I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。
We often help each other and learn from each other. 我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。
⑵ 意义上的一致
a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:
The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围住了这位政府官员。
单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people,police,cattle等。如:
The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。
b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:
Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是查尔斯?狄更斯1860年所著。
形复意单的单词有:news,works 和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称(如:“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”,the United States,the United Nations)以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics,politics,maths,economics等)。
⑶ 就近原则
就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
a. 并列主语用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如:
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错,要么是他错吗?
b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如:
There is a pen,two knives and several books on the table.
═ There are two knives,a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:
Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。
On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman. 船上有2,2001人,1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help. 两百美元帮了Jack大忙。
5、如果主语有more than one… 或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如:
More than one comrade has asked to stay. 不止一位同志已经要求留下。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident. 许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。
但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构及“more than one hundred+复数名词”结构之后,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:
More members than one are against your plan. 不止一位成员反对你的计划。
6、不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词及each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a …and many a…结构作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男的和女的都在工作。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
7、表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of,a pair of,the pair of,a series of 连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The trousers are in the drawer. 裤子在抽屉里。
There is a pair of shoes under the bed. 有一双鞋在床下。
The pair of shoes is rather expensive. 这双袜子很贵。
8、this kind of book ═ a book of this kind (这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of books═ books of this kind═ these kind of books(口语)(这类书),但this kind of books作主语时,谓语动词用单数;books of this kind 和these kind of books作主语时,谓语动词用复数。all/these kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
This kind of books is very popular with young people. 这类书很受年轻人欢迎。
Books of this kind are very popular with young people.这类书很受年轻人欢迎。
These kind of parties are dangerous. 这类政党很危险。
All kinds of flowers have come out in the valley. 山谷里各种各样的花已竞相开放。