汉语新难词英译

chenyongqu

　　摘要：时代飞速发展，汉语新难词不断涌现，翻译时颇难下笔，还有一些政策性很强的词句，翻译时颇费斟酌。故而，中国译协中译外委员会（由来自外交部、中央编译局、中国外交局、新华社、中国国际广播电台、中国日报社的专家学者组成）定期组织研讨会议，讨论并规范目前外宣工作中的汉语新难词，向社会公布，以正视听。以下选摘部分（均已注明出处，以显有据可稽）。

经济词汇

保险业　the insurance industry

保证重点指出　ensure funding for priority areas

补发拖欠的养老金 clear up pension payments in arrears

不良贷款　non-performing loan

层层转包和违法分包　mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

城乡信用社　credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

城镇居民最低生活保障　a minimum standard of living for city residents

城镇职工医疗保障制度　the system of medical insurance for urban workers

出口信贷　export credit

贷款质量　loan quality

贷款质量五级分类办法　the five-category assets classification for bank loans

防范和化解金融风险　take precautions against and reduce financial risks

防洪工程　flood-prevention project

非法外汇交易　illegal foreign exchange transaction

非贸易收汇　foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

非银行金融机构　non-bank financial institutions

费改税　transform administrative fees into taxes

跟踪审计　foolow-up auditing

工程监理制度　the monitoring system for projects

国有资产安全　the safety of state-owned assets

过度开垦　excess reclamation

合同管理制度　the contract system for governing projects

积极的财政政策　pro-active fiscal policy

基本生活费　basic allowance

解除劳动关系　sever labor relation

金融监管责任制　the responsibility system for financial supervision

经济安全　economic security

靠扩大财政赤字搞建设　to increase the deficit to spend more on development

扩大国内需求　the expansion of domestic demand

拉动经济增长　fuel economic growth

粮食仓库　grain depot

粮食收购企业　grain collection and storage enterprise

粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 closed operation of grain purchase funds

粮食销售市场 grain sales market

劣质工程 shoddy engineering

乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges,fund-raising,quotas and fines

骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

融资渠道 financing channels

商业信贷原则 the principles for commercial credit

社会保险机构 social security institution

失业保险金 unemployment insurance benefits

偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

外汇收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending

　　　　 以上摘自《中国翻译》2000年第二期　　　　

　

安居工程　housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化　information-based; informationization

智力密集型　 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

外资企业　 overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工　laid-off workers

分流　reposition of redundant personnel

三角债　chain debts

素质教育　education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程　jerry-built projects

社会治安情况　law-and-order situation

民族国家　nation state

　　　　　以上选摘自《中国翻译》2000年第一期　　　　

“台独” \"independence of Taiwan\"

台湾当局　Taiwan authorities

台湾同胞　Taiwan compatriots

台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

西部大开发　Development of the West Regions

可持续性发展　sustainable development

风险投资　 risk investment

通货紧缩　 deflation

扩大内需　to expand domestic demand

计算机辅助教学　　computer-assisted instruction　( CAI )

网络空间　 cyberspace

虚拟现实　virtual reality

网民　 netizen ( net citizen )

电脑犯罪　computer crime

电子商务　the e-business

网上购物　shopping online

应试教育　 exam-oriented education

学生减负　 to reduce study load