起源于法国的愚人节-Poisson d'avril

xliley

　　愚人节的起源

　　每年4月1日是西方的民间传统节日——愚人节。愚人节起源于法国。1564年，法国首先采用新改革的纪年法——格里历(即目前通用的阳历)，以1月1日为一年之始。但一些因循守旧的人反对这种改革，依然按照旧历固执地在4月1日这一天送礼品，庆祝新年。主张改革的人对这些守旧者的做法大加嘲弄。聪明滑稽的人在4月1日就给他们送假礼品，邀请他们参加假招待会．并把上当受骗的保守分子称为“四月傻瓜”或“上钩的鱼”。从此人们在4月1日便互相愚弄，成为法国流行的风俗。18世纪初，愚人节习俗传到英国，接着又被英国的早期移民带到了美国。

　　愚人节的过法

　　从1564年开始，每逢4月1日便互相愚弄已成为法国流行的习俗。18世纪初，愚人节习俗传到英国，接着又被英国的早期移民带到了美国。在这些国家，人们常常为欢度愚人节而组织家庭聚会，用水仙花和雏菊把房间装饰一新。比如，典型的传统做法是布置假环境，如把房间布置得像过新年一样，等客人到来时则祝他们“新年快乐”，令人感到别致有趣。如今的愚人节在美国已主要是淘气的男孩子们的节日。

　　最典型的愚人节整人方案

　　愚人节最典型的活动还是大家相互开玩笑，捉弄对方。比如，小孩子会告诉父母说自己的书包破了个洞，或者脸上有个黑点，等大人俯身来看时，他们就一边喊着“四月傻瓜”，一边笑着跑开去。


            

Poisson d'avril ! Pourquoi ?


Jusqu'en 1564, sous le règne de Charles IX (1550-1574), l'année débutait le 25 mars ou le 1er avril (jour de P鈗ues).

    - Charles IX -

Par ordonnance (Edit de Roussillon, le 9 ao鹴 1564), le Roi institua le début de l'année le 1er janvier.


Jusqu'en 1564, on avait coutume d'offrir un cadeau (les étrennes) à ses proches le jour de l'an vers le 1er avril.

A partir de 1564, par habitude ou par opposition, on conserva cette habitude en offrant un petit cadeau symbolique.

Mais pourquoi offrir un \"poisson\" d'avril ?

Plusieurs versions s'affrontent et la nuit des temps n'apportera pas de réponse définitive à cette question.

Certains avancent que le \"poisson d'avril\" serait devenu \"poisson\" parce qu'au début du mois d'avril la lune sort du signe zodiacal du Poisson.

D'aucuns pensent que, comme c'est la période de frai des poissons, on faisait une farce en offrant un \"poisson d'avril\" dans la période où la pêche était interdite.



D'autres enfin supposent que, début avril correspondant à la fin du carême chez les chrétiens où on ne mange pas de viande mais plut魌 du poisson, on continuait ainsi à offrir un \"poisson\" après le carême.

Quoiqu'il en soit, le 1er avril reste un jour convivial et une plaisante excuse pour jouer des tours à ses meilleurs amis.

Le \"poisson d'avril\" du 1er avril n'est pas uniquement fran鏰is mais aussi européen sachant que ce n'est pas toujours le symbole du \"poisson\" mis en avant chez nos voisins européens : en Belgique et en Suisse (\"oisson d'Avril\"), aux Pays-Bas, en Allemagne (\"Aprilscherz\"), en Angleterre (April Fool's Day) ou en Ecosse (\"Gowk ou Cuckoo\").

resonance

The origin of this custom has been much disputed. Many theories have been suggested.

What seems certain is that it is in some way or other a relic of those once universal festivities held at the vernal equinox, which, beginning on old New Year's day, the 25th of March, ended on the 1st of April.

It has been suggested that Europe derived its April-fooling from the French [2]. France was one of the first nations to make January 1 officially New Year's Day (which was already celebrated by many), by decree of Charles IX. This was in 1564, even before the adoption of the Gregorian calendar (See Julian start of the year). Thus the New Year's gifts and visits of felicitation which had been the feature of the 1st of April became associated with the first day of January, and those who disliked or did not hear about the change were fair game for those wits who amused themselves by sending mock presents and paying calls of pretended ceremony on the 1st of April. French and Dutch references from 1508 and 1539 respectively describe April Fools' Day jokes and the custom of making them on the first of April.
Though the 1st of April appears to have been anciently observed in Great Britain as a general festival, it was apparently not until the beginning of the 18th century that the making of April-fools was a common custom. In Scotland the custom was known as "hunting the gowk," i.e. the cuckoo, and April-fools were "April-gowks," the cuckoo being there, as it is in most lands, a term of contempt. In France the person fooled is known as poisson d'avril. This has been explained from the association of ideas arising from the fact that in April the sun quits the zodiacal sign of the fish. A far more natural explanation would seem to be that the April fish would be a young fish and therefore easily caught.

The Dutch celebrate the 1st of April for other reasons. In 1572, the Netherlands were ruled by Spain's King Philip II. Roaming the region were Dutch rebels who called themselves Geuzen, after the French "gueux", meaning beggars. On 1 April, 1572, the Geuzen seized the small coastal town of Den Briel. This event was also the start of the general civil rising against the Spanish in other cities in the Netherlands. General Alva of the Spanish army could not prevent the uprising. Bril is the Dutch word for glasses, so on 1 April, 1572, "Alva lost his glasses". Dutch people find this joke so hilarious they still commemorate the first of April.

The French traditionally celebrated this holiday by placing a dead fish on the back of friends. Today the fish is substituted by a paper cut out.

文字取于wiki，从红字部分可以看出，April fool似乎早于1564年。不知是否我理解错误？