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发表于 2007-7-16 02:20:13
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学科带头人巴恩斯的序参看楼顶的连接。
作者的自序在这里。给大家一个管窥这个学科的机会
Preface
自序
Plasmonics forms a major part of the fascinating field of nanophotonics, which explores how electromagnetic fields can be confined over dimensions on the order of or smaller than the wavelength. It is based on interaction processes between electromagnetic radiation and conduction electrons at metallic interfaces or in small metallic nanostructures, leading to an enhanced optical near field of sub-wavelength dimension.
等离激子学构成了迷人的纳米光子学的一个主要部分,用于探讨光如何被限制在光波长或小于光波长量级的尺度。学科基于 电磁辐射与金属界面或者微小金属纳米结构上的传导电子之间的相互作用 所导致的亚波长尺度的近场光学增强效应。
Research in this area demonstrates how a distinct and often unexpected behavior can occur (even with for modern optical studies seemingly uninteresting materials such as metals!) if discontinuities or sub-wavelength structure is imposed. Another beauty of this field is that it is firmly grounded in classical physics, so that a solid background knowledge in electromagnetism at undergraduate level is sufficient to understand main aspects of the topic.
这一领域的研究显示,当引入非连续性与亚波长结构时,将会出现一些独特而未曾预见的性质——即便是对于似乎近代光学研究不感兴趣的材料,譬如金属。这一领域另一美好之处在于,它牢固的建立在经典物理的基础上,从而本科水平的牢固的电磁学知识背景就足以理解这一论题的主要方面。
However, history has shown that despite the fact that the two main ingredients of plasmonics - surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons - have been clearly described as early as 1900, it is often far from trivial to appreciate the interlinked nature of many of the phenomena and applications of this field. This is compounded by the fact that throughout the 20th century, surface plasmon polaritons have been rediscovered in a variety of different contexts.
然而,历史表明:尽管实际上等离激子学的两个主要构成部分——表面等离激子极化子与局域表面等离激子——已经早在20世纪初就被明晰的阐述,但是对于这一领域的许多现象及应用的内在关联性还远远未能充分的理解。事实是,横贯20世纪,表面等离激子极化子为大量不同文献所二次发现。
The mathematical description of these surface waves was established around the turn of the 20th century in the context of radio waves propagating along the surface of a conductor of finite conductivity [Sommerfeld, 1899, Zenneck, 1907]. In the visible domain, the observation of anomalous intensity drops in spectra produced when visible light reflects at metallic gratings [Wood, 1902] was not connected with the earlier theoretical work until mid-century [Fano, 1941]. Around this time, loss phenomena associated with interactions taking place at metallic surfaces were also recorded via the diffraction of electron beams at thin metallic foils [Ritchie, 1957], which was in the 1960s then linked with the original work on diffraction gratings in the optical domain [Ritchie et al., 1968]. By that time, the excitation of Sommerfeld’s surface waves with visible light using prism coupling had been achieved [Kretschmann and Raether, 1968], and a unified description of all these phenomena in the form of surface plasmon polaritons was established.
这类表面波的数学描述最早在19世纪-20世纪之交 由对于有限电导的导体表面射频波传播的 研究而建立起来[Sommerfeld, 1899, Zenneck, 1907]。在可见光波段,金属光栅的可见光反射谱中光强的反常减弱的光测[Wood, 1902]直到20世纪中期才与理论工作联系起来[Fano, 1941]。大约在这一时期,通过电子束在金属薄膜上的衍射,科研人员将金属表面的相互作用与损耗现象联系了起来[Ritchie, 1957],之后,这一现象又与光学领域衍射光栅的原始文献关联起来[Ritchie et al., 1968]。就在这之前,可见光波段的索末菲表面波已经可以通过棱镜耦合的方式获得 [Kretschmann and Raether, 1968],而关于这些现象的一个统一的理论已经在表面等离激子极化子的框架下建立起来。
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