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周总理是很多中国人非常敬爱的总理。一直以来,都流传着一种说法,那就是——
“1976年1月8日,周恩来逝世时,设在美国纽约的联合国总部门前的联合国旗降了半旗。自1945年联合国成立以来,世界上有许多国家的元首先后去世,联合国还没有为谁下过半旗。一些国家感到不平了,他们的外交官聚集在联合国大门前的广场上,言辞激愤地向联合国总部发出质问:我们的国家元首去世,联合国的大旗升得那么高,中国的总理去世,为什么要为他下半旗呢?当时的联合国秘书长瓦尔德海姆站出来,在联合国大厦门前的台阶上发表了一次极短的演讲,总共不过一分钟。他说:‘为了悼念周恩来,联合国下半旗,这是我决定的,原因有二:一是中国是一个文明古国,她的金银财宝多得不计其数,她使用的人民币多得我们数不过来。可是她的周总理没有一分钱存款!二是中国有10亿人口占世界人口的1/4,可是她的周总理没有一个孩子。你们任何国家的元首,如果能做到其中一条,在他逝世之日,总部将照样为他降半旗。’说完,他转身就走,广场上外交官各个哑口无言,随后响起雷鸣般的掌声。”
然而,最近却发现国内出现了很多帖子,指责这个版本的说法。例如“弥天大谎:联合国为周恩来去世破例降半旗”,“是谁给死后的周恩来添尴尬(续)???”等等。一时间,大有完全否则原来说法的势头。
作为一个中国人,我非常希望能够明白事实的真相。希望各位大侠不吝告知。
个人认为有几点需要讨论:
1.“周总理去世时,联合国确实降了半旗。(这即使是近来的指责贴也予以承认)”——经过初步google,似乎已经得到公认,但仍缺乏准确可信的证据。
2.当时是否有国家感到不平,提出责问?责问的原因是因为以前从未有此先例、也未有此规定,还是降半旗超过了规定时间(除了前面的说法,还有这种说法,参见《联合国为周恩来降半旗超过<旗典>规定时间的原因?》当时联合国秘书长是否因此发表过那段著名的演讲?
3.之前是否有此先例?(此说法参见《“是谁给死后的周恩来添尴尬(续)???”》
4.旗典的制定与执行日期?
5.旗典中规定的“遇有成员国国家元首或政府首脑去世时,联合国总部、日内瓦办事处以及联合国设在该成员国的办事处降半旗。(旗典第一条) \",周总理是否属于国家元首或者政府首脑?(因大多数指责贴都援引此条,但个人认为我国的国家元首或者政府首脑应该是国家主席)
6.周总理去世降半旗是否根据旗典其他条款,如第6条等。
也许还有其他需要讨论的,请大家补足!
附:《联合国旗典与规则》The United Nations Flag Code and Regulations
引自:http://hi.baidu.com/hdy42645788/ ... e01495d04358f3.html
V. MOURNING
五、致哀
a. Upon the death of a Head of State or Head of Government of a Member State, the United Nations Flag will be flown at half-mast at United Nations headquarters, at the United Nations Office at Geneva and at United Nations offices located in that Member State;
1.遇有成员国国家元首或政府首脑去世时,联合国总部、日内瓦办事处以及联合国设在该成员国的办事处降半旗。
b. On such occasions, at Headquarters and at Geneva, the United Nations Flag will be flown at half-mast for one day immediately upon learning of the death. If, however, Flags, have already been flying on that day they will not normally be lowered, but will instead be flown at half-mast on the day following the death;
2.遇有上述情况时,联合国总部和联合国日内瓦办事处在获悉该信息后立刻降半旗,为期一天。如当天旗帜已升起,一般不降下,而改在次日降半旗。
c. Should the procedure in paragraph (b) above not be practicable due to weather conditions or other reasons, the United Nations Flag may be flown at half-mast on the day of the funeral. Under exceptional circumstances it may be flown at half-mast on both the day of the death and the day of the funeral;
3.如由于天气或其它原因导致第二款规定中的程序无法实施,则在葬礼日降半旗。在特殊情况下,亦可在该元首或首脑去世之日和葬礼日均降半旗。
d. United Nations offices other than those covered by paragraph (a) above in the case of the death of a national figure or a Head of State or Head of Government of a Member State, will use their discretion, taking into account the local practice, in consultation with the Protocol Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and/or the Dean of the locally accredited Diplomatic Corps;
4.除第一款规定之外,联合国各办公室/办事处在遇有成员国家公众人物、国家元首或政府首脑去世时,可在考虑当地惯例并与外交部礼宾司或当地公认的外交机构负责人协商后,自行判断处理。
e. The head of a specialized agency is authorized by the Secretary-General to lower the United Nations Flag flown by the agency to half-mast in cases where he wishes to follow the official mourning of the country in which the office of the agency is located. He may also lower the United Nations Flag to half-mast on any occasion when the specialized agency is in official mourning;
5.联合国秘书长授权专门机构负责人,可在该机构办事处所在国举行官方葬礼,且该机构负责人认为有必要遵从该葬礼时,将该机构的联合国旗帜降半旗。联合国专门机构负责人亦可在举行该机构的官方葬礼时降半旗。
f. The United Nations Flag may also be flown at half-mast on special instructions of the Secretary-General on the death of a world leader who has had a significant connection with the United Nations;
6.经联合国秘书长的特别指示,在遇有与联合国有紧密联系的世界领袖去世时,可降半旗。
g. The Secretary-General may in special circumstances decide that the United Nations Flag, wherever displayed, shall be flown at half-mast during a period of official United Nations mourning;
7.在特殊情况下,联合国秘书长可决定在联合国官方葬礼期间降半旗。此规定不受地域限制。
h. The United Nations Flag when displayed at half-mast should first be hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered to the half-mast position. The Flag should again be raised to the peak before it is lowered for the day;
8.降半旗时,应首先将联合国旗帜升起至旗杆顶端并停留片刻再降至半旗位置。在当日落下旗帜前,亦应先将旗帜升起至顶端然后再降下。
i. When the United Nations Flag is flown at half-mast no other flag will be displayed;
9.联合国降半旗时,不得再同时悬挂其它旗帜。
j. Crepe streamers may be affixed to flagstaffs flying the United Nations Flag in a funeral procession only by order of the Secretary-General of the United Nations;
10.经联合国秘书长同意,在葬礼队伍的联合国旗帜上可附有绢、绸质长带。
k. When the United Nations Flag is used to cover a casket, it should not be lowered into the grave or allowed to touch the ground.
11.使用联合国旗帜覆盖棺椁时,旗帜不得放置于坟墓中或接触地面。 |
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