identifies a food as harmful, triggering immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to fight the substance. Signs and symptoms usually develop within minutes and may include tingling in the mouth, hives, swelling of the lips, face, tongue and throat, wheezing or breathing difficulties, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. In severe cases, the airway can constrict.
发生食物过敏时，免疫系统将食物误判为对机体有害的物质，产生大量的IgE抗体以对抗这种“有害”物质。过敏的症状与体征经常在数分钟内产生，常见的症状有口腔麻刺感，荨麻疹，脸、口唇、舌头以及咽喉肿胀，出现哮鸣音或呼吸困难，头晕、腹痛、腹泻、恶心或呕吐。重症患者会出现气管痉挛。
Food intolerance, where a symptom is triggered by a food or substance, is much more common than food allergy. Only about 2 percent of adults and 6 percent of children have a food allergy. Food intolerance doesn't involve the immune system but can cause some of the same gastrointestinal symptoms as food allergy. For example, lactose intolerance, where people don't have the digestive enzymes to fully digest sugar in milk products, can cause bloating, cramping or diarrhea.
食物不耐受的症状由某种食物或食物成分引起，比食物过敏更常见。仅有2%的成人和6%的儿童患有食物过敏症。食物不耐受不累及免疫系统，但是可以引起和食物过敏相同的胃肠道症状。例如，乳糖不耐受的患者因不具有能完全消化乳制品中糖的消化酶，会在服用乳制品后出现腹胀、腹痛或腹泻等症状。
\"It's wise to consult a physician if you have concerns or questions about your reaction to certain foods,\" says Dr. Li. Allergies can be diagnosed with skin and blood tests. Diagnosing food intolerance is a bigger challenge, requiring a thorough health history. Foods can trigger symptoms for a number of medical conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, acid reflux and migraine.
李大夫建议“如果您对服用某种食物后的反应存在忧虑和疑问，去看医生是您明智的选择”。过敏性疾病可以通过皮试和血液学检测进行诊断。诊断食物不耐受则是一个更大的挑战，需要了解详尽的健康史。食物引起不适症状也可以因为继发于许多其他疾病，例如肠易激综合症，反酸和偏头痛。