怎样让自己的句子“变”起来

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怎样让自己的句子“变”起来

第一，试着改变一下每个句子的开头。
许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性，用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如 People，We，I，He，They，She等。但这种开头见多了，难免让人厌倦。试比较：
A. People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food.
B. There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.
第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头，第二句则用there ＋be句型开头。这样既改变了主语＋谓语＋宾语单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出出来。实际上，为了把文章写得生动活泼，除了用主语开头外，还可以用句子的其他成分开头。
1.以形容词或形容词组开头 如：①Mary was very pleased and telephoned her mother． →Pleased，Mary telephoned her mother． ②The girl，hungry and thirsty，went back home． →Hungry and thirsty，the girl went back home．
2.以副词开头 如：The child stayed there quietly． →Quietly，the child stayed there．
3.以不定式开头 如：He got up very early to catch the bus．→To catch the bus，he got up very early．
4.以现在分词或过去分词开头 如：①I was filled with anticipation when I came home from school that dark winter's day so long ago． →Coming home from school that dark winter's day so long ago，I was filled with anticipation． ②If you give me enough time，I can do it well．→Given enough time，I can do it well．
5.以介词短语开头 如：Chester like many other adventurers had experienced fear and conquered it．→Like many other adventurers，Chester had experienced fear and conquered it．
6.以同位语开头 如：Sue，our monitor，always likes giving suggestions to everybody． →Our monitor，Sue，always likes giving suggestions to everybody．
7.以从句开头 如：①Francis had already surprised his friends several times before he sailed round the world single-handed．→Before he sailed round the world single-handed，Francis had already surprised his friends several times．②You will greatly improve your finished product if you have a quality control inspection．→If you have a quality control inspection， you will greatly improve your finished product．
第二，一句多译。其主要途径有：
1、运用同义词语。如：\"他上星期生病了\"可译为：
(1) He got ill last week.
(2) He was ill last week.
(3) He fell ill last week.
(4) He became ill last week.
(5) He was in bad health last week.
2、运用同一词语的不同句式结构。如：\"他写那篇文章花了三个星期\"可译为：
(1) It took him three weeks to write the article.
(2) He took three weeks to write the article.
(3) The article took him three weeks.
(4) To write the article took him three weeks.
(5) It took three weeks for him to write the article.
(6) Writing the article took him three weeks.
3、运用简单句与复合句的相互转换理论。如：
The man standing there is a policeman.
→The man who is standing there is a policeman.
What we should do next is unknown.
→What to do next is unknown.
We are thinking of how we can finish the work in time.
→We are thinking of how to finish the work in time.
4、综合运用同义词语与不同句式。如： “他做完练习后，便出去”，可译为：
(1) After he had finished the exercises, he went out.
(2) After he finished the exercises, he went out.
(3) Having finished the exercises, he went out.
(4) Finishing the exercises, he went out.
(5) After finishing the exercises, he went out.
(6) The exercises being finished, he went out.
(7) The exercises finished, he went out.
(8) The exercises having been done, he went out.
第三、利用倒装结构
英语的基本句型是S＋V＋O，如果偶尔打破常规，改变某一成分的位置，不仅可以丰富句型，而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分，收到意想不到的表达效果。例如：
1) In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.
2) Faith in the Chinese economic reforms the majority of people will never lose.
第四、巧用连接词
有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如 who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as if等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如： Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact.
这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如： It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future，though it is unlikely to be true. 再如：
The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in spring time it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered.
此句用and把三个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which，语义就会更连贯，语言也会更流畅：
The Mississippi River，which is one of the longest rivers in the world，often overflows its banks in the spring time，endangering the lives of many people.
第五，长短句交插
改变一下句子的类型，把简单句、并列句和复合句混合在一起使用。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。如下面的一段例文：I have often wondered whether some people，who had no intention of making a purchase，would take advantage of this privilege． One day I asked this question to the shop girl， and I learned it was indeed the case．
总之，作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：
(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句)
(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)
(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句)
(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)
(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)
(1)和(5)的句式最常见；如果加上其他三种互相交替，句子不是更多样化吗？我们再来看看下面两个句子要如何多样化？
(1) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.
(2) He felt very uneasy.
(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.
(c) The young pilot's first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
(d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
(e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.
(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.
(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.
在上述12个句子中，(a)-(g)是简单句；(h)是并列句；(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外，其他五样，用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句，尤其是(j)和(k)这两款；接着便是并列句(h)。如果大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种，而其他的则弃如敝屣，不是很可惜吗？
第六，改变句子的长度。
英文段落中的各个语句在长度上应该有一定变换，即所谓的长短句之说。短句子适用于表述概念，陈述事实，增强论述的力度,给人以精炼强调之感；长句子经常用于描写，解释和论述一个完整的情况,给人以严谨深刻之感。一般说来，长句有两种情况，一种是由于结构复杂而形成的长句，多见于书面语；还有一种是由简单句扩展而成以使语句表达得更加生动和清楚，主要出现在口语的表达中。英文写作不能一味地使用短句，要尽量使自己的文章的长短句结合，不要一味地使用短句或一味地使用长句，否则会使人感到句子过于简单或过于晦涩。段落中的短句过多，不仅使得段落显得单调，而且使得段落非常零散、内容浅薄。如果一旦发现段落中尽是写短句的话，这时就需要将某些简短的语句扩展成比较长的句子。语句的扩展主要是在语句的主干上增添修饰成分(如定语、状语等)。有些语句适宜用增添修饰成分的方法进行扩展，但增添修饰成分不应有斧凿之痕，应该使原句更加感觉有血有肉。
1 )You should stop smoking now. 你现在应该戒烟了。
如要扩展此句，可以这样进行：\"You should give up smoking now, for the sake of your own health, for the sake of the health of others, for the sake of your family, and for the sake of the entire world. \"为了你自己的健康，为了他人的健康，为了你的家庭，也为了整个世界，你现在应该戒烟了。
2) Doctors think that an active person should have a restful hobby, while a person who sits at a desk should have a lively hobby.医生认为爱好活动的人应该有安静型的业余爱好，而伏案工作的人应该有着活动型的业余爱好。
如要扩展此句，可以这样来进行：Doctors think that an active person, such as a baseball player or a swimmer, should have a restful hobby such as reading, collections of stamps, dolls, buttons or shells, etc. , while a person who sits at a desk all day, such as a teacher or a doctor should have a lively hobby such as tennis, golf, swimming or skating. 医生认为，像棒球选手或游泳运动员这类爱好活动的人应该有安静型的业余爱好，比如阅读、收藏邮票、收藏布娃娃、收藏钮扣、收藏贝壳等，而整日伏案工作的人如教师或医生，就应该有打网球、打高尔夫球、游泳或者滑冰这类活动型的业余爱好。
3 )A child with a problem will probably go to his friends for sympathy.一个碰到问题的孩子有可能到朋友那里寻求同情。
如要扩展此句，可以这样来进行：A child with a problem, then he feels what he will probably get from his parents is incomprehension or criticism, will go instead to his friends for sympathy and advice, leaving the parents totally unaware of the problem he has.一个碰到问题的孩子，当他觉得他从他的父母那里得到的有可能是不理解或者批评的时候，就会去找他的朋友们寻求同情和建议，而其父母对其问题却全然不知。
4) We can be informed of a lot by reading books.通过阅读书籍我们可以了解很多东西。
如要扩展此句，可以这样来进行：By reading scientific books, we can be informed of many facts; by reading geography, we know the earth' s surface, forms, physical features, etc; by reading history, we are told of the growth of the nations.通过阅读科技书籍，我们可以了解许多事实。通过阅读地理，我们知道了地球的表面、结构和地貌特征等。通过阅读历史，我们了解到世界的发展过程。
5) We'd better to keep company with the true friends.我们最好和对我们有帮助的朋友交往。
如要扩展此句，可以这样进行：As friends are both helpful and disastrous, it is better to keep company with the true friends who are helpful, encouraging and loyal, but to avoid those who are mean, stingy and treacherous.由于既有有助于我们的朋友，也有有害于我们的朋友，因此我们最好和那些对我们有所帮助、有所鼓励和忠实的真正朋友交往，而要避免和那些庸的、吝啬的、奸诈的人交往。
另外，修辞手段等方法的运用，也是不错的方法。
总之，英语的句式是多种多样的，只要从要表达的内容出发合理选用，文章的句式就会富于变化。同时，在学习写作的过程中，学生应不断练习构造各种各样句式，以提高语言表达能力。