想与发酵法生产辅酶Q10的同行交流!

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-6 22:35:43

想与发酵法生产辅酶Q10的同行交流!
我的邮箱:
yrq287@sohu.com
谢谢!

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-7 20:56:04

一、辅酶Q10及其理化性质
辅酶Q10 （Ubiquinone-10，Coenzyme Q10，简称CoQ10），又名癸烯醌，泛醌，化学名为2，3－二甲氧基－5－甲基－6－（3－甲基丁烯基－2 ）－苯醌（2，3－dimethoxy－5－methy1－6－decapreny1benzoquinone），英文名Ubidecarenone。
辅酶Q10属于辅酶Q类，是一类与维生素K有共同特征的脂溶性醌类化合物，故被称为泛醌。它们都是2，3－二甲氧基－1，4－苯醌的衍生物，在第六位上有一条很长的侧链，由类戊二烯基单位构成。不同来源的辅酶Q的差异就在于侧链类戊二烯基单位的数目不同（即n值不同）。人体的辅酶Q10的n＝10，故称为辅酶Q10。辅酶Q主要存在五种同系物CoQn（n＝6，7，8，9，10），不同种类的生物体，往往含有不同类型的辅酶Q，其中细菌与霉菌中种类较多。
辅酶Q具有醌的性质，在氧化条件下以醌的形式存在，在无氧条件下，可还原为对苯二酚，即具有可逆的氧化还原特性。
辅酶Q10为黄色或淡橙黄色结晶体粉末，无臭无味，脂溶性。易溶于氯仿、苯、四氯化碳；溶于丙酮、乙醚、石油醚；微溶于乙醇，实际上不溶于水和甲醇。在光照下易分解成微红色物质．对温度和湿度较稳定。熔点48℃～52℃。可通过差式分光光度法（扫描紫外分光光度仪）测其含量。
分子式C59H90O4、分子量863.36。其结构式如下：

图1 辅酶Q10结构式

辅酶Q10广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物等细胞内，Sastry首先用定量的数据证明辅酶Q10在细胞内各部分的分布是：细胞核中占25％～30%，线粒体中占40％～45％，微粒体中占15％～20％，其余占5％～10％。
辅酶Q10是人体细胞中重要的生化辅酶之一，1978年Peter用化学渗透理论解释了生物能转移包括在能运转换系统中，辅酶Q10起到重要的质子转移作用等，并获得了诺贝尔奖。近年来研究发现辅酶Q10具有清除自由基、维持细胞膜的通透性、提高免疫功能等多种药理作用。辅酶Q10的功能作用主要来自于醌基的氧化还原特性和侧链的物理特性。研究表明，还原态的辅酶Q10和异戊二烯单体全为反式结构的辅酶Q10比氧化态辅酶Q10和异戊二烯单体全为顺式结构的辅酶Q10具有更高的活性和药理作用。作为一种代谢激活剂，它能激活细胞呼吸，加速产生三磷酸腺昔（ATP ），并起到解毒急救作用；可改变细胞和组织的缺氧状态，对肝、脑、心脏及神经系统均有较好的保护和改善作用；它还能增强体内的非特异性免疫力。辅酶Q10是细胞自身产生的天然抗氧剂，能抑制线粒体的过氧化，保护生物膜结构的完整性，对免疫力有非常特异的增强作用，能提高吞噬细胞的吞噬率，增加抗体的产生，改善T 细胞功能。
人体内的辅酶Q10主要以酪氨酸为原料，经过3个主要步骤合成：从酪氨酸或苯丙氨酸合成环状结构；经甲羟戊酸旁路从酰基CoA残基合成类异戊二烯；在聚合酶作用下在高尔基体内缩合，其中HMGCoA还原酶催化甲羟戊酸旁路的反应与胆固醇合成的途径一致。在合成过程中还要求有足够的维生素，如叶酸、烟酸、核黄酸和吡哆醇等。辅酶Q10的主要食物来源是肉类（8～203ug/g）、禽（17～21u/g）、鱼（4～27ug/g）和某些蔬菜如硬花甘蓝、花椰菜等。
辅酶Q10在医学上的作用主要有：
（l）用于急慢性病素性肝炎、亚急性肝坏死的治疗，对其他肝病也有一定的疗效。
（2）用于心血管疾病，如缺血性心脏病、风湿性心脏病、缩窄性心包炎、心肌炎、心纹痛、心律失常及高血压等，也用于充血性心力衰竭的辅助治疗。
（3）用于癌症的综合治疗，能减轻放、化疗引起的某些副反应，临床上用于医治晚期急性癌症患者也有一定疗效。
（4）用于原发性和继发性胆固醇增多症、颈部外伤后遗症、脑血管疾病、出血性休克等。
（5）用于治疗坏血病、十二指肠溃疡、坏死性牙周炎及促进胰腺功能和分泌有显著作用。
最新的临床试验表明，辅酶Q10的应用范围越来越广：其片剂已有效地用于肺气肿的治疗；每天注射3 ml 针剂可改善先天再生障碍性贫血，明显增加红细胞数量；对于支气管哮喘和听觉障碍的治疗也有一定的作用。近来辅酶Q10除用于医疗外，还常用于人体保健，每天口服一定量的辅酶Q10，可明显降低感冒等常见病的发病率。近年来国内外资料显示，辅酶Q10在延缓衰老和提高机体免疫力方面有着不可替代的作用和广阔的应用前景。

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-8 12:30:10

本板块微生物比较少，医学方面但是挺多，有点像丁香园！

bbsicom · 发表于 2006-1-8 23:17:14

下面是引用yrq287于2006-01-08 12:30发表的:
本板块微生物比较少，医学方面但是挺多，有点像丁香园！

希望楼主多多支持和参与，办出我们自己的特色。

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-9 21:22:42

谢谢版主的关心！把我们这个版块办好是我们的己任！

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-9 21:54:25

上世纪70、80年代，人们广泛寻找CoQ10产生菌，发现了多种高产菌株。各菌株的含量差别很大，原因很多，如菌株对CoQ10的耐受性、培养条件的变化、突变育种、提取方法等。
CoQ10产生菌有荚膜红假单孢菌（Rhodopseudomonas copsulata）、胶状红假单孢菌（Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa）、热带假丝酵母（Candidatropicalis）、脱氮假单孢菌 Pseudomonas denitrificans）、斯谷假单孢菌（Pseudomonas umoros）、脱氮副球菌（Paracocus denitrificans)、鱼精蛋白杆菌属（Protaminobacter）、醋酸杆菌属（Acetobacter）、土壤杆菌属（Agrobacterium(tumefaciens) 、Rhodospirillum rubrum）、类球红细菌（Rhodobacter sphaeroides）。
版主及各位战友，如果您们知道还有哪些高产菌，请列在后面！
谢谢！

plaintree · 发表于 2006-1-16 17:37:40

辅酶q10是人类健康不可缺少的重要元素之一，具有提高人体免疫力、增强抗氧化能力、延缓衰老等功能，可用于心血管系统疾病治疗。近年来，国内外将辅酶q10广泛用于营养保健品及食品添加剂，市场需求不断增长。
　　国际市场供不应求国内市场产品奇缺
　　我国辅酶q10的消费量在30吨左右。但由于其合成工艺技术难度高，国内生产企业的生产规模和产品质量都远不能满足市场需求，因此有三分之二的辅酶q10原料依赖进口。
　　但是，近年来，国际市场上辅酶q10也一直处于供不应求的状态。
辅酶q10的消费主要集中在美国、日本、西欧以及澳大利亚，其中美国市场占到总消费能力的三分之一。在美国，辅酶q10除了应用在医药领域外，还作为一种维生素用于食品添加剂，作为非处方药和功能性食品在超市、食品连锁店和药店自由出售，这就决定了辅酶q10在美国的高消费基础。欧洲也是辅酶q10重要的消费市场，同样用于保健食品。在日本和中国，辅酶q10目前还仅限于医药领域的应用，没有拓展到保健品和食品中。目前，世界市场对辅酶q10原料的年需求量已经达到400吨左右，并且仍在以每年10％的速度增长。从辅酶q10的未来发展空间上分析，保健品和食品应用将是其市场需求进一步增加的主要源动力。
　　日本是最早开发辅酶q10的国家，其产量居世界首位。目前全球90％的产品均来自日本，其生产企业主要有协和制药、日清制粉以及清渊化工三家。这三家企业不仅在产量上占有绝对优势，而且享有技术专利，他们从技术垄断中取得了高额利润。
　　由于欧美等高端市场对辅酶q10需求强劲，部分日本生产企业已向欧美市场转移。目前在中国市场上，仅剩下日本清渊化工一家还在给上海的信谊药厂供货，其他的进口输入基本断档，因而造成国内辅酶q10产品奇缺。以前我国辅酶q10的进口价格一般维持在1万元~1.3万元人民币（每公斤，下同），最高达到过1.8万元，近来由于国际市场需求紧俏以及日本企业目标市场的转移，国内贸易机构均已拿不到货，3万元~4万元的报价已经习以为常。
　　国内企业竞相追捧新昌制药创占先机
　　目前，投资机构和生产企业对辅酶q10极度看好，甚至有人分析认为，辅酶q10的发展态势有可能超出当年风头出尽的辛伐他汀。
　　巨大的市场需求引得国内许多企业都想分一杯羹，但目前还仅有浙江新昌制药和西安皓天能够批量生产，其他大部分企业仍然处在生产工艺研发和改进阶段。
　　新昌制药自2004年采用发酵法试产成功辅酶q10原料以来，产品做到了尽产尽销，众多采购商持币待购，但新昌制药的产量远远不能满足市场需求。据新昌制药销售部负责人介绍，目前辅酶q10已全部被国外客户订购，所以不能满足国内客户需求。但企业每月都在增加产能，预计全部达产后将能实现年产20吨。
　　近期新昌制药公开的年报数据显示，自试产成功辅酶q10原料以来，企业月产量达到1吨左右，实现产值3000多万元，毛利率达到50%以上，而国际市场目前销售价格在4000美元~4100美元。据了解，采用发酵法生产的辅酶q10原料，每公斤生产成本在2000元~2300元。由此可以预见，如果今年新昌制药的辅酶q10在国际市场销售一帆风顺的话，该公司的销售利润将会非常可观。
　　西安浩天生物技术有限公司是国内能够以化学合成法规模化生产辅酶q10的生产企业，其产品同样旺销海外。据其总经理寇玉峰介绍，目前公司辅酶q10的市场订单很多，大部分产品被美国采购商直接采购，对国内市场并不提供产品。
　　此外，今年1月份，河南天方药业也传出了采用化学法投产辅酶q10的消息。在今年4月21日天方药业发布的公司项目投资公告中，正式宣布投资3000万元进行年产5吨辅酶q10项目。另据了解，上海复旦大学辅酶q10的研究成果已经转让给了浙江新和成制药，其方法为全合成法，将在近期实现投产。其他企业如济南诚汇双达化工和台州市开仓化工等也在进行辅酶q10的生产工艺研发。
　　巨大的市场空缺和价格攀升带来的高额利润，吸引众企业纷纷投资。在众多淘金者中，谁能率先攻克技术壁垒，同时采用先进工艺来控制成本，实现规模化生产，谁才是辅酶q10最终的赢家。
　　三种生产工艺发酵法最有前途
　　辅酶q10原料制备方法有三种：动物细胞提取法、化学合成法和微生物发酵法。动物细胞提取法由于生产效率较低，工艺落后，目前在工业化生产中已基本不用；化学合成法是我国目前主要的工业化生产方法；微生物发酵法是近几年全球开发的热点，被认为是最有前途的生产方式。
　　用化学合成法生产辅酶q10，产率相对较低，且用茄呢醇制得的烯丙基化试剂是顺、反异构体的混合物，活性不强，需要分离，因此这种方法的应用受到了限制。我国是世界上茄呢醇生产能力较大的国家之一，具有资源优势，但由于合成技术不过关，辅酶q10半化学合成法生产规模和质量不高。
　　利用微生物发酵法生产辅酶q10，无论是从产品的质量和安全性方面，都有较大的竞争优势。发酵法生产辅酶q10目前已在日本实现了商业化生产，主力企业是协和发酵株式会社。目前国内不少科研机构和企业正在积极研究发酵法，但只有新昌制药已经实现了一定规模的工业化生产。

   随着近年来天然保健品热的兴起，用于医药和食品添加剂领域的辅酶Q10市场前景十分广阔。然而尽管我国拥有原料资源优势，但辅酶Q10产量却很小。近日有关专家指出，应加快我国辅酶Q10产品的开发和生产步伐，以扩大国际市场的份额。
   据介绍，辅酶Q10对于晚期癌症治疗、冠心病预防、缓解牙周炎以及心绞痛方面有显著效果，并广泛应用在食品添加剂领域。近年来，辅酶Q10在国际市场呈逐年攀升势头，预计2005年全球的消费量将达到100吨。我国是世界上茄呢醇生产能力较大的国家，许多国家大量从我国进口茄呢醇粗品，深度加工成精品及纯品后合成辅酶Q10，又销往中国及国际市场赚取高额利润。而我国以原料出口为主的粗放型经营方式，尽管规模较大，但是经济效益却很低。
   据了解，目前辅酶Q10有4种生产方法：从动植物组织中提取；从烟叶中提取茄呢醇，进而用半合成法制备辅酶Q10；完全合成法制备辅酶Q10；微生物发酵法或植物细胞培养法生产辅酶Q10。目前我国已建设了几条辅酶Q10生物提取法生产线，主要有北京制药厂、泰州生物化学制药厂、青岛生物化学制药厂等，总生产能力在600千克／年左右。
   20世纪90年代初期，国内外相关企业投入大量的精力进行辅酶Q10合成新工艺的研究，并取得了可喜的成果。1998年底，我国第一条半合成工艺采用茄尼醇和进口的3，4，5－三甲氧基甲苯为原料的辅酶Q10生产线在江苏海门通联化工有限公司投产，通联化工由此成为国内合成辅酶Q10的惟一制造商。这条生产线年产量达到10吨，打破了我国辅酶Q10长期依赖进口的局面。
   有关专家认为，提取法和合成法难度大，成本高，微生物发酵法或植物细胞培养法是比较理想的生产方法。据悉，国内关于微生物发酵提取法生产辅酶Q10的研究近几年已有进展，烟台康泰药业制品公司进行的光和菌发酵法生产辅酶Q10研究有望在近期实现工业化；中国科学院微生物研究所采用微生物发酵提取法生产辅酶Q10已基本实现了工业化，制备出了富含辅酶Q10的菌液。

plaintree · 发表于 2006-1-16 17:39:16

辅酶Q10国内专利情况

记录号  申请号  专利名称
1  00130816.5 烟草为原料制备辅酶Q#-[10]的方法

2  00102765.4  一种复合辅酶Q#-[10]营养保健品

3  00102763.8  一种复合辅酶Q#-[10]药物
4  97196975.2  含辅酶Q#-[10]的药学组合物

5  03117691.7  注射用辅酶Q#-[10]无菌冻干制剂及其制备方法
6  86100582  一种使辅酶Q10注射液保持澄明的方法
7  200410033725.7  饮食品

8  03124628.1  一种缓释型微胶囊化复方抗氧化剂

9  03147716.X  左卡尼汀与辅酶Q#-[10]复方制剂
广州贝氏药业有限公司未授权
10  01817972.X  用于治疗内皮机能障碍的非诺贝特和辅酶Q#-[10]组合物
爱尔兰福尼雅实验室有限公司未授权
11  03115914.1  一种辅酶Q#-[10]前体脂质体及其制备方法
上海家化联合股份有限公司未授权
12  02112760.3  一种辅酶Q#-[10]的新用途
（用于制备治疗老年性痴呆症的药物）
中国药科大学未授权

plaintree · 发表于 2006-1-16 17:39:56

国外专利

Patent Number                   Title

WO2004103331  SUN TANNING PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS FOR TREATMENT OF THE SKIN BEFORE AND AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE SUN

GB2402334  Coenzyme-Q10 containing pharmaceutical composition with improved bioavailability

ZA200303126  Combination of fenofibrate and coenzyme Q10 for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction.

US2004236154  Method of producing reduced coenzyme q10

US2004234975  Process for producing coenzyme q10

WO2004096137  ANNATTO EXTRACT COMPOSITIONS, INCLUDING GERANYL GERANIOLS AND METHODS OF USE

US6814972  Composition for prevention and/or treatment of vascular diseases, comprising propionyl L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10

US2004228910  Transdermal, oral and intravenous formulations of 2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone

EP1476032  WATER DISPERSIBLE COENZYME Q10 DRY POWDERS

EP1475363  METHOD FOR STABILIZING REDUCED COENZYME Q 10 AND COMPOSITION THEREFOR

US2004215040  Method of producing reduced coenzyme q10 using solvent with high oxidation-protective effect

US2004214301  Method of producing reduced coenzyme q10crystals with excellent handling properties

CA2476906  COMPOSITIONS FOR DIABETES

CA2463344  PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SPORIDIOBOLUS RUINENIAE STRAINS WITH IMPROVED COENZYME Q10 PRODUCTION

US2004209368  Process for producing sporidiobolus ruineniae strains with improved coenzyme Q10 production

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plaintree · 发表于 2006-1-16 17:42:09

曾经做过发酵法生产辅酶Q10的研究，用的是酵母工程菌。多的不便透漏啊

发酵法生产辅酶Q10，日本的技术比较成熟，可惜看不懂小日本的文字，查不到相关资料

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-16 20:20:31

我有少数几篇日文专利，可惜看不懂，我们能否交流？

我们用的是细菌！

plaintree · 发表于 2006-1-17 13:53:06

本人英文资料不少，可以交流

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-1-18 22:40:34

那太好了，谢谢！邮箱联系！

显示全部楼层 · 发表于 2006-2-16 15:08:55

这个地方太好了
以后可以多多交流

显示全部楼层 · 发表于 2006-2-16 15:17:00

11楼:

你的英文资料中有没有关于真菌类发酵CoQ10的资料呀
如果有
能不能共享一下呀！

谢谢！

e-mail: haiylong@163.com

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-2-16 20:25:16

引用第13楼haiylong于2006-02-16 15:08发表的“”:
这个地方太好了
以后可以多多交流

非常欢迎您的到来，希望我们多交流！

显示全部楼层 · 发表于 2006-2-17 22:13:54

用于辅酶Q发酵的微生物除了上面说的
也有报道用曲霉菌的如：
红曲霉，黑曲霉、烟曲霉等
不过我在这方面确查不到详尽的英文资料
日文的资料没看过
但是目前国外研究的大多为基因改良的细菌

显示全部楼层 · 发表于 2006-2-20 17:00:41

意大利技术怎么样?

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-2-28 12:29:17

引用第17楼bchang于2006-02-20 17:00发表的“”:
意大利技术怎么样?

有吗？介绍介绍！

yrq287 · 发表于 2006-2-28 12:29:37

好象没有听说啊！

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[【讨论】] 想与发酵法生产辅酶Q10的同行交流!