|
看过本栏目上期内容“Recall Notice”的读者可能对这个“召回通知”还有印象,不过大家是否还记得其对应的英语原文呢?尤其是这个通知的最后一句:“I should therefore be grateful if you would return it within five days of the receipt of this notice”。其实,这是英文里很常用的表示礼貌提出请求的一个句型,即:I should be very grateful if you would do something。所以,请你们记下这个有用的句型,并在日常口语或书面语种练习使用。比如:
(1)We should be very grateful if you would help us fill in this questionnaire. (如果您能帮我们填写这个问卷,我们将感激不尽。)
在这里,我相信你们都知道“grateful(感激)”一词,可你们是否注意到其中两个情态动词(should和would)的使用奥秘。实际上,在这个句型中,这两个情态动词的作用是功不可没的。本期内容我就来和大家一起探讨一下情态动词用于表示请求的用法。
在日常生活交往中,我们往往会请求别人为我们做某事,此时,我们当然要表现出礼貌或委婉,而不能直截了当地甚至是粗鲁地提出“强求”。为了表示礼貌,我们就需要借助于情态动词。比如,我们比较下列(2)、(3)两个对话,体会一下情态动词表示礼貌请求的作用:
(2)A: Hey, you! Open this door!
B: It's locked. Want we get the key?
A: Yeah. Get it. Fast!
A: 嘿,说你呢,把门打开!
B: 门锁了。想要钥匙?
A: 给我去拿,快点!
我们看到,这种直接而唐突的表达,显然缺乏礼貌,显得说话人很粗俗。但是如果我们借助于情态动词及其相关句型,就可以使我们的请求显得客气和委婉:
(3)A: Excuse me, would you please open this door?
B: I'm afraid it's locked. Shall I get a key?
A: Please, if you wouldn't mind, as quickly as you can.
A: 对不起,你能把门开一下吗?
B: 恐怕门被锁上了,要我替你把钥匙拿来吗?
A: 太好了,那就麻烦你快点去拿,好吗?
通过对比上面(2)、(3)两组对话,我们看到用了情态动词的对话(3)非常礼貌与客气,显然是我们每个人都乐意接受的。再比如,请陌生人不要抽烟,我们需要很礼貌:
(4)A: Excuse me, sir. I realize you have the right to smoke here. But could you put out your cigarette, please? Your smoke is coming right at us.
B: Well, sorry, I am in the smoking section, and I was here before you. If you wouldn't mind, you could go to the non-smoking section.
A: OK.
A: 对不起,先生,我知道你有权在这儿抽烟,但是,我还是想请你把烟熄了,好吗?你的烟味儿往我这儿飘来。
B: 哦,不好意思,我这是在吸烟区,而且我先来的。你要是不介意的话,你能去那边无烟区吗?
A: 好的。
我们看到,上面对话(4)无论是提出请求的A,还是委婉拒绝的B,都使用了情态动词来表示自己的礼貌,显得相当有修养,易于让人接受。我们再来比较一下如果没有情态动词,那是一种什么样的口气:
(5)A: Hey! Put out your cigarette! Your smoke is coming right at us.
B: I am in the smoking section, and I was here before you.
A: 嗨!你的烟直冲我这儿来。
B: 这是吸烟区,而且我比你先到这儿。
像上面对话(5)中,A这样直截了当地提出“强求”,当然让人难以接受,所以B同样以牙还牙,断然拒绝,说不定两人最后还要剑拔弩张,打斗起来。
通过上述这些对话,我们看到,情态动词在表示礼貌请求时所起到的作用有多么重要。在下比较面内容里,我将给大家系统地总结一下英语里用情态动词表示请求的常用句型。请你们细心体会,多多练习使用。
二
我们可以用第一人称(I/we)和第二人称(You)来提出请求。当用第一人称时,我们可以用四个情态动词:can/could和may/might,表示请求对方允许我们做某事。比如:
(6)can/could I ?
may/might I ?
注意它们的一些用法区别。第一,may I和could I 表示较正式、很礼貌地提出请求。比如请问陌生人的姓名:
a. May I have your name, please?
在售票窗口买票时可以这样礼貌表示请求:
b. Could I have two tickets, please?
警察要看你的驾照,他可以这样显示礼貌:
c. Could I see your driving license?
第二,can I则是非正式的请求允许,一般用于说话人与对方相当熟悉的情况下。比如你和你的朋友之间的对话:
d. Can I use your pen?
e. A: Hi, Jenny. Can I join you?
B: Sure, Michael. Please sit down.
第三,might I显得过于正式和客气,所以一般很少用。
当我们用第二人称时,请注意要用的情态动词是:can/could和will/would,这是请求对方为我们做某事。比如:
(7)Can/Could you?
Will/Would you ?
同样要注意不同的礼貌程度,Would you和Could you都是用来表示很客气的请求对方,客气程度相同,比如上述对话中出现的两句:
a. Would you please open the door?
b. Could you put out your cigarette, please?
Will you不如would you客气,比如较熟悉的朋友之间的对话:
c. A: I am on duty this afternoon. Will you please cover for me? I have a doctor's appointment.
B: I am sorry I can't. My term paper is due tomorrow.
A: 今天下午我值班,你能替我一下吗?我得去看医生。
B: 对不起,我替不了你。我明天得交学期论文。
Can you常用于非正式场合,熟人之间。比如在吃饭的餐桌上,你对你妈妈说:
d. Can you pass me the salt, Mom?
综上所述,我们发现表示“请求”时,不同人称所使用的情态动词不尽相同。Can/could可以同时用于两个人称,如“Can/Could I?”或者“Can/Could you?”。但may/might只能用于第一人称,不能说“may/might you?”,而will/would只能用于第二人称,不能说“will/would I”。
三
表示请求时,在语气上,越是不肯定或犹豫,就显得越礼貌,所以,由“直截了当”到“极为犹豫不决”,我们可以用不同的情态动词句型来表达不同的礼貌程度。以下都是表示很礼貌的请求句型:
(8)
Could you do...?
Could you please do...?
Could you possibly do...? (注意副词)
Would you do...?
Would you please do...?
Would you kindly do...? (注意副词)
Would you mind doing...?
Would you be good/kind enough to do...?
Would you be so kind as to do...?
Do you think I could...?
Do you think you could/would do/would mind doing...?
我们来看看,在下列短文中,作者描述了自己为什么不愿意轻易请别人帮助,比如搭便车。
(9)A thousand reasons why I didn't want to ask someone for a lift came into my mind: I don't know my neighbors; I don't like to impose; I feel funny asking for favors. Pride would not let me knock on a door and say, \"It's a 10-minute ride by car but a long wait for the bus, and it's a 30-minute bus ride, so could you possibly give me a lift to school?\"
一千个不请别人让自己搭便车的理由跳进我的脑海:我不认识我的邻居,我不喜欢打扰别人,我觉得请人帮忙很可笑。自尊心不允许我敲开别人家的门说:“搭便车只需要10分钟,但等公共汽车就要很久了,而且行程要30分钟,所以我能搭你的车去学校吗?”
后来有一次在迫不得已的情况下,她无奈只好请求别人帮助:
(10)She was wearing a brown coat and had a set of keys in her hand. Obviously she had a car, and just as obviously, she was going out. In that split second, desperation overcame pride, I blurted, \"Could you possibly give me a lift?\" I hurriedly explained, \"I never ask anybody for a lift, but...\"
我看到她穿了件褐色大衣,手里拿了一串钥匙。显然,她有车,而且正准备出门。就在那一刹那,绝望战胜了我的自傲,我脱口而出:“您能让我搭个便车吗?”我赶忙解释,“我从没向别人这样要求过,可是 |
|