|
|
As it was called years ago, All Fools' Day is observed in many countries
around the world. The origin of April Fool's Day remains clouded in obscurity
. But what is clear is that the tradition of a day devoted to foolery had
ancient roots. As we look back in time, many ancient predecessors of April
Fool's Day are found.
A French legendary
The most widespread theory about the origin of April Fool's Day links the
Gregorian calendar reform.
In 1582 France became the first country to switch from the Julian to the
Gregorian calendar. This meant that the beginning of the year was moved from
the end of March to January 1. If someone failed to keep up with the change
and continued to celebrate the New Year between March 25th and April 1st
, various jokes would be played on him. This story might explain why April
1st specifically became the date of the modern holiday.
Mythological roots
There have been quite a few attempts to provide mythological explanations
for the rise of April Fool's Day.
One story dates back to Roman mythology, particularly the myth of Ceres (
the Goddess of grain and the harvest) and Proserpina. In Roman mythology
Pluto, the God of the Dead, abducted Proserpina and brought her to live with
him in the underworld. Proserpina called out to her mother Ceres for help
, but Ceres, who could only hear the echo of her daughter's voice, searched
in vain for Proserpina. The fruitless search of Ceres for her daughter was
commemmorated during the Roman festival of Cerealia and believed by some
to have been the mythological antecedent of the fool's errands popular on
April 1st.
British folklore linked April Fool's Day to the town of Gotham. According
to the legend, it was traditional in the 13th century for any road that
the King travelled over to become public property. People in Gotham didn'
t want to lose their main road and spread a false story to stop the King.
A messenger was sent to Gotham after King John learned the people's trick
. But when the messenger arrived in Gotham he found the town was full of
lunatics who were engaged in foolish activities such as drowning fish or
attempting to cage birds in roofless fences. The King fell for the hoax and
declared the town too foolish to warrant punishment. And ever since then
, April Fool's Day has supposedly commemmorated their trickery.
Anthropological explanations
Anthropologists and cultural historians provide their own explanations for
the rise of April Fool's Day. According to them, the celebration traces
its roots back to festivals marking the Springtime.
Spring is the time of year when the weather becomes fickle, as if Nature
is playing tricks on man, and festivals occurring during the Spring
traditionally
mirrored this sense of whimsy and surprise. They often involved temporary
inversions of the social order. Normal behavior no longer governed during
the brief moment of transition as the old world died and the new cycle of
seasons was born. Practical jokes,trickery, and the turning upside down
of status expectations were all allowed.
In addition,the linkage between April Foolery and the Springtime is seen
in another story that traces the origin of the custom back to the abundance
of fish to be found in French streams during early April when the young
fish had just hatched. These young fish were easy to fool with a hook and
lure. Therefore, the French called them ' oisson d'Avril' or 'April Fish
.' Soon it became customary to fool people on April 1, as a way of celebrating
the abundance of foolish fish.
(中国日报编译)
Vocabulary:
observe : celebrate（庆祝）
Gregorian calendar: 格里高里历法，即现行的阳历，公历，由教皇格列高利十三世
于1582年倡导使用，为朱利安历法的改进版
Ceres: 谷类女神，犹如希腊神化中的Demeter，掌管农业，富饶女神
Proserpina: 普罗塞耳皮娜，丰饶女神的女儿，后被Pluto诱拐成为地狱的女神
Pluto: 普罗托，罗马神话的冥神
Cerealia：农神节，在这一天，人们可以尽情狂欢，奴隶们甚至可以扮演奴隶主的角
色统治自己的主人
色统治自己的主人
fool's errands : fruitless mission or undertaking（徒劳无用的工作）
Gotham: 哥谭镇, 英国传说中的愚人村, 同时也是纽约的别名
lunatics: 傻瓜，疯子
fall for: 喜欢，爱上
too foolish to warrant punishment: 因为村子里的人很愚笨，所以可以得到赦免
fickle: capricious（反复无常） |
|
发表于 2007-3-28 18:58:57