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“本来……”表达形式种种
□山西省怀仁一中 张志平
中学英语教材中有一些“本来……”的表达形式,本文就这些表达形式归纳如下:
一、“本来想……”
形式1:“欲望”意义的动词( expect , hope , mean , plan , want , wish等)的过去完成式+不定式一般式。例如:
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看望你。
形式2:“欲望”意义的动词的一般过去式+不定式的完成式。例如:
He wanted to have caught the 7 : 00 train , but he missed it .
他本来想赶上七点的火车,但未赶上。
注意:would like , would love只能用上面第二种形式。例如:
I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . ( NMET97 )
昨晚我本想去参加晚会,但我要赶写一份报告,不得不加班。
形式3:was / were+不定式的完成式。例如:
We were to have told you , but you were not in .
我们本来要通知你的,但你不在家。
二、“本来以为……”
形式:“认为”意义的动词( suppose , think等)的过去完成式+宾语从句。例如:
I had thought that he had died at least ten years before .
我本以为他至少在十年前就去世了。
三、“本来应该……”
形式:should (或ought to )+不定式的完成式。例如:
You should have come here five minutes ago .
你本该在五分钟前到这儿。
注意:此形式的否定式表示“本来不应该……”。例如:
Tom ought not to have told me your secret , but he meant no harm . ( MET93 )
汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我,但他并无恶意。
四、“本来不需要……”
形式:needn’t+不定式的完成式。例如:
You needn’t have worried about it .
你本来用不着着急。
五、“本来能够(可以)……”
形式:could+不定式的完成式。例如:
We could have walked to the station ; it was so near .
Yes . A taxi wasn’t at all necessary . ( MET92 )
我们本来可以走到车站的,车站那么近。
是的。坐出租车根本没必要。
摘自《语数外学习》
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