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这是小女子自己写的一篇关于合作与竞争在社会和个人进步中所起的作用.
本文逻辑主要是这样的:
第一段是introduction,说明合作与竞争无论是在个人还是社会的进步中都是必不可少的.
第二段主要介绍竞争对于个人的作用,并举例证明.
第三段写竞争对于整个社会进步所起的作用.
第四段则写了合作对于个人在工作中的重要性.
第五段是写合作对整个社会的意义.
最后两个则是总结,重申了本文的观点,那就是合作与竞争缺一不可．
我写这篇文章时主要用的是例证法，每段第一句是ＴＳ句也就是主题句（theme sentence），随后给出个体的例子作为证明．刚写完时感觉十分良好，但现在回头再看一遍，感觉还有很多不足之处．比如例证的方法比较单一，只有用例证法而没有用反证法，递进法等等，所举例子有的也不尽完善．
现在贴出来也算是响应版主号召，支持原创．同时也是抛砖引玉，希望大家相互交流学习，一同进步．不足之处还请大家多多指教．
Competition and Cooperation
Peace and development, the main theme of today’s world, which is also the wish from the bottom of people all over the world, are the first and top concern that the leaders of countries should consider when they make decisions and strategies. Generally speaking, competition and cooperation seem to be the easiest and most efficient ways for either an individual or a country to achieve the goal of peace and development. It is hard for either a person or a country to gain success only through cooperation or competition separately, which means one should combine them together and find balance between the two. The following passages will explain how cooperation and competition help one realize his goal and why one can’t neglect either of them.
First and for most, competition is an essential and important quality people need if they want to be successful. However, unlike people in the west world, Chinese people, deeply influenced by the Confucianism, believe in harmony and middlebrow rather than competition in dealing with the relationships both between people and countries. They think a knowledgeable man should hide himself from being known so as to show his indifference and contempt towards fame and money. The old saying “a wise head makes a close mouth” can fully prove this. However, people’s mind may change in accordance with the situation. The first person who broke the rule may be Mau Suei, a person who lived in the Warring States Time. He stood out and recommended himself when his Master—Lord Ping Yuan—wanted someone who were well-versed in both letters and martial arts to accompany him to the Kingdom of Ch’u in the purpose of persuading its King to form an alliance against Ch’in. Then, Lord Ping Yuan took Mau Suei along with him and was amazed by his performance. From then on, he was put on an important position by his master and became famous for his courage and quick-wittedness. Even a person lived in ancient time was aware of the importance of self-recommend and competition, not to mention people who live in today’s China where the population is exploding and the unemployment rate is high. Today’s employment market is buyer’s market. If one wants to be outstanding among the other job-seekers in the pursuit of a position, he should make himself well-expressed and show all his advantages to his interviewer. More and more people become aware of the importance of competition.
Secondly, competition has made even greater contribution to the progress of science and human civilization. Many new discoveries and innovations were brought about under the consciousness of competition. Here, the history of computer can be an excellent example to illustrate this. In ancient time, the only device people had to calculate was their own fingers. As the economy developed and human civilization progressed, a lot of scientists and innovators made their own efforts to the improvement of various kinds of calculators. During World War II, under the urgent need of massive calculation, the first general purpose programmable electronic computer ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer—was built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly who were funded by the Army Ordnance Department. After that, more and more computer researchers and producers either built research centers or built companies to develop it, and thanks to their competition, generation after generation computers were created. The computer people are using now is the sixth generation and the new one is in the coming. Without competition, the progress of human civilization would be a much longer and harder one.
In the third place, as important as competition is, one cannot ignore the benefit of cooperation either. Cooperation, which means working together with others, is also indispensable for a successful or the to be successful people. Nobody can be a truly victor if he does not understand the art of cooperation. Examples in this respect are plenty. John Bardeen, the American physicist, could have not won the Nobel Prize for physics twice if he hadn’t worked with other scientists. He shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain for their joint invention of the transistor, and with Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer he was awarded the 1972 prize for development of the theory of superconductivity. Another case in point may go to Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang. Though finally broke up, one cannot deny the fact that they co-won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957 for work in discovering violations of the principle of parity conservation. Moreover, more and more companies, especially the transnational ones, put team work spirit first when they judge their employees.
Fourthly, as globalization is the main trend, various kinds of cooperation are established between companies, regions, governments and nations. These organizations, which unite people all over the world, push forward the development in many fields, such as science, economy, sports and literature. To illustrate, the Human Genome Project, initiated in 1990 gathered world’s top scientists from different countries in this field, including China, the United States, France, German, and Japan, finally accomplished in 2000 by the joint effort of these significant people. As for China, the country with vast territory and the largest population, it also need to work with others for the sake of its own development. The Chinese government always attaches great importance to cooperation in dealing with international affairs. Since the founding of PRC, China has joined in lots of international organizations and played an important and active role in them. In domestic, the Chinese government encourages local enterprises to start joint ventures with foreign investors so as to speed up its economy. The function of cooperation become more and more obvious in today’s world.
Finally, after talking about the role of competition and cooperation playing in individual and national success respectively, a wise man can realize immediately the huge effort of combing them together. In all the examples above, it is not difficult for one to notice that competition and cooperation coexist perfectly. Mau Suei accomplished his mission together with another nineteen people; despite competition, the history of computer development is also a history of company merging and cooperating; Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang also competed with each other to enrich their knowledge; and China has never fail to realize the importance of competition in the process of its development. So competition is built on the base of cooperation and cooperation in return optimizes competition.
To crown it all, new challenges and opportunities come with the new century. To face challenges and grab opportunities, one should competition and cooperation with others at the same time. They are two sides of one coin. The one, either an individual or a country, who is good at balancing them, will find his way to success much easier and faster. |
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发表于 2006-10-3 14:07:34
