例如:98年的第三篇阅读文章中有这样一句话:“A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.”
这句话就是在that引导的宾语从句中,又套入了两个who引导的定语从句。这个句子主句的主体是a survey reveals that…。从句的结构比较复杂:主语是the antiscience tag(反科学的标签),谓语是has been attached to(被贴到),宾语是many other groups,后面用了一个from sb. who…to sb. who…的结构来举例解释这些groups包括什么人。这句话的意思是“1996年进行的一次对新书的调查显示,”反科学“的标签也被贴在了很多别的人群的身上,包括提倡根除残余的天花病毒的权威机构,以及提倡削减基础科学研究资金的民主党人。”
例如:1994年考研阅读的第四篇文章中有这样一句话:“With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy.”
With引导的是一个独立主格结构,在这个句子中做原因状语,也就是说“因为现存癌症的种类有120种之多,所以…”。这句话的主语是由一个复杂的动名词短语充当的,即discovering how cancer works.由于这句话的状语较长,主语又是这样的一个复杂结构,所以大家往往感到找不到这个句子的主干。实际上,只要抓住谓语动词就很容易找到句子主干。由于单纯doing的形式是不可以做谓语的,所以在这个句子里,discovering就绝不可能是谓语。它是一个动名词,相当于名词的用法,因此它是做主语的。Works虽然是谓语,但它是how cancer works这个从句中的谓语,而不是主句的谓语。所以,主句的谓语只有is.
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. (99年第四篇阅读)