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以下是我平时读书随手抄录的一些词汇，它们的特点是：在大部分字典中标记为[formal]；形式简短，一般为5个字母以内；表现力比较强。比较遗憾的是，我抄录时，大部分词条没有把书中的原句抄下来，只好代之以词典例句。发在这里，希望对大家的写作有所帮助。[部分词条如applaud只在某些情况下用作formal words，对这些词条的其他释义就从略了。]
1 al‧be‧it [formal]
used to add information that reduces the force or importance of what you have just said [= although]:
He accepted the job, albeit with some hesitation.
Chris went with her, albeit reluctantly.
[Word Origin: Date: 1300-1400 Origin: all be it 'although it may be']
2 ab‧hor (past tense and past participle abhorred, present participle abhorring) [transitive not in progressive] [formal]
to hate a kind of behaviour or way of thinking, especially because you think it is morally wrong:
I abhor discrimination of any kind.
3 a‧kin [formal]
akin to something very similar to something:
Something akin to panic overwhelmed him.
4 a‧pex [countable]
1 [technical] the top or highest part of something pointed or curved:
the apex of the roof
the apex of a pyramid
2 [formal] the most important position in an organization or society:
The king was at the apex of society.
3 [formal] the most successful part of something:
He was at the apex of his career.
5 ap‧plaud
2 [transitive] [formal] to express strong approval of an idea, plan etc:
I applaud the decision to install more security cameras.
applaud somebody for something
She should be applauded for her honesty.
5 a‧vow [transitive] [formal]
to make a public statement about something you believe in:
He avowed his commitment to Marxist ideals.
6 bear [formal] to be responsible for or accept something
bear the coasts/burden
Each company will bear half the costs of development.
Fares have gone up, perhaps to more than the market will bear.
bear the responsibility/blame etc
Developed countries bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems.
7 be‧set (past tense and past participle beset, present participle besetting) [transitive] [formal]
1 [usually passive] to make someone experience serious problems or dangers
beset somebody with/by something
The business has been beset with financial problems.
the injuries which have beset the team all season
2 besetting sin: a particular bad feature or habit - often used humorously
8 ca‧bal [countable] [formal]
a small group of people who make secret plans, especially in order to have political powe
9 deem [transitive not in progressive] [formal]
to think of something in a particular way or as having a particular quality [= consider]
deem that
They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.
deem something necessary/appropriate etc
They were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.
be deemed to be something
They were deemed to be illegal immigrants.
be deemed to do something
UK plans were deemed to infringe EU law.
10 fet‧id [formal]
having a strong bad smell [= stinking]:
the black fetid water of the lake
the dog's fetid breath
11 hom‧age [singular] [formal]
something you do to show respect for someone or something you think is important:
The film pays homage to Martin Scorsese's 'Mean Streets'.
12 in‧cur (past tense and past participle incurred, present participle incurring) [transitive] [formal]
1 if you incur a cost, debt, or a fine, you have to pay money because of something you have done, or you do not make money
incur expenses/costs/losses/debts etc
If the council loses the appeal, it will incur all the legal costs.
the heavy losses incurred by airlines since September 11th
2 if you incur something unpleasant, it happens to you because of something you have done
incur somebody's displeasure/wrath/disapproval etc
She wondered what she'd done to incur his displeasure this time.
13 in‧tone [transitive] [formal]
to say something slowly and clearly without making your voice rise and fall much as you speak:
The priest intoned the blessing.
13 not least [formal] used to emphasize that something is important:
My mother was upset about his appearance here, not least because she felt it was invading her privacy.
… and neither was it quite so easy to take for granted the liberal disinterestedness of academia itself, in and era when, not least in the Vietnam adventure, the Western universities themselves seemed increasingly locked into structures of social power, ideological control and military violence. The humanities in particular depend crucially on some tacit consensus of value between teachers and taught; and this was now becoming harder to achieve.
[Eagleton, T. Literary Theory: An Introduction(2[sup]nd[/sup] edition). Maldon: Blackwell Publishing, 1996. p191]
14 o‧void [formal]
shaped like an egg
—ovoid noun [countable]
15 peer [countable]
1 [usually plural] [formal] your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc:
American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan.
Staff members are trained by their peers.
➔ peer group, peer pressure
16 pur‧view [formal]
within/outside the purview of somebody/something [formal] within or outside the limits of someone's job, activity, or knowledge:
This matter comes within the purview of the Department of Health.
We of the younger generation owe him a great debt, because he alone of all critics of a decade and half ago seems to have a synoptical knowledge of European literary history, and is the first to start the study of comparative literature which includes our own “old” literature within its purview.
Qian Zhongshu. ‘A Note on Mr. Wu Mi and His Poetry’[A]. A Collection of Qian Zhongshu’s English Essays[C]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005, pp72-73.
17 u‧surp [transitive] [formal]
to take someone else's power, position, job etc when you do not have the right to:
There were a couple of attempts to usurp the young king.
18 wreak /ri:k/ (past tense and past participle wreaked or wrought)
2 wreak revenge/vengeance (on somebody) [formal] to do something unpleasant to someone to punish them for something they have done to you:
He promised to wreak vengeance on those who had betrayed him |
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发表于 2007-9-6 11:23:21