学习英语要注意语言知识的归纳、比较和辨析

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学习英语要注意语言知识的归纳、比较和辨析

罗 铸 泉

学好英语不是一件容易的事情,但要学得巧,效果就另当别论了。所谓“学得巧”,是指在英语学习中灵活运用一定的学习方法,变枯燥乏味的学习为一件快慰的事情,使我们越学越想学,越学越觉得学无止境。古人云:天下无难事,只怕有心人。学英语就需要做个有心人,需要在学习过程中随时不忘收集语言信息,经过一段时期再对所收集的信息进行加工处理。对所学的知识进行再学习,再认识,从而达到我们学习英语的目标——掌握英语的语言规律和提高我们正确使用英语的能力。下面就一些语言现象进行归纳,比较及辨析:

一、区分英语中的“看”和汉语中的“看”

1．请看黑板。Please look at the blackboard．

2．看那里,我想什么东西烧着了。Look over There．I Think something is burning．

3．他不能看见人群,因为他是瞎子。He cannot see the crowd for he is blind．

4．我看见这个盒子是空的。I saw that the box was empty．

注:look,表示“看”或“瞧”,强调将视线集中在某物上,不表明是否看清楚或看见什么;see,表示“看见”或“看到”,是指视力范围内能看见的人或物,强调看见了。

5．她一直注视着火车,直到看不见为止。She watched the train till it disappeared from sight．

6．你是参加玩呢,还是仅仅旁观？Are you going to play or only watch？

7．我妈妈每晚都看电视。My mother watches TV every evening．

8．上周我就看过这部电影了。I saw the film last week．

注:watch,表示“观看”或“注视”,多表示极有兴趣地用眼睛注视着活动的人和物。英语中看电影、戏剧习惯用see;而看电视,球赛用watch。

9．他亲眼看见这次车祸。He witnessed the accident himself．

10．他亲眼目睹了那场战斗。He witnessed the battle．

注:witness，表示“目睹”或“目击”,表示聚精会神地注视他人或某事件的全过程。

11．他在看书,别去打优他。He was reading a book．Don’t bother him．

12．启动微机前请看说明书。Read the instructions before you start the computer．

注:read,“看书,看报”等的看,表示不仅看,而且要理解所看的内容。

二、比较英语中几个易混淆的“受伤”

1．That soldier was wounded in the battle．那个战士在战斗中受伤了。

2．Six people injured when the big tree fell．大树倒了,伤了六个人。

3．She slipped and hurt her knee．她滑倒了,摔伤了膝盖。注:从以上三个例句我们可以看出“hurt”受伤的程度不如“wound”和“injure”;而“injure”着重于“意外”地受伤。

4．He felt wounded in his honour．他感到他的荣誉受到了伤害。

5．His reputation will be badly injured by these vicious rumours．这些恶毒的谣言会严重损害他的名誉。

6．A lot of companies will be hurt by these new tax laws．很多公司会受到这些新税法的损害。

注:通过4、5、6例句,表明“wound／injure／hurt”除了能表示身体上的“受伤”而且还能指“精神上”的“受伤”。

7．The cat scratched my younger sister．猫抓伤了我的小妹妹。

8．I scratched the side of the car as I was driving through the gate．我开车进大门时,把汽车外皮擦伤了。

9．There is a lot of blood on his finger．He cut it on a piece of metal．他的手指被块金属片割伤了,流了好多血。

三、加深理解非谓语动词的不同时态在句中的用法

1．These reptiles are thought to live among rocks．People think that these reptiles live among rocks．

2．Some dinosaurs are thought to have lived in swamps．People think that some dinosaurs lived in swamps．

注:通过例句1和2各句的转换可以得知“to live”表示现在的情况;“to have lived”表示过去的情况。

3．When you have used the paper cups once，you throw them away．Having used the paper cups once，you throw them away．

注:在例句3中用现在分词的完成式替换了“when”引导的从句。用分词的完成式来说明“use”这一动作发生于主句的谓语动词“Throw”之前。

4．The bridge which is being built across the river is not a suspension bridge．The bridge being built across the river is not a suspension bridge．

注:在例句4中用现在分词的被动形式替换了“which”导引的定语从句,说明现在分词“being built”的动作正在进行。

5．The problem which will be discussed is what laser is. The problem to be discussed is what laser is.

注:在例句5中用不定式的一般式替换了“which”引导的定语从句,说明不定式“to be discussed ”的动作将要发生。通过上面的例子,笔者是想说明,只要在英语学习中能自觉地运用归纳,比较及辨析的方法,就能巩固所学的知识,达到灵活运用的目的。