营养不良可以影响入侵微生物

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营养不良可以影响入侵微生物

Undernutrition or malnutrition adversely affects host defenses against many invading microorganisms, thereby increasing the severity of infection. Studies of RNA viruses (e.g., coxsackievirus B and influenzavirus) have shown that selenium or vitamin E deficiency in mice increases disease severity and results in stable genomic changes in the virus that increase virulence. Changes in H3N2 influenzavirus were predominantly in the ordinarily stable M1 matrix protein. Whether this represents selection of already-existing variants or direct effects on viral RNA is unclear. Related questions include whether undernutrition in persons who acquire infection with influenzavirus H5N1 could promote genomic changes during infection that result in greater virulence and higher case-fatality rates, and whether undernutrition could help create the multiple mutations needed to instigate human-to-human transmission. These possibilities emphasize the importance of alleviating world poverty and malnutrition. In addition, these findings suggest that the neglected area of undernutrition affecting invading microorganisms merits intensive investigation in humans and experimental models.
营养不良或者营养失调都不利于宿主防御系统对抗入侵微生物，从而会使感染更加严重，研究RNA病毒（如：柯萨奇病毒B和流感病毒）已经显示了大鼠体内缺乏硒或者维生素E会使疾病加重，并且会造成病毒基因组的突变，从而使病毒致病力增强。流感病毒H3N2的变异主要是由于通常较稳定的基质蛋白M1的改变导致的，不管这代表选择目前已经存在的变异，或者是直接作用于不很清楚的病毒RNA，相关的问题包括是否营养不良的人，同时感染了流感病毒H5N1，在感染期间可能会加速基因的变异，以至于使毒力增大，死亡率增高，并且营养不良是否会有助于产生复杂的突变，促进人与人之间进行传播，这些概率都强调了改善世界贫困状况和营养不良的重要性，并且，这些发现说明被忽略的这一领域，营养不良影响入侵微生物，在这一领域加强对人类和试验模型的研究是非常有价值的