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在GRE语文部分每个section的38道题中,填空题占了7道。和阅读部分相比,填空是相对容易在短时间内提高成绩的部分。通常考生只需要做对5道题,就可以拿到一个合格的分数。由于填空题是GRE general test的一部分,所以为了公平起见,在解题点上不会涉及任何背景知识(尽管在句子内容上涉及了大量背景知识)。也就是说,不管填空句的内容是什么,考生答题时需要的仅仅是语文知识而已。在做填空题时,考生应先对题干进行初步分析,推断出空格处应该填什么词(或仅猜出应该填什么类型的词),然后再看选项。这样可以减小干扰选项的误导,因为大部分干扰项都有这样的特征:在看到它之前很难想到它,但是一旦看到它,就觉得它好像也是正确的。所以考生一定要养成先读题干的好习惯。
解答GRE填空题主要有以下几种方法:
寻找句子中的重复关系
GRE考试是研究生院的入学考试,ETS为加大考试的难度,在很多句子中加入了各个学科的背景知识。但是基于公平对待所有学生的原则,所有题目在解题点上都不涉及背景知识。为了做到这一点,ETS通常会把答案放到题干中,然后用语言线索来提示考生找出答案。以下是提供重复线索的几种常见形式:
1. 简单的直接重复
例:The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of ______, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.
A. economics
B. legislation
C. cleanliness
D. aesthetics
E. restoration
“尽管大自然的美确实很重要,但污染的消除不仅是_____问题,”当然此处不仅是“美”的问题。
例:Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of _____ can boost sales of video clips very nicely.
A. self-deprecation
B. congeniality
C. cynicism
D. embarrassment
E. self-doubt
“摇滚乐手很少自嘲,尽管什么东西能促进录像短片的销售”,从语义上看当然就填“自嘲”。
例:Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and crimina-lity, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world ____ of ________ .
A. bereft... theatricality
B. composed... adversity
C. full... circumstantiality
D. deprived... polarity
E. devoid... neutrality
考生即使不认识Melodramas这个词也没关系,既然它表现的是无辜与罪行、道德与堕落、善与恶之间的刻板对立,那么它提供给观众什么样的世界呢?当然是刻板对立的世界,只有E选项是正确答案。
2. 解释型重复
例:The Muses are ____ deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who are weary of their charms.
A. rueful
B. ingenuous
C. solicitous
D. vindictive
E. dispassionate
冒号后面的内容就是正确选项D的释义,所以考生即使不知道缪斯,也能轻松选出正确答案。
例:Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents ________.
A. demur
B. schism
C. cooperation
D. compliance
E. shortsightedness
冒号后面的内容解释了民主方式运作的工作团体中为何少有严重的冲突,所以考生即使看不懂 a modicum of tolerance for dissent,也能推断出是它避免了严重冲突,故选B。
3. 根据语法结构推断重复:
例:The valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary ________ that permits very little __________.
A. text... clarity
B. work... tradition
C. genre... deviation
D. oration... grandiloquence
E. achievement... rigidity
a literary ____ that permits very little _______是a very strict form的同位语,所以第一个空格处应该填入form的同义或近义词,that permits very little____中的空格处应填入strict的反义词,故选C。
例:Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as ____ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.
A. a controversial
B. a statistical
C. an analytical
D. an explicit
E. an unimpeachable
在这道题中,a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers是对前面的______ fact的同义重复,所以空格应填入文献学家关注的事实,已知的五个选项里只有B选项的statistical(统计的)是文献学家的份内工作。
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