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《自然—生物技术》:三个基因导入即可形成“万能细胞”
——不导入c-Myc可减少诱导多能干细胞引发的癌症
自11月公布用人类皮肤研发出万能细胞之后,12月1日,日本京都大学教授山中伸弥研究小组再次在《自然—生物技术》(Nature Biotechnology)杂志上发表最新研究成果,原来制造万能细胞时需使用一个致癌基因,但现在即使不用此致癌基因,也一样能制造出万能细胞。这项成果将大大提升临床应用的安全性。
山中教授研究小组人员通过将4个基因注入皮肤细胞组成万能细胞,但这些基因里含有容易致癌的基因c-Myc,以此方法研发出的万能细胞所生出的老鼠,37只老鼠当中有6只致癌,即约有20%会出现生长肿瘤的情况,这些致癌的老鼠在100天左右就会死亡。
经过进一步研究,山中小组将四个基因当中易致癌的基因c-Myc去除,仅用其余3个基因注入皮肤细胞内进行实验,在调整培养条件后,制造出了新的万能细胞,以此新细胞培育出的26只老鼠,在饲养了100天之后无一例致癌。
山中教授表示,这次的研究方法虽说在安全性方面有了突破,但也并非能解决所有安全性问题。因为,在将基因注入皮肤细胞时需要用到病毒,这个病毒仍有可能引发癌症,未来还有待于进一步研究解决这一课题。
摘要:Direct reprogramming of somatic cells provides an opportunity to generate patient- or disease-specific pluripotent stem cells. Such induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were generated from mouse fibroblasts by retroviral transduction of four transcription factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc1. Mouse iPS cells are indistinguishable from embryonic stem (ES) cells in many respects and produce germline-competent chimeras2, 3, 4. Reactivation of the c-Myc retrovirus, however, increases tumorigenicity in the chimeras and progeny mice, hindering clinical applications3. Here we describe a modified protocol for the generation of iPS cells that does not require the Myc retrovirus. With this protocol, we obtained significantly fewer non-iPS background cells, and the iPS cells generated were consistently of high quality. Mice derived from Myc- iPS cells did not develop tumors during the study period. The protocol also enabled efficient isolation of iPS cells without drug selection. Furthermore, we generated human iPS cells from adult dermal fibroblasts without MYC. |
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