第四届中英庚款英文试题（三部分，时间三小时）

第四届中英庚款英文试题（三部分，时间三小时）

1. Write an essay on either of the following two subjects:
(1) Travel as a Part of Education.
(2) The True Nature and Limits of Patriotism.

2. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Whoever, working at any scientific problem, has occasion to study the inquiries into the same problem by some fellow---worker in the years long gone by, comes away from that study humbled by one or other of two different thoughts. On the one hand, he may find, when he has translated the language of the past into the phraseology of today, how near was his forerunner of old to the conception which he thought, with pride, was all his own, not only so true but so new. On the other hand, if the ideas of the investigator of old, viewed in the light of modern knowledge, are found to be so wide of the mark as to seem absurd, the smile which begins to play upon the lops of the modern is checked by the thought. Will the ideas which I am now putting forth, and which I think explain so clearly, so fully, the problem in hand, seem to some worker in the far future as wrong and as fantastic as do these of my forerunner to me? In either case his personal pride is checked. Further, there is written clearly on each page of the history of sciences, in characters which cannot be overlooked, the lesson that no scientific truth is born anew, coming by itself and of itself. Each new truth is always the offspring of something which has gone before, becoming in turn the parent of something, coming after, in this aspect the man of science is unlike, or seems to be unlike, the poet and the artist. The poet is born, not made; he rises up, no man knowing his beginnings; when he goes away, though men after him may sing his songs for centuries, he himself goes away wholly, having taken with him his mantle, for this he can give to none other. The man of science is not thus creative; he is created. His work, however great it be, is not wholly his own; it is in part the outcome of the work of men who have gone before. Again and again a conception which has made a name great has come not so much by the man’s own effort as out of the fullness of time. Again and again we may read in the words of some man of old the outlines of an idea which in later days has shone forth as a great acknowledged truth.

3. Translate the following passage into English.
舍己为群
积人而成群；群者，所以谋各人公共之利益也。然使群而危险，非群中之人出万不顾一生之计以保群而群亡，则不得已而有舍己为群之义务焉。
舍己为群之理由有二。一曰：己在群中，群亡则己随之而亡。今舍己以救群，群果不亡，己亦未必亡也。即群不亡，而己先不免于亡，亦较之群己俱亡者为胜。此有己之见存者也。一曰：立于群之地位，以观群中之一人，其价值必小于众人所合之群。牺牲其一而可以济众，何惮不为！一人作如是观，则得舍己为群之一人；人人作如是观，则得舍己为群之众人。此无己之见存者也。见不同，而舍己为群之决心则一。
请以实事证之。一曰从军。战争，罪恶也；然或受野蛮人之攻击而为防御之战，则不得已也。例如比之受攻于德，比人奋勇而御敌，虽死无悔，谁曰不宜！二曰革命。革命未有不流血者也；不革命而奴隶于恶政府，则虽生犹死，故不惮流血而为之！例如法国1789年之革命，中国数年来之革命，其事前之鼓吹运动而被拘杀者若干人，是皆基于舍己为群者也。