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以前曾读罗珞珈所译包斯威尔(Boswell)著《约翰逊传》(Life of Johnson),
内中有约翰逊在《英文字典》接近完成时写给齐斯特菲伯爵的那封著名的书简。此
信为英文名篇,在英语世界中的地位,颇类汉语中丘迟的《与陈伯之书》。此译文
为二十年前作品,略读一遍,觉罗译雅则雅矣,似稍过之。近于旧书肆得高健编译
《英美散文六十家》,其中亦有此简的译文。参列如下,座论两家之短长。
原文:
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD.
February 7, 1755.
MY LORD,
I HAVE been lately informed, by the proprietor of the World,
that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the
publick, were written by your Lordship. To be so distinguished,
is an honour, which, being very little accustomed to favours
from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms
to acknowledge.
罗译:
致齐斯特菲伯爵书
伯爵大人钧鉴:
日前,承世界日报业主告知,该报所刊对拙著《字典》赞誉交加之两篇文章
,实出于阁下之手笔。阁下对本人如此揄扬,诚三生有幸。本人素乏伟人提携奖
励,骤得恩宠,惶恐万分,不知该如何承受,如何致谢,始得其当也。
高译:
致柴斯特菲尔德勋爵书
勋爵阁下:
顷据《世界报》主人通知,该报近载有关拙著词典之推荐文章二篇,均系出自
勋爵阁下手笔。承蒙如此重视,自是荣耀非常,但以平日未习惯于贵人之垂青,故
余真不知将以何心情领受,并不知以何言辞鸣谢也。
案:
此段当以高健的翻译为佳。罗译“recommended”为“赞誉交加”,“distinguished”
为“揄扬”,“is an honour”为“三生有幸”。较比高译“推荐”,“重视”,“荣耀非常”
稍过。另,罗为补句意,使其通达,演绎出“骤得恩宠,惶恐万分”与“始得其当也”两句。
原文:
When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship,
I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of
your address, and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself
Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre; -- that I might obtain that
regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance
so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me
to continue it. When I had once addressed your Lordship in publick,
I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly
scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well
pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.
罗译:
昔日,本人尝稍受鼓励,即趋阶请益。阁下言辞华美迷人,一介凡夫如我,
何能免俗,禁不住陶醉神驰而沾沾自喜,大兴非独霸文坛而不罢休之豪情---
-曾几何时,阁下之言,虽犹在耳,阁下对我之垂顾,却已烟消云散,使我无论
如何自欺,亦无法开释于怀。自问当初本人对阁下之尊敬忠诚,殷勤取悦,比诸
任何煮字疗饥的文人,绝不逊色,我已竭其所能,使尽浑身解数,仍然无法获得
阁下垂青,是可忍,孰不可忍也。
高译:
犹忆当年小蒙鼓励,因有幸初次踵门拜谒之际,余之为阁下之辞令心醉,亦
犹人也;因不禁私心庆幸,自谓将能以“世上征服者之征服者”而自豪,即世人
所求而弗得之眷顾,余能得也;然继而发现,余之一番追随趋奉既悉数落空,乃
至无论出于自尊自卑,似已皆不许可此种往来之继续。再如某次当众向大人致词
之时,则于取悦一端,实已罄尽一介寒士之能事,固可谓已尽其在我;即或犹有
未足,似亦未容如此忽视。
案:
高译为佳。罗译“like the rest of mankind”为“一介凡夫如我,何能免俗”,
高为“亦犹人也”。罗译“I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de
la terre; -- that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending;”
为“大兴非独霸文坛而不罢休之豪情”,不仅演绎(将拉丁文消融于其后的词句中),且将自己
的理解加入。高为“自谓将能以‘世上征服者之征服者’而自豪,即世人所求而弗得之眷顾,余
能得也;”。罗译的“曾几何时,阁下之言,虽犹在耳”亦为补意,而作的演绎。
至于“which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess”,罗译的“比诸任何煮字
疗饥的文人,绝不逊色”简直就是误译了。“and no man is well pleased to have his all
neglected, be it ever so little.”罗译为“是可忍,孰不可忍也”,则为擅自替换原文含义
了。
原文:
Seven years, my Lord, have now past, since I waited in your outward
rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been
pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to
complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication,
without one act of assistance,one word of encouragement, or one smile
of favour. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a Patron before.
罗译:
忆及当初本人或枯候阁下于玄关,或见摈于大门之外,时光无情,忽焉已七
载有余;当是时也,本人无一日不孜孜矻矻,夙夜匪懈,努力工作而无一字一句
埋怨;如今大功告成,《字典》行将出版,亦无人助一臂之力,致一安慰之词,
或对我微笑示惠,以资鼓励。世所谓“恩主”(Patron)者,与本人一向无缘,
今后亦不敢有此奢望。
高译:
自曩昔候教于大人正厅外室,乃至见逐门外,于今已七年矣;在此七年间,余
已将拙作之编著,于种种困难之中,向前多所推进(按此节固亦无须抱怨),时至
于今,业已出版有日。然于此期间,固绝不闻有一事之援助,一言之鼓励,一笑之
赞许。此种厚待我固亦不曾指望,余实不曾有过赞助之人。
案:
罗高互有短长,高将“or”译为“乃至”,演绎。罗译“无一日不孜孜矻矻,夙夜匪懈,
努力工作”,演绎。“今后”亦不知所从何来。
原文:
The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found
him a native of the rocks.
罗译:
维吉尔诗中之牧羊童子,最后虽有幸结识爱神(Love),但早已奄奄一息,
僵卧于野,为时晚矣!
高译:
魏吉尔诗中之牧童据云亦曾求爱而得爱,然殊不料爱竟与石同宗。
案:
此段罗译为佳,因为用典,罗喜演绎的特点在此段倒是恰当,高译如不参照注释,根本不
知何意。
原文:
Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man
struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground,
encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to
take of my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been
delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary,
and cannot impart it;till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it
is no very cynical asperity, not to confess obligations where no benefit
has been received, or to be unwilling that the Publick should consider
me as owing that to a Patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.
罗译:
阁下,世之所谓恩主者,岂见溺不救,任其浮沉,不加理睬,及其登岸,又
伸以援手,示以关切者之流耶?阁下对本人挖空心思之捧场文章,如果早来一步
,不知使我将如何感激涕零;然而,事过境迁,一切均成明日黄花,本人现已无
心强颜欢笑,自我陶醉;当我孤独一人,呼天既不应,唤地亦无闻,现我功成名
就,又何劳他人锦上添花,代为吹嘘。此乃出自肺腑之言,并非一时意气之争,
尚希仁人君子不至于误解本人乃亡恩负义之徒,因我既无恩可亲,更无义可负也
。
高译:
然则所谓赞助者即彼见人溺水呼救而无动于衷及其抵岸又重以援助相絮聒之
人乎?阁下于我辛劳之枉顾,如其到来稍早,亦必曾令人感戴,然而延稽至今,
我已麻木不仁,而不知感受矣;我已孑然一身,而无人得与分享矣;我已功成名
就,而无此必要矣。然不得恩遇则难言领情。命运既以此书期委我于独成,我矣
不应使世人误认我尚有赞助之人,此话谅亦不致视为苛刻。
案:
罗译中未体现“encumber”意境,未若高的“絮聒”。“强颜欢笑,自我陶醉”
,“呼天既不应,唤地亦无闻”,“锦上添花,代为吹嘘”等又发挥了罗的强项。
“I hope it is no very cynical asperity, not to confess obligations where no benefit
has been received, or to be unwilling that the Publick should consider
me as owing that to a Patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.”
罗译改换句式,变为因果,而且还漏译了一从句“which Providence has enabled me to do for myself”
原文:
Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to
any favourer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I should
conclude it, if less be possible, with less; for I have been long wakened
from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation,
My Lord,
Your Lordship's most humble
Most obedient servant,
SAM. JOHNSON.
罗译:
本人工作已近完成阶段,以往既未蒙任何文坛先进,衮衮诸公,提携奖掖,
如今亦不会因此而伤心欲绝,肝肠寸断。对于一切事后溢美之词,最好能省即省
,能免即免。对于曩昔信以为真,全心以赴的千秋大梦,本人已梦醒多时!
此颂
约翰逊 再拜
1755年 2月7日
高译:
既然此书之编迄今从未得彼学术赞助者之一顾,故值其告竣之际,实亦无虑
其廑注之更少(如其尚可云少),如今大梦既醒,余已不复为昔日颇曾以此为得
意之
阁下之
至谦卑至恭顺之
牛马走
塞 约翰逊
一七五五年二月七日
案:
相对高译,罗此段更糟。我还是不说了,诸位自己看吧。另,高将约翰逊原文结尾落款
与正文的妙合而凝也译了出来,不可不察。
我相信罗珞珈是拿出十二分精神来译此名牍的,但是和高译相较,落差如此之大。那么这
整本的《约翰逊传》教人如何看得安心呀!
《约翰逊传》 原著 包斯威尔 翻译 罗珞珈、莫洛夫
中国社会科学出版社 二○○四年一月一版一刷。
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