清代盛京故宫遗存

涂于德

   
     Only a few of the collections of Shengj琲ng (Shenyang) Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty have been kept till now. And the cultural relics which belonged to the period before Manchu conquered over China in 1644 are much more precious and rare. The collections of the Museum, such as Sword of Emperor Nurhaci, Waist Dagger of Emperor Huangtaiji, Birch—bark Bow of Emperor Shun—zhi and so on, are the things left be琱ind by emperors of the early Qing, and are indeed the treasures;  Imperial Reign—mark\" Certification Board and Seal Board with Manchu and Mongol characters, are all the historical material wit琻ess about three hundred years ago; Huangtaiji's Deer Antler Chair which shows features of the hunting national, is indeed a natural construction with the distinct ingenu琲ty; God—headgear, Waist—bells, God—ropes, Hand—drum and God—dagger, etc. were used in the sacrificial rites of the Qing—ning Palace, all of these are the cultural relic treas瑄res about the Saman religion of Manchu. Jade Seals and Jade Tablets for the successive emperors and empresses of the Qing,

   
     清代盛京故宫遗存流传至今者为数不多，其入关前文物更属凤毛麟角的稀世之珍。本院所藏清太祖、太宗、世祖御用宝剑、腰刀、桦皮小弓等，系清初诸帝遗物，弥足珍视。铸有“大金天命”年号的云版和满蒙文信牌、印牌，是300多年前后金时期历史的实物见证。体现狩猎民族特色的清太宗鹿角椅，堪称独具匠心之天然巧构。清宁官祭祀所用神帽、腰铃、索绳、神鼓、神刀等，为满族萨满教文物精品。盛京太庙原藏清历朝帝后玉册玉宝，乾、嘉、道诸帝东巡时所用丹陛大乐、中和韶乐、卤簿乐乐器等，均属与皇家典制密切相关的重要历史文物。盛京故宫新春之际贴挂于内廷的门神，有将军、福禄、娃娃诸种图案，或具威严之象，或富喜庆之气，体现出当时宫廷习俗与民间世风的密切关联。