译者注:本文以作者1999年2月在印度新德里举行的关于“建立全球范围的民主运动”会议上的主题演讲为基础,也采用了他去年的新著《自由:发展的目的和手段》一书中的观点。原文载于[Journal of Democracy]Vol.10, No.3,July 1999:3-17 (The John Hopkins University Press and the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies)。本刊编辑部获该刊许可翻译转载,并将于下期杂志刊登介绍该作者新著《自由:发展的目的和手段》的书评。
注释:
[1] 在Aldous Huxley的小说Point Counter Point中,在近代的印度,一位丈夫告诉妻子,他必须远行去伦敦的大英博物馆,以便到那里的图书馆里学习民主,而实际上他却是去与情妇会面。那时在印度一个对妻子不忠的丈夫就已知道,出门去学习民主是个欺骗妻子的巧妙理由。
[2] Adam Przeworski, et al., TimesItalic{Sustainable Democracy(可支撑的民主)(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995);Robert J. Barro, TimesItalic{Getting It Right: Markets and Choices in a Free Society(促其归正:自由社会中的市场和选择)(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996).
[3] 在我的新书TimesItalic{Development as Freedom当中,我也考察了有关这一问题的经验性证据和因果关联的某些细节。
[4] 见我的文章\"Development: Which Way Now?\" TimesItalic{Economic Journal 93 (December 1983);TimesItalic{Resources, Values, and Development (Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1984);及我的文章\"Rationality and Social Choice,\" 我作为学会主席在美国经济学会年会上的报告,发表于TimesItalic{American Economic Review (March, 1995)。也参见Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, TimesItalic{Hunger and Public Action (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987);Frances D'Souza, ed., TimesItalic{Starving in Silence: A Report on Famine and Censorship (London: Article 19 International Center on Censorship, 1990);Human Rights Watch, TimesItalic{Indivisible Human Rights: The Relationship between Political and Civil Rights to Survival, Subsistence and Poverty (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1992);and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, TimesItalic{World Disaster Report 1994 (Geneva: Red Cross, 1994).
[5] Dreze and Sen, TimesItalic{Hunger and Public Action.
[6] 见我的文章“泰戈尔和他的印度(Tagore and His India)”,载TimesItalic{New York Review of Books, 26 June, 1997.
[7] Amartya Sen, “Human Rights and Asian Values,\" Morgenthau Memorial Lecture(New York: Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, 1997), published in a shortened form in TimesItalic{The New Republic, 14-21 July 1997.
[8] Fareed Zakaria, “Culture is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew,\" TimesItalic{Foreign Affairs 73(March-April 1994): 113.
[9] 《论语.宪问篇第十四》(TimesItalic{The Analects of Confucius, Simon Leys, trans.(New York: Norton, 1997), 14.22, 70)。
[10] 《论语.宪问篇第十四》(TimesItalic{The Analects of Confucius, 14.3, 66)。
[11] 《论语.子路篇第十三》。
[12] Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 71.
[13] Huntington, 《The Clash of Civilizations》, 69.