找回密码
 注册
搜索
热搜: 超星 读书 找书
查看: 613|回复: 1

[[资源推荐]] 小议被动语态翻译

[复制链接]
发表于 2007-11-6 15:04:42 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
小 议 被 动 语 态 翻 译

马晴虹
         
  英语中被动语态使用范围很广,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况:


  一、译成汉语主动句。


  1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。例如:
  On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages.
  《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。
  The whole country was armed in a few days.
  几天以内,全国就武装起来了。


  2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。
  Another middle school has been set up in our
  district
  我们区又办了一所中学。
  1200 people had been saved soldiers in the
  earthquake.
  在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。


  3.译成带表语的主动句。
  The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
  进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
  In the old societywomen were looked down upon.
  在旧社会,妇女们是受歧视的。


  4.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。
  it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动
  形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们”
  等不确定主语。例如:
  It is reported that the enemy has been breeding
  new strains of killer viruses
  据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。
  It is suggested that meeting be put off till
  next Monday
  有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。
  It is well known that natural light is actually made
  up of many colours
  众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。


  这类句型还有:
  it is said that... It is supposed that...It
  must be pointed out that...It is asserted that...
  It is generally considered that...
            
  二、译成汉语被动句


  为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时,可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。


  1.汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。
  North China was hit by an unexpected heavy
  rainwhich caused severe flooding
  华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击,引起了严重的水灾。
  Eg. The window pane was broken by the child.
  窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。


  2.译成“为……所”的结构。

  Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve.
  王大妈为家境所迫,十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。
  Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
  我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。


         
  三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句


  The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
  大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。
  The plan is going to be examined first by the research group.
  计划将先由研究小组加以研究。
  By evening the occupation was completeand the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew.
  至傍晚,占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。
            
  四、译成无主语句


  Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution.
  必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。
  Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again.
  现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。


  综上所述,英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句,只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯,又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时,既要注意语态转换的一般规则,也要注意其例外情况,有的被动语态形式已习语化了,更是不可忽视的。


回复

使用道具 举报

发表于 2007-11-6 15:37:02 | 显示全部楼层
楼主真的是很专业啊,向您学习了,真的是很好的资料。
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 注册

本版积分规则

Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|网上读书园地

GMT+8, 2024-11-14 01:48 , Processed in 0.140152 second(s), 18 queries .

Powered by Discuz! X3.5

© 2001-2024 Discuz! Team.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表