手把手攻克考研英语写作

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考研英语写作简言之就是用语言表达思想，这里面无需深刻的思想，只要内容紧扣主题并且有一定量的有效信息即可。具体说来就是首先要做到在有限的时间内写出符合要求的长度；其次表达的形式要合乎英文规范，避免犯低级错误；再次最好写出一些让阅卷老师眼前一亮的语言“闪光点”。要想满足这三个要求，在最短时间里写出尽可能长、没有错误并且表达比较典雅的文章，最行之有效的方法就是事先准备好一些“万能功能句”，这样考试时不管遇到什么题材的文章，都可以直接将这些功能句“套用”到开头段、主体段和结尾段上。
　　
　　开头段
　　
　　开头段的写法有很多种。常见的有背景介绍法、引用名言法、趣闻轶事法、场景描写法、大意总结法、设问法、数据法等。具体到考研写作上则存在一定特殊性，这主要是由考研写作的特殊命题形式——图画作文决定的。虽然考研英语试卷的命题大纲中也有其他题型，但从1998年开始被采用到2000年已经正式定型，图画作文已是近几年考查得最多的命题形式。这类文章开头段一般由背景综述、图画描写两部分组成 (下文将主要以2006年“崇拜偶像”与1998年“空头承诺”考研作文为例进行讲解)：
　　Recent years have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of groupies. To show their love for their idols, these fans are willing to do anything. Asportrayed in the first photo, a young man paints the name of Beckham on his face. In the second photo, another man is “transforming” his appearance into Beckham誷 by having his hair cut in “Beckham-style”. For this idolization, the fan has to pay 300 yuan.(2006年考研作文范文开头段)
　　
　　★ 背景综述
　　上述段落第一、二句为背景综述，划线部分为引出背景的表达。只要文章类型相似，背景综述部分均可从以下经典表达中任选一句：
　　●Recent years have witnessed a substantial increase in idolaters.
　　●Nowadays, it is widely accepted that idolatry has become increasingly common in China.
　　●Nowadays, one of the pressing problems our society is faced with is idolatry.
　　
　　★ 图画描写
　　对图画的描写部分没有固定句型。不同的图画，主体各异，信息多少各异；但还是有一定规律可循。如果能在描写时遵循下列法则会有所帮助：中心落笔；突出主题；简繁随心。
　　“中心落笔”建议描写时一般从图画主体开始。2006年两幅图画中的主体都是一个年轻人，描写从他开始即可；而1998年的图画中有母鸡、鸡蛋、广告牌，还有鸡窠和一首打油诗，因此对图画的描述应该更细致全面：
　　In the middle of the cartoon stands a hen. (1998)
　　描写到这里还不够，因为图画的主旨还没有交代，我们还需要“突出主题”。“突出主题”就是把图画的主要意思交代清楚。从中心落笔后接着交待图画的主要信息：
　　In the middle of the cartoon stands a hen who promises that the eggs she lays would be absolutely normal.
　　最后是“简繁随心”。描写到这里就已经达到基本要求。对于其他次要信息觉得不好处理或没有把握的千万不要勉强为之。如1998年有考生硬把图画里打油诗的内容写出来，结果弄巧成拙。但是如果确有把握，可以在描写部分中加入一点细节，因为这样的细节容易出彩，形成加分亮点。如上文中的描写加上细节就变成：
　　In the middle of the cartoon stands a hen. With her head held high and a poster in hand, she promises that the eggs she lays would be absolutely normal.
　　
　　主体段
　　
　　主体段一般先“点明题意”，然后根据情况作“因果分析”：
　　Undoubtedly, what the cartoon describes goes far beyond Beckham and a haircut. It further conveys the message that an increasing number of people have become obsessed with celebrities. Adoration and passion can enrich our life, but idolatry, if taken too far, will do more harm than good. First of all, fans pay their 襜eloved?a lot of hard-earned money for event tickets and memorabilia, which might be used for better purposes. To make matters worse, fans waste a considerable amount of valuable time pursuing idols. Worst of all, supporters of different idols sometimes fight, even to death, for their own 襣od? (2006年考研作文范文主体段)
　　
　　★ 点明题意
　　“点明题意”可以在第一段结尾，也可以将其放在第二段开头。点题部分可以根据情况选用下列句型：
　　●Undoubtedly, what the cartoon describes goes far beyond a fan and his idol. It further conveys the message that an increasing number of people are obsessed with celebrities.
　　●The cartoon conveys the message that an increasing number of people are obsessed with celebrities.
　　●Like the young man depicted in the cartoons, a considerable number of people are obsessed with celebrities.
●The cartoonist aims to ridicule the phenomenon that an increasing number of people are obsessed with celebrities.
　　●The cartoonist aims to criticize that an increasing number of people are obsessed with celebrities.
　　●What is described in the cartoon reflects a common and serious problem of public concern — an increasing number of people are obsessed with celebrities.
　　1998年的“空头承诺”现象也可以套用上面的句型：
　　●What the cartoon describes goes far beyond a hen and her eggs. It conveys the message that an increasing number of people lightheartedly make false promises.
　　●The cartoon conveys the message that some promises are nothing but empty.
　　●Like the hen, a considerable number of people and businesses also guarantee to perform nothing but their own duty.
　　●Just as the hen depicted in the cartoon promises to lay normal eggs, so do an increasing number of people and businesses guarantee to perform nothing but their own duty.
　　●The cartoonist aims to ridicule the making of false promises among all walks of life.
　　●The cartoonist aims to criticize that some promises are nothing but empty.
　　●What is described in the cartoon reflects a common and serious problem of public concern — false promises.
　　
　　★ 因果分析
　　不同的文章可以选用原因分析或影响分析，也可以两者同时进行。上述2006年范文重点分析了影响，若使用“原因分析”则可选用以下模式：
　　What might be responsible for this phenomenon? Among the most important reasons is the... Also playing a part is... The third reason is ....
　　如果仔细分析2006年“偶像崇拜”的原因，套用上面的模式就可以写成：
　　What might be responsible for this phenomenon? Among the most important reasons is economic development. Life has greatly improved since the adoption of opening and reform policies. As a result, people who have become increasingly rich can afford the time and money to show their affection for celebrities. Also playing a part is technological advancement, especially in telecommunication. Were it not for the TV and Internet, fans would hardly have the opportunities to know celebrities, let alone fawn on them. The third reason is excessive publicity in the media. To arouse audience attention and attract advertisers, the media often make sensations out of actors, musicians, and athletes, even fabricating up their love affairs.
　　用同样的模式可以套用1998年文章主体段落：
　　What might be responsible for this phenomenon? Among the most important reasons is the short-term interest. Some people, for fear of failure in the market economy turn to false promises. Also playing a part is the decline of moral standards. Nowadays, driven by the desire for shining coins, some people are willing to sacrifice anything, including honesty and loyalty, for personal benefit. The third reason is lack of sound laws. Had we such a law that anyone who tries to benefit from false promises would be severely punished, no one would dare to violate it.
　　2006年范文主要列举了负面影响。列举影响一般先用一句话概括大意，正负两种影响分别可用下面一些经典表达：
　　正面影响：
　　●It is beneficial in more than one way. Firstly, ... Besides,... Most important of all.
　　●The positive effects are as follows. For one thing,... For another,... What is more, ...