3.Given the amount of time that children watch television，it has become one of the most powerful models they want to follow.
given在本句中用作介词，意思是considering， taking into account（考虑到），在词汇部分我们已作了比较详细的讲解，再请看两个例句：
1）Given they are fresh from university，they've done a great job.（考虑到他们刚走出大学校园，他们干得不错。）
2）Given that he has always been dreaming of visiting the great wall， it seems cruel not to take him to Beijing.（他一直梦想游长城，不带他去北京似乎太残酷了。）
除了作“考虑到”解释外，given还有如下意思：
1）规定的，特点的（形容词）
The work must be done within the given time. （工作必须在规定时间内完成。）
2）假设的；作为前提的（形容词）
Given the chance， she could have done as well as you have.（如果给他这个机会，她会干得跟你一样好。）
4.Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during these programs.
Shown on and advertised during these programs 在本句中的作用是分词短语作定语，相当于被动语态的定语从句，修饰toys.
1）Last night， we saw a documentary dubbed in English.（昨晚，我们看了一部用英文译制的记录片。）
2）The play put on by the first-year students was very good.（一年级学生演出的剧目很好。）
3）The letters written in pencil are from my brother.（那些用铅笔写的信是我弟弟带来的。）
These programs 是 shown on 和advertised during 这两个词组中的介词的共用宾语。如：
He doesn't care about and has no interest in other people’s opinion.（对别人的观点他不在乎也没兴趣。）
5.With these toys， their play tends to be more imitative than imaginative.
With 在本句中表示原因，意思是“由于，因”，如：
1）He is in bed with flu.（他因患流感卧病在床。）
2）Her eyes were dim with tears.（她的双眼因泪水而模糊。）
3）The boy's face was white with nervousness.（那个男孩的脸因紧张而发白。）
tend 的后面接不定式，意思是“易于，往往会”，如：
1）Plants tend to die in hot weather if you don't water them.（植物在炎热天气如不浇水容易枯死。）
2）He tends to get impatient if you ask him more than two questions.（如果你问他两个以上的问题，他往往会不耐烦。）
6.The narrow range of most violence-related toys advertised on television jeopardizes the role of play in helping children make better sense of their own feelings and interpret their world.
2）Over the long range， the most important step will be a general tax reform.（从长远看，最重要的步骤是全面实行税制改革。）
Make sense of 意思是“了解；弄明白”。如：
1）I can not make any sense of what he says.（他的话我弄不懂。）
2）His lecture helped me make better sense of the poem.（他的讲解帮助我更好地理解这首诗。）
3）I could make no sense of his carelessly written letter.（我看不懂他马马虎虎写的那封信。）
7.Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially made toy weapons brought into the classroom and welcome hearing your concerns about this matter.
have…toy weapons brought into the classroom（把玩具武器带进教室。）have sth. done 是极为常见的用法，如：
1）I need to have my bike repaired.（我需要把自行车修一下。）
2）He had his files destroyed before he left.（在离开前，他把文件都毁了。）
3）She wanted to have the rooms repainted before moving in.（她想在搬入前把房间重新粉刷一遍。）
发表于 2007-5-11 09:38:46