成年人干细胞能形成肌肉

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成年人干细胞能形成肌肉 在肌肉营养失调症模型小鼠的体内，从成年人血管中分离出的成人干细胞能够生成新的肌肉组织，这一最新的研究成果在线发表在2月份的《自然—细胞生物学》期刊上。研究人员迫切希望找到治疗肌肉损耗性疾病的线索，他们着手探索从血管壁分离出的干细胞的再生潜力。
在肌肉营养失调症模型小鼠的体内，从成年人血管中分离出的成人干细胞能够生成新的肌肉组织，这一最新的研究成果在线发表在2月份的《自然—细胞生物学》期刊上。
  研究人员迫切希望找到治疗肌肉损耗性疾病的线索，他们着手探索从血管壁分离出的干细胞的再生潜力。在最近一篇发表在《自然》杂志的论文中， Giulio Cossu 和同事指出，将分离自年轻金毛寻回犬的干细胞注入患营养不良症小狗的血液中后，小狗长出了新的肌肉。如今，同样的研究小组展示了新的研究成果：从青少年和成人血管中提取的干细胞也有类似的功能。
   研究人员从青少年营养不良症患者的体内提取出这种类型的干细胞，让它们在细胞培养液中生长。肌肉营养失调症与抗肌萎缩蛋白基因突变有关，抗萎缩蛋白质基因是肌肉形成所必需的，研究人员通过基因工程对这些干细胞进行修饰，让它们能够表达正确的基因型。在将它们注入营养失调症小鼠体内后，这些干细胞开始向骨骼肌肉移动，并在那里形成再生能力。
  重要的是，这些细胞能够重新形成肌肉自身的干细胞群。研究人员由此推测，这些分离出的干细胞展示了一种新希望：用患者自身的细胞治疗肌肉营养不良症。

部分英文原文：

Mural cells paint a new picture of muscle stem cells

Jennifer Morgan, Francesco Muntoni

SUMMARY: Despite being largely a post-mitotic tissue, adult skeletal muscle exhibits a remarkable capacity for regeneration. A new study has shown that cells derived from mural

CONTEXT: ...activity of muscle-specific stem cells, which are able to self-renew and to differentiate into muscle fibres on recruitment. The 'classic' stem cell of skeletal muscle is the satellite cell, a quiescent cell located under the basal...

Nature Cell Biology 9, 249 - 251 (01 Mar 2007) News and Views



Mesoangioblast stem cells ameliorate muscle function in dystrophic dogs
Maurilio Sampaolesi1,2,8, Stephane Blot3,8, Giuseppe D'Antona2, Nicolas Granger3, Rossana Tonlorenzi1, Anna Innocenzi1, Paolo Mognol4, Jean-Lauren Thibaud3, Beatriz G. Galvez1, Ines Barthélémy3, Laura Perani1, Sara Mantero4, Maria Guttinger5, Orietta Pansarasa2, Chiara Rinaldi2, M. Gabriella Cusella De Angelis2, Yvan Torrente6, Claudio Bordignon1, Roberto Bottinelli2 and Giulio Cossu1,5,7

San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita e Salute, Stem Cell Research Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6-8, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Neurobiology Laboratory, 蒫ole Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 20130 Milan, Italy
Institute of Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park of Rome, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico di Milano, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
Department of Biology and Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Milan, Via Celoria 28, 20130 Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Roberto Bottinelli2Giulio Cossu1,5,7 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.G. (Email: cossu.giulio@hsr.it) or R.B. (Email: roberto.bottinelli@unipv.it).


Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy remains an untreatable genetic disease that severely limits motility and life expectancy in affected children. The only animal model specifically reproducing the alterations in the dystrophin gene and the full spectrum of human pathology is the golden retriever dog model. Affected animals present a single mutation in intron 6, resulting in complete absence of the dystrophin protein, and early and severe muscle degeneration with nearly complete loss of motility and walking ability. Death usually occurs at about 1 year of age as a result of failure of respiratory muscles. Here we report that intra-arterial delivery of wild-type canine mesoangioblasts (vessel-associated stem cells) results in an extensive recovery of dystrophin expression, normal muscle morphology and function (confirmed by measurement of contraction force on single fibres). The outcome is a remarkable clinical amelioration and preservation of active motility. These data qualify mesoangioblasts as candidates for future stem cell therapy for Duchenne patients.