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在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。
11. 错误 12. 图画 13. 特别的 14. 取消,消灭 15.破碎 16. 环境,形势 17. 著名的 18. 强盗 19. 摇动,颤动 20. 说话,谈话
11.错误
(误会) mistake: A wrong thought, act. It implies carelessness Anyone can make a mistake.
(过错 弱点) fault: A bad point, but not of a serious moral kind. It refers to behavior and character. His only fault is that he lacks ambition.
find fault with sb / at fault shortcoming: Weakness, failing
It refers to failures or deficiencies in things as well as people.
In spite of all her shortcomings I still think she\"s one of the best teachers in the school.
(疏忽) error: A mistake (formal sometimes literary)
It implies deviation from a standard or model
The accident was caused by human error.
(缺点 毛病) defect: sth lacking or imperfect.
It refers to quality.
The radio was returned because of a defect.
(失误 过失) blunder: A very stupid or unnecessary mistake.
It implies ignorance.
This is the fatal blunder of his life.
12.图画
picture: The most general one.
(彩图) painting: pictures with color.
(绘画 图画) drawing: A picture made with a pen, pencil and crayon. Sketch, diagrams and graphs are all drawings.
(草图) sketch: A rough not detailed drawing.
(图解 图表) diagram: A drawing, figure that shows the arrangement of something.
(曲线图) graph: A diagram in which a straight line, curved, or zigzag line shows how two sets of numbers or measurements are related.
(插图) illustration: A picture to go with words of a book.
(图样 草图) draft: The first rough written form of anything.
(平面图) plan: A line drawing of a building as it might been seen from above.
(主视图) elevation: A flat upright side of a building.
(海图) chart: A map esp. a detailed map of a sea area.
13.特别
(专门的,与众不同的) special: Different in some way from what is common, ordinary, or usual.
It stresses having a quality, character, identity, or use of its own.
The tube contains special gases.
(特别的) especial: (fml) To an usually great degree, exceptional
It emphasizes the importance of the things or the persons mentioned
This is a matter of especial importance.
(各别的) particular: Relating or belonging to only one thing or person.
It stresses the distinctness of something as an individual which is worth notice. In that particular case, the rule doesn\"t hold.(适用)
(特种的) specific: Detailed and exact, clear in meaning and explanation, fixed, determined.(used in scientific articles)
It implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species.
He gave me a very specific instruction. There is a specific tool for each job.
(独特的) peculiar: Strange or perhaps unpleasant.
It implies strangeness. He has a peculiar way of speaking.
14.取消 消灭
(取消 解除) cancel: To give up, to declare something is to be effective.
He has cancelled his leave of absence.(消假)
(废除 废止) abolish: To do away with. It refers to practices, social institutions. Bad customs should be abolished.
(消灭 排除) eliminate: To get rid of.
We should eliminate the false and retain the true.
(撤消 废除) repeal: To bring to an end of the effect of a law or an order. Some laws should be repealed.
(根除 消灭) exterminate: To destroy completely and wholly.
Colonialism must be exterminated.
15.破碎
break: The most general one.
(压碎 压破) crush: To press together violently as to break, to destroy its shape by squeezing it. It suggests the effect of great external pressure.
The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it.
(打碎) smash: To break thoroughly to pieces with a crushing sound.
She dropped the plate and smashed it.
(打裂) crack: To break without separation of parts.
It suggests the breaking out across a surface.
He cracked the window by leaning against it.
(破裂) burst: To break open by pressure from within.
The fireworks burst while they were in the air.
(砸碎 破碎) shatter: To break into pieces.
It suggests the breaking up of a thin surface.
The glass was shattered to pieces.
(撞坏) crash: To refer to the vehicle which hits something and is badly damaged.
16.环境 形势
(环境 形势) conditions: The location and other factors likely to
affect it. It suggests something that has stayed the same for
some time and which affects daily life such as food, work, and houses.
We are now studying the economic conditions in the developing countries.
(形势) situation: A position or state at a particular time, set of conditions, facts, and events having an effect on a person, society, etc.
It suggests more general matters such as government planning and finance.
The political situation in these countries are always changing.
(环境 周围 外界) environment: The circumstances, things and conditions that influence you. It refers to spirit aspect, physical aspect and
material aspect. We must try to beautify our environment.
(形势 情况) circumstance(s): A situation or event around us, a certain kind of atmosphere, the conditions that affect
what happens. in (under) the circumstances
(环境 周围事物) surrounding(s): The area and environment around a place or
person. It indicates a very narrow condition, \"physically\" sometimes reflects spiritual aspect.
They lived in hostile surroundings.
17.著名的
well-known: (infl)
famous: The most general one. widely known or honored.
(杰出的 知名的) distinguished: Great, outstanding marked by excellent quality or deserved fame, used especially of people who are famous for serious work in science, the arts etc.
He was a distinguished writer.
(驰名的) celebrated: Famous, (substitute for renowned)
It refers objectively to sb or something that has been give acclaim or honoured with awards or prizes. She was a celebrated actress.
renowned: Highly honored and famous for something good. often refers to places or things, also It suggests something that has become legendary or is no longer available for an objective evaluation.
Edison was renowned for his inventions.
noted: Well-known and admired
It often describes a more intellectual kind of effort and accomplishment indicating an authority or expert or their theories. Maybe it is not widely
known to the general public. He was a very noted expert.
(臭名昭著) notorious: Famous for something bad.
He is notorious for his crimes.
18.强盗
thief: The most general one.
(强盗) robber: It suggests a direct confrontation in which the owner is forced to give up his valuables.
(行凶强劫) mugger: A person who attacks and robs people in a street or in a lift.
burglar: A person who breaks into a house at night to steal something.
(歹徒 暴徒) gangster: A member of a group of criminals, esp. those who are
armed and use guns to threaten.
(匪徒) bandit: an armed robber.
It suggests an organized group in a rural setting.
(土匪) brigand: A robber who lives by robbing travelers in the country.
(海盗) pirate: A person who robs on the sea.
19.摇动,颤动
shake: The most general one. to move up and down or back and forth.
It refers to persons or things.
(发抖) quiver: To tremble a little.
It suggests a rapid but invisible vibration.
His lips quivered with emotion.
(颤抖) tremble: To shake uncontrollably and slightly as from fear, cold, excitement etc.
It implies uneasiness and nervousness.
Her voice trembled as she began to sing.
(瞬间发抖) shiver: To tremble from fear or cold.
It suggests a slight and rapid movement.
He stood shivering in the snow.
(极度颤动) quake: to shake or tremble violently.
It suggests a more violent and sudden change.
He quaked with excitement.
An explosion cam make the ground quake.
(抽筋般颤动) shudder: To shake uncontrollably for a movement.
It suggests a more intense shaking.
She shuddered at the sight of a snake.
20.说话 谈话
(说话)
speak: To use your voice to say words.
(说) say: To speak words.
(发出声音) utter: To make sound and say words.
drawl: To speak in a slow, prolonged manner.
mutter: To express displeasure with compressed lips.
rave: To talk in an angry, uncontrolled way.
gabble: To talk rapidly, making inarticulate sounds.
(谈论) remark: To mention it or comment on it.
(陈述) state: To say, express or put into words, esp. formally.
He stated his view.
(讲述) narrate: To tell formally in writing or speech or describe
something in order with intonation.
He narrated his adventure in the forest.
(详述) relate: To tell formally in details, to give an account of.
He related his experiences.
(讲演) address: To say in speech or writing to a person or group.
tell: To let people know about something.
talk: To say things to someone.
converse: To talk formally.
The scholars are conversing with each other on
linguistics.
chat: To talk in a friendly, familiar, informal manner.
The two friends sat in a corner and chatted.
chatter: To talk continuously rapidly about small things.
The schoolgirls went along chattering.
whisper: To talk in a low voice.
She whispered me not to talk so loudly.
murmur: To make a soft sound, esp. to speak or say in a quiet voice.
He often murmurs to himself.
(闲谈) gossip: To talk about the details of other people\"s actions
and private lives which may not correct or proper.
That woman is very fond of gossiping about others.
stammer: To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of excitement, embarrassment.
stutter: To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of
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发表于 2006-4-10 08:55:22